Liquid Crystal Display Research Articles

SKIN HEALTH PARAMETER MONITORING SYSTEM

Skin conditions, influenced by both internal bodily factors and external environmental elements, affect millions worldwide. Among these, environmental factors play a vital role, impacting skin health in many ways. In response to this issue, the prototype system provides real-time data on environmental parameters crucial for skin wellness. It integrates sensors to monitor temperature, humidity, UV radiation, and skin moisture, all connected to a microcontroller. This data is displayed on an LCD screen and transmitted to a website and mobile application (APK). Users receive alerts when sensor readings exceed predefined thresholds, suggesting necessary precautions. Additionally, the system features an IP webcam for capturing skin images, which are analysed to provide insights and skincare recommendations. This innovative approach bridges the gap between environmental factors and skin health, promoting proactive measures against environmental stressors. By providing real-time data and actionable insights, the prototype empowers users to make informed decisions about their skincare regimen. The system represents a significant advancement in skincare technology, offering comprehensive monitoring and management of environmental conditions and skin health. With its real-time functionality, recommendations, and proactive alerts, the system has the potential to greatly enhance users’ skincare routines and overall skin health. Key Words: Skin health, environmental monitoring, real time data, sensor integration, image analysis, proactive measures

Design and Development of Sensor Based Glove for Speech Impaired People

Abstract: This project aims to address communication challenges faced by deaf and mute individuals through the development of a portable Sign Language Glove. The intelligent glove incorporates advanced sensor technologies, including flex sensors, an accelerometer, and a microcontroller, to accurately capture and interpret sign language gestures. By combining these technologies, the smart glove achieves close-to-real-time translation capabilities, seamlessly converting sign language into spoken or written language. The output is displayed on an LCD screen and conveyed audibly through an integrated speaker. Further enhancements include integrating a Bluetooth module for connection to a dedicated smartphone app, allowing users to personalize their communication experience. This comprehensive solution goes beyond mere translation, fostering inclusivity and adaptability. Ultimately, this groundbreaking technology aims to integrate speech-impaired individuals into society, dismantle communication barriers, and promote a more inclusive global community

Development of a Low-Cost and Portable Device for Monitoring Heart Rate, Blood Oxygen Saturation, and Body Temperature in Infants Incubator

The risk of newborn infant mortality is commonly associated with hypothermia. Hypothermia is a health disorder and a leading cause of death in newborns, caused by an imbalance in the baby's body temperature. Hypothermia occurs due to a decrease in body temperature resulting from various conditions, especially high oxygen requirements and a decrease in room temperature. The purpose of this study is to monitor the health status of newborns. Monitoring the body temperature and oxygen saturation levels in newborns can help detect abnormalities in infants at an early stage. Oxygen saturation is considered a vital sign that is important in supplying oxygen to the body. This research is expected to assist patients using a baby cuve in providing care for newborns with hypothermia symptoms. The Baby Cuve utilizes the DS18B20 sensor for temperature measurement and the MAX3102 sensor for heart rate and oxygen saturation. The data is then processed using the ESP32 microcontroller, and the results are displayed on an LCD screen. The comparative tools used in this study are the standard thermometer and pulse oximeter. The results of this research indicate that the smallest measurement error value is found in the Spmeasurement of respondent 10, which is 0.1%. The largest measurement error value is found in the Spmeasurement of respondent 2, which is 5.6% based on the obtained data. However, the measurement results are still within the tolerance limit of ±10%.

