Thin Juice Research Articles

Recurrent and Reciprocal Recurrent Selection in Sugarbeet1

Five cycles of recurrent selection (RS) for general combining ability and two cycles of reciprocal recurrent selection (RRS) in sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) were evaluated. The fifth‐cycle RS synthetic produced significantly less sucrose than its source population, but combined equally as well as its source population with a group of four male sterile tester lines. The reduced sucrose yield of this synthetic resulted entirely from reduced root yield, partially accounted for by the estimated 20% inbreeding of this synthetic. Three second‐cycle RRS synthetics were produced from each of two source populations (A and B). These synthetics were generated on the basis of superior progeny performance for recoverable sucrose, root yield, and sucrose content, respectively. Recoverable sucrose increased relative to its source only in the second cycle synthetic for root yield from source A. Root yield improvements were made in two synthetics from the low yield source A. Improvement in sucrose content was made in two synthetics derived from the low sucrose source B. In no synthetic was there a simultaneous increase in root yield and sucrose content. Crosses between the A and B synthetics did not significantly exceed the performance of the superior source parent for recoverable sucrose or any of its components, root yield, sucrose content, or thin juice purity. Reciprocal recurrent selection was successful in improving the general and specific combining abilty of those yield components that were relatively low in the sources. Simultaneous improvement of all components for production and for combining ability was not achieved by either of the two breeding methods.

Combining Ability and Gene Action Estimates in an Eight Parent Diallel Cross of Sugarbeet1

Twenty‐eight F1 hybrids from an eight parent diallel cross grown at two nitrogen fertility levels were analyzed for type of gene action controlling 11 sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) characters. Nonadditive genetic variance was of prime importance in controlling root weight under low and high nitrogen levels, accounting for 51% and 68% of the total genetic variance, respectively. For recoverable sugar, nonadditive genetic variance accounted for 67% and 83% of the total genetic variance under low and high nitrogen. Additive genetic variance accounted for most of the genetic variance for sucrose percentage and root/shoot ratio. Both additive and nonadditive genetic variance were significant for percent thin juice purity, but only at the high nitrogen fertility level.Additive genetic variance was predominant for six nonsucrose components of purified juice. In addition, significant amounts of nonadditive gene action were found for all six nonsucrose components at one or both nitrogen levels. Betaine was the least affected by change in nitrogen of all the characters measured.

New process for deliming thin juice without regenerating agents and waste water

New process for deliming thin juice without regenerating agents and waste water

Thin juice deliming with gel type cation exchange resins

Thin juice deliming with gel type cation exchange resins

Computer method for calculating percentage apparem purity of sugar beet thin juice

Computer method for calculating percentage apparem purity of sugar beet thin juice

A Rapid and Practical Method of Determining Extractable White Sugar as may be Applied to the Evaluation of Agronomic Practices and Grower Deliveries in the Sugar beet Industry

Received for pUblication Octabel f7, 1966 The quantity of crystalline that may be obtained from a ton of beets by conventional processing procedures is a more realistic measure of the technological value than is the percentage of sucrose in the roots. Sugar beets should be e\,aluated on the basis of the amount of white that can be extracted in a factory r ather than the amount of de­ livered to the factory. The percentage of sucrose, alone, is generally recognized as an unreliable measure of ex­ traction, although it is the widely used standard where in­ dividual tests are employed (4, 6, 7)'. The adoption of a ba~ged sugar system of evaluation has awaited only a practicable method of its accomplishment on large numbers of samples. vVe have tested two lots of beets with the same percent sucrose' that ~ave 46 pounds difference in extractable per ton (ESPT). This was due to a difference of 8 percentage points in thin juice purity. In 1965 we analyzed a total of 37 experi­ ments in our laboratory involving a total of 2,030 samples. The overall correlation between % sucrose in beets and clarified juice purity (CJP)6 was 0.467. Correlations varied in the 37 experiments from .858 to - .042. 'When considering- the cossette % sucrose and thick juice purity reported by non-Steffen factories in the Pnited States, we find the correlation coefficient to be:

Evaluation of sugar beet storage practices by using the percentage purity of the "thin juice"

Evaluation of sugar beet storage practices by using the percentage purity of the "thin juice"

Instrumentation within the British Sugar Corporation

Received for tJllbliralion Februmy 28, 1964 In the early years after the war, instrumentation within the British Sugar Corporation was very sparse, and consisted mainly of indicating and recording thermometers, pressure gauges, and steam flowmeters with an occasional juice meter. There were also a few industria l pH meters used mainly on 2nd carbonation and thin juice , but these were anything but reliable. All factory equipment was old and consisted mainly of a series of batch processes which did not lend themselves to automatic control. In the early 1050's B.S.c. embarked upon a large reconstruc­ tion program to modernize its factories. Each year one or more factories were chosen to replace old batch plants with modern, continuous machinery. Beet-end equipment was the first to be replaced, and with continuous diffusion and continuous carbona­ tion, the opportunity arose to increase the instrumentation. Instrumentation at that time was the prerogative of the Works YIanager (Plant Superintendent) at each factory with guidance from his Technical Supervisor, and the Chief Engineer, but there was no over-all instrumentation program. It was not until 1955 that a Control Fm);ineering Department was formed with the purpose of designing, specifving and coordinating the instru­ mentation throughout the Corporation. The 'Vorks Manager still had the final word, but was now advised by a department which quickly amassed a wealth of experience and know-how. Thus, when a new projecl was progTamed, the 'Norks ,Manager would discuss the instrumentation ' with the Control EnQ'ineer who could advise on proven practices at other factories, and would then engineer the scheme at Central Offices. The choice of the instrument manufacturer would depend to a large extent upon competitive quotations, but with a view to standardize as much as possible at a particular fa ctory. This presented no problems with the first schemes as all the important instruments were nevv, but in later years the aim 'Ivas to keep the number of manufacturers represented to a minimum, and still allow competition. It was felt that standardization taken to the ultimate of one manufacturer only, would be detrimental to the factory, particularly with reqard to service. In addition, some pieces of equipment were considered to be better made, or in­

Associations of levels of total nitrogen, potassium, and sodium in petioles and in thin juice with weight of roots per plot, percentage sucrose and percentage apparent purity in sugar beets

Associations of levels of total nitrogen, potassium, and sodium in petioles and in thin juice with weight of roots per plot, percentage sucrose and percentage apparent purity in sugar beets

Associations of levels of total nitrogen, potassium, and sodium in petioles and in thin juice with weight of roots per plot, percentage sucrose and percentage apparent purity in sugar beets

Associations of levels of total nitrogen, potassium, and sodium in petioles and in thin juice with weight of roots per plot, percentage sucrose and percentage apparent purity in sugar beets

Levels of total nitrogen, potassium and sodium in petioles and in thin juice of sugar beets

Levels of total nitrogen, potassium and sodium in petioles and in thin juice of sugar beets

Levels of total nitrogen, potassium and sodium in petioles and in thin juice of sugar beets

Levels of total nitrogen, potassium and sodium in petioles and in thin juice of sugar beets