A Real-Time System for Monitoring Vital Signs to Protect Kids' Health

Strengthening healthcare services is the first step to improving children's lives, and improving primary healthcare is a key part of this. Individuals can be involved in their healthcare by using personal health information systems, which provide engaging medical tools to the public. Our goal is to provide a smart system with a GSM network that can fully monitor the health and safety of kindergarten children. This system works using GSM technology, a computer, temperature and heartbeat sensors, and an LCD screen. When the system detects an odd temperature or heart rate, it immediately alerts the parents through the GSM network. Our younger students' health and safety are protected by this reliable method, which works well for kids of all ages and has been thoroughly tested and proven

Development of a High Flow Oxygen Analyzer for Monitoring Oxygen Therapy in Adults Using High Flow Nasal Cannula (HFNC)

Oxygen is a necessity of life that is very rarely owned even though it has a very high value for humans. Our respiratory system directly takes oxygen intake from the surrounding air either or not consciously. Oxygen therapy is a method of administering oxygen at a higher concentration than ambient oxygen, with the treatment or prevention of symptoms and the appearance of hypoxia. The oxygen concentration to be administered to a person is determined by the flow titration required for sufficient SPO2. The accuracy of the oxygen flow delivery system to the patient is very high, so it is necessary to calibrate to determine the correctness of the indication of measuring instruments and measuring instruments stated. This study uses an Arduino microcontroller to process the oxygen concentration output from the OOA101-1 oxygen concentration sensor, then the processed oxygen concentration will be displayed on the TFT LCD. The variable in this study is the oxygen concentration setting value, while the independent variable is the OOA101-1 oxygen concentration sensor. The concentration value is set using an oxygen blender, while the comparison tool used is a gas flow analysis (Citrex H3). At the testing stage, the measurement value is 50% to 100% with a time of 1 minute at each point. Based on the measurements that have been made, the largest error value is obtained at a concentration of 50%, which is 3.07% and the smallest error value is at 100%, which is 0.40%. Data retrieval using a compressor and central oxygen is very influential on the results of the flow and oxygen concentration. The results obtained are more stable than without the use of a compressor and central oxygen.From these results, the calibrator module has an error (value) that is still within the relative limits of the conclusion, which is ±5%. And also the design of this tool is portable and low cost and made for use in hospital establishments as maintenance of HFNC equipment.

Wireless Blood Pressure Monitor with Android Integration: Tracking Systolic and Diastolic Parameters

Blood pressure measurement plays a crucial role in detecting underlying diseases in the human body. It enables the identification of conditions like heart failure, kidney failure, liver damage, and stroke, underscoring the importance of regular measurements. To facilitate independent and routine blood pressure monitoring, the development of an automatic blood pressure measuring device is essential. This research aims to design and fabricate a digital sphygmomanometer that can transmit measurements to a smartphone through the Blynk application. The blood pressure measurement is conducted using the MPX5050GP pressure sensor as the pressure detector. The device is programmed using the Esp32 microcontroller and incorporates an LCD screen to display the measurement results. The study involved measuring six participants, with each individual's blood pressure recorded ten times. The obtained measurements were then compared to those of the Omron HEM-7120 digital sphygmomanometer. The results revealed a discrepancy of ±9 mmHg in systolic values and ±7 mmHg in diastolic values between the two devices. The smallest systolic error observed was 0.4%, while the largest error reached 3%. Similarly, the smallest diastolic error was 2%, with the largest error recorded at 4.8%. The measurement errors, particularly in diastolic pressure, were influenced by the participants' fatigue, as the repeated measurements on the same arm led to slight arm movements during the process. The study demonstrated the successful transmission of measurement results to a smartphone, affirming the efficacy of the Blynk application. Additionally, the MPX5050GP sensor proved effective in detecting blood pressure. These findings highlight the potential of the developed digital sphygmomanometer as a reliable tool for blood pressure monitoring, promoting self-care and early detection of health issues.

Design and Build “Smart Key Tracking Systems with RFID and Arduino Mega” for Use in Petrochemical Engineering Department PTSN

The problem concerning key storage at Politeknik Tun Syed Nasir Syed Ismail (PTSN) systems is a lack of systematic administration, leading to uncontrolled and insecure essential management procedures. Consequently, the objective is to create an intelligent key tracking system (SKTS) utilizing radio frequency identification (RFID) and Arduino Mega to establish a secure and properly organized key storage system with efficient data management. This project introduces the monitoring system with automated and real-time data collection. SKTS design uses an Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller and an ESP8266 Node MCU Wi-Fi module that sends data over the cloud. The project also utilizes the Telegram chat application bot to notify and monitor the keys' retrieval and return. It is also equipped with an RFID reader as a sensor. As the authorized user, once the RFID card is swept, type the selection key number; the solenoid lock for the selected key will open, and the key is free to be picked. The liquid crystal display (LCD) will show the authorized user data and selected room number. A signal will send the information to the Telegram application through a mobile phone to notify the other authorized user. This project successfully achieves its objective by utilizing the Telegram application to notify critical users and authorized individuals when keys are returned. These real-time notifications are visible to all registered group members on the Telegram application. The Likert Scale, which has two points, is established by utilizing data responses from the rubrics form, with evaluators consisting of industrial designers and researchers. The results are subsequently synthesized using qualitative percentages. The responses to the item provided via the rubric assessment form show that the SKTS meets the design, ideal, and functional aspects.

Smart LPG Regulator

The Smart LPG Regulator is designed to oversee the regulation of pressurized steel gas cylinders in residential households. The primary goal of this project is to prevent the potential risks associated with LPG gas leaks, including the loss of life, injuries, and health concerns. The system is equipped to identify gas leaks and issue auditory and visual alerts through a buzzer, a display, and a servo motor, which promptly closes the gas cylinder regulator to terminate the gas supply. The LPG Gas Detector (MQ6) is a suitable sensor with high sensitivity to Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG), including propane, proficient, isobutene, and natural gas. It is also capable of detecting easily flammable gases, mainly methane. Data collected by the MQ6 sensor is processed by the Atmega 328P microcontroller and presented through the output components. The LCD screen will display 'GAS LEAK,' the buzzer will sound an alarm, and the servo motor will continue to close the regulator valve on the gas cylinder. The MQ6 sensor can identify gas leaks from the gas cylinder, gas pipes, or kitchen stove burners. One significant advantage of this system is its ability to shut off the gas cylinder supply, indirectly preventing accidents and injuries. The system's design is tailored to accommodate the standard size of gas cylinders used in residential homes, with domestic consumers as the target user group.

Investigation of adhesion status of Candida species to the surface of resin materials produced at different angles with additive manufacturing

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the adhesion of Candida glabrata, Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis and Candida tropicalis yeasts to disk-shaped resin materials produced from resin which used in the production of surgical guide with 0, 45 and 90-degrees printing orientations by Liquid Crystal Display additive manufacturing technology.MethodsDisk-shaped specimens were printed with surgical guide resin using the Liquid Crystal Display production technique in 3 printing orientations (0, 45 and 90-degrees). Surface roughness and contact angle values were evaluated. Real-Time PCR analysis was performed to evaluate Candida adhesion (C. glabrata, C. albicans, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis) Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images of the materials were obtained.ResultsSpecimens oriented at 45-degrees demonstrated higher surface roughness (P < .05) and lower contact angle values than other groups. No significant difference was found in the adhesion of C. glabrata, C. albicans, and C. parapsilosis among specimens printed at 0, 45, and 90-degrees orientations (P > .05). A higher proportion of C. krusei and C. tropicalis was found in the specimens printed at orientation degrees of 45 = 90 < 0 with statistical significance. Analyzing the adhesion of all Candida species reveals no statistical disparity among the printing orientations.ConclusionsThe surface roughness, contact angle, and adhesion of certain Candida species are affected by printing orientations. Hence, careful consideration of the printing orientation is crucial for fabricating products with desirable properties. In 45-degree production, roughness increases due to the layered production forming steps, whereas in 0-degree production, certain Candida species exhibit high adhesion due to the formation of porous structures. Consequently, considering these factors, it is advisable to opt for production at 90-degrees, while also considering other anticipated characteristics.

Rancang Bangun Alat Pengemas Biji Kopi Otomatis Berbasis Arduino Uno

Before coffee products are marketed, packaging is generally carried out first. Apart from protecting against damage, the packaging also aims to make it easier to carry while traveling. The conventional packaging process is quite time and energy consuming. This results in the packaging process being less efficient. With an automatic packaging system, it is hoped that it will make things easier and save time and energy. Automatic coffee bean packaging tools are built using several electronic devices. Arduino Uno is used as a controller, a load cell sensor to weigh the coffee packaging, a DS18B20 temperature sensor to measure the temperature of the packaging sealer and a proximity sensor to detect plastic packaging. In the actuator section, a servo motor is used to open the coffee bean reservoir valve (hopper tank), a DC motor is used to pull the packaging plastic and a stepper motor is used to press the packaging plastic. The plastic press is equipped with a heating mechanism using nickel wire so that the two layers of plastic can stick together. An LCD module is used to display information on the weight value of the coffee packaging, the temperature value of the sealer and the status of the packaging process. From the test results, it is known that the coffee bean packaging tool is capable of packaging coffee beans automatically. Coffee beans can be packaged in plastic with the weight and length of the packaging according to the design with a success rate of up to 87.5%

Design and Implementation of an Intelligent Ultrasonic System based on 51 Microcontroller

With the rapid development of microelectronics and intelligent technology, microcontroller units (MCUs) are increasingly applied in various fields. This paper proposes the design and implementation of an intelligent ultrasonic system based on a 51 microcontroller, integrating ultrasonic sensors, an LCD display, and a 51 MCU to achieve real-time distance measurement, data display, and intelligent control functions. The system utilizes a CD4069 ultrasonic sensor to transmit and receive ultrasonic waves, measuring the distance between the sensor and an object by calculating the time difference between transmission and reception. The measured distance data is processed and displayed on an LCD screen in real-time. Furthermore, the system features intelligent control capabilities, automatically adjusting and controlling devices based on the measured data, thereby enhancing the system's level of intelligence. The intelligent ultrasonic system based on the 51 microcontroller offers advantages such as low cost, high precision, and strong versatility. It can be widely used in various fields, including intelligent robots, obstacle avoidance systems, and automatic parking systems. The design and implementation of this system not only demonstrate innovative applications of ultrasonic ranging technology but also provide valuable references for the extensive application of microcontroller units in intelligent technology fields.

Post Study Design of Wireless Network for the Water Dilemma in the city of Rujban

Providing water for daily life usage is one of the biggest obstacles facing the growth and development of cities not only in Libya but in many countries of the world. The city of Rujban faces this crisis despite the passage of more than five decades in trying to resolve this issue. We did some deep research and study on the water system operation problem which we divided into three parts: Karthoom Automated Control System (KACS), Idref Automated Control System 1(IACS1), Idref Automated Control System 2 (IACS2) because water is pumped on 3 different stages. The IACS1 consists of two main parts: transmitter/collector tank on one side and receiver / pumps on the other side. The transmitter end consists of a microcontroller, three stage level sensor, two water flow sensors and an RF transmitter. The other end consists of two water pumping pump and an RF receiver. The system will be automated by the use of a microcontroller in which each level of the collector tank will be designed to turn on just one or both pumps of in the case there is certain amount of water, which can be determined by water level sensor, in Karthom collection tank. A crucial part of this coordination is the flow meter which will indicate if the pump is operational or not and detect whether or not there is water leakage, all of which will be demonstrated on an LCD screen. In this paper, we will design a wireless communication network for IACS1.

Design of an Automatic Device for Watering Jasmine Flower Plants Using a Soil Based Moisture Sensor Arduino Microcontroller

The In everyday life, watering plants is a very important factor in maintaining and caring for jasmine plants. Water itself is a basic resource that supports the life needs of jasmine plants. If there is no water, the growth of jasmine flowers will be hampered, and the plant can even die. In general, watering plants is done conventionally, this is considered impossible to do in a short time, not to mention when the plant owner is far from where the plants are. In this case, an automatic device for watering jasmine plants was created using a pump controlled by the Arduino Uno, as well as using a soil moisture sensor to provide analog data to the Arduino Uno to regulate the on and off of the water pump based on the humidity that has been set and the use of the LCD module. I2C to display soil moisture, to make it easier for jasmine plant lovers to care for their plants in terms of watering. This research method was adopted from the prototype development method. The results of this research are that the pump can water plants when the humidity is &lt; 30%, and the pump stops watering when the humidity is &gt; 50%.

Design And Construction Of Metal And Non-Metal Waste Selecting Tools Based On Arduino Uno

This Arduino-based automatic metal and non-metal waste sorting tool is designed to sort waste, making it easier to recycle waste. The main components of this tool include Arduino (as a tool control system), proximity sensor (as a metal scrap detector), servo motor (as a driver to isolate metal scrap) and LCD to display the type of metal scrap. In terms of waste sorting, the Proximity sensor will detect waste. If the waste is detected as metal waste, the servo motor will rotate to the right and direct the waste to a special metal waste bin. The LCD screen will display the type of metal waste. If the proximity sensor does not detect non-metal waste, the servo motor will rotate to the left and direct the non-metal waste to a special non-metal waste bin. This type of waste sorter is very helpful in reducing waste because it can be processed according to the type of waste.

NGHIÊN CỨU XÂY DỰNG THIẾT BỊ Y TẾ HỖ TRỢ THEO DÕI TỪ XA CHO BỆNH NHÂN TIM MẠCH

This article focuses on researching and developing a medical support device with functions to monitor various health parameters of patients directly or remotely, such as body temperature, heart rate, and blood oxygen saturation. The implementation method includes designing algorithm diagrams, hardware circuit design, component selection, and building a display application on smartphones or a website interface that allows monitoring the parameters quickly and accurately. Actual testing initially showed that, the device essentially operates quite accurately according to the design and programming with many advantages such as: The system operates stably, meeting design requirements; Results can be monitored visually in a variety of ways and conveniently on LCD screen, App, Web; Each measurement data is saved with data security assurance; The system is evaluated to have minimal errors, low power consumption, and is cost-effective, along with the convenience of result monitoring, making it suitable for various user groups. Furthermore, the research results can serve as a practical model for students in the Biomedical Engineering field at educational institutions where there is currently a shortage of devices catering to learning needs.

Microplastic identification in marine environments: A low-cost and effective approach based on transmitted light measurements

Microplastics have become a significant concern for the well-being of marine ecosystems. Small fragments of plastic debris are released into the environment from both the direct disposal of plastic products and the deterioration of larger items. Ingestion of microplastics by marine life can result in detrimental effects, including physical harm and the accumulation of toxic chemicals in their tissues. The aim of this research is to design a compact and cost-effective measurement system for effectively detecting and quantifying microplastics in marine environments. The proposed system uses a 2.4-inch liquid-crystal display (LCD) panel and a digital USB microscope, both of which are connected to a single-board computer, with a dedicated python-based graphical user interface (GUI). Specifically, the light transmitted through plastic and organic samples was measured in order to identify and classify them. Various types of materials, such as polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate, polyethylene, and organic algae samples, were tested and the metrological performance of the system has been estimated. The transmittance of the samples analyzed was primarily influenced by their opacity and thickness. In general, thicker materials exhibited significantly lower transmittance values. This trend was particularly evident in organic components and opaque plastic samples, where transmittance was significantly low. In addition, the experimental results suggest that the colour of the material also affects transmittance, although as a secondary factor. The employed technique could be used to identify and distinguish samples based on material properties, thereby allowing the proposed system to be a valuable tool for further research on microplastics in marine environments.

Design and fabrication of a porous prism film for display backlight applications

This study demonstrates a fabrication method of a porous brightness enhancement film (pBEF) that offers brightness enhancement, light diffusion, color shift reduction, and improved thermal stability. During the ultraviolet imprinting and solvent evaporation processes, the nano/submicron-sized air pores are generated within the polymer prism structure, and micropatterns spontaneously form on the prism surface. The inner pores ranging from 30 to 450 nm can effectively scatter light to mitigate color shift, which is caused by multiple internal reflections within the prism structure. The micropatterns have multiple rings formed one around another with 5–15-µm diameter on the prism surface improve visual quality. Moreover, the obtained functions are achieved in a single film solution, obviating the need for using multiple materials, and the fabrication process is relatively simple and fast as it is conducted under ambient conditions. When the pBEF is integrated into a liquid-crystal display backlight, it provides the brightness enhancement performance and comparable viewing angle distribution of a regular BEF combined with an additional diffuser (two films) and increases brightness by ∼8% compared to a bead prism (particle-based BEF). Additionally, it reduces the redshift (Δxy) from 0.1605 to 0.1415. Furthermore, the pBEF exhibits a lower coefficient of thermal expansion than the regular BEF.

Auto-metric Graph Neural Network for Attack Detection on IoT-based Smart Environment and Secure Data Transmission using Advanced Wild Horse Standard Encryption Method

Smart cities (SCs) are being constructed with the huge placement of the Internet of Things (IoT). Real-time enhancements to life quality based on comfort and efficiency. The key concerns in most SCs that immediately impact network performance are security and privacy. Numerous approaches are proposed for secure data transmission, but the current methods do not provide high accuracy and it provide high computational time. To resolve these problems, an Auto-metric Graph Neural Network for Attack Detection and Secure Data Transmission using Optimized Enhanced Identity-Based Encryption in IoT (AGNN-AWHSE-ST-IoT) is proposed. Primarily, the input data is taken from the NSL-KDD dataset. The input data is gathered with the aid of NSL-KDD is pre-processed using three steps, crisp data conversion, splitting, and normalization. Then the Pre-processed input is fed into the Colour Harmony Algorithm (CHA) based feature selection to select the important features. After feature selection, the preferred features are given to the AGNN classifier. After classifying, the data is given to Enhanced Identity-Based Encryption (EIBE), and it is optimized using Wild Horse Optimizer (WHO) for transmitting the data more safely. The outcomes of the normal data are displayed using the LCD monitor. The AGNN-AWHSE-ST-IoT method is implemented in PYTHON. The AGNN-AWHSE-ST-IoT method attains 8.888%, 13.953%, 19.512% higher accuracy, 2.105%, 6.593%, 8.988% higher cumulative accuracy, 54.285%, 54.285%, 52.941% lower encryption time, 8.2%, 3.3%, 6.9% lower decryption time, 11.627%, 10.344%, 6.666% higher security level and 60.869%, 70% and 64% lower computational time than the existing approaches such as SBAS-ST-IoT, BDN-GWMNN-ST-IoT and DNN-LSTM-ST-IoT respectively.

P‐178: Improve the response time of LCD and expand applications at low temperature

With the requirements for applications in extremely cold environments, LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) technology, limited by the properties of liquid crystal materials, exhibits poor image quality, especially when displaying rapidly changing images at low temperatures. Therefore, improving the response time at low temperatures is a key issue. In this paper, we have designed a heating circuit for the LCD. This circuit is controlled by an internal sensor, which improves the LCD's performance at low temperatures. Experimental results show that the internal sensor can provide feedback within a range of ‐50℃ to 150℃. The Gray‐ to‐Gray (GtoG) response time can reach 100ms at ‐40℃, greatly enhancing the competitiveness of LCD technology.

P‐193: Ring‐shaped circular Patch liquid crystal display structure based on fringe field effect

The liquid crystal display (LCD) continues to hold a prominent position in the display industry. These years' key research topic is the fringe field effect, which aims to improve the LCD's performance. A new LCD structure utilizing the fringe field effect has been identified as a promising solution. This structure allows for the control of the electromagnetic field of the liquid crystal cell by regulating the voltage of the ring‐shaped and circular‐patch cell (RCC). This innovative structure is comprised of nematic liquid crystals (LCs) with negative dielectric anisotropy, a two‐electrode system consisting of a ring‐shaped ITO structure on the top layer and a circular patch structure on the bottom layer, and a SiO2 porous structure. Finite element simulation tests have verified the electric field strength, transmittance, and contrast of the cell and the 2x2 matrix structure, meeting the design objectives. This breakthrough has significant potential for application in the display field.