Thin Body Research Articles

Process optimization for hot forging of difficult parts by computer experiments and response surface analysis

Closed die hot forging of 304L stainless steel is difficult compared to carbon and micro-alloyed steels in terms of higher forming force and defects. An appropriate combination of design and process factors including cross-section diameter, initial billet temperature, and flash land thickness is crucial to minimize the forming force without causing any under-filling or folding defects. This paper aims to develop an optimized closed-die hot forging process for long, thin, and tubular rail body components used in gasoline direct injection systems. The effects on the forging load are investigated using computer experiments containing the finite element method under a full factorial array of three factors at three levels to obtain the main and interaction effects. Linear and quadratic surface response analyses are performed to define the relation between forging load and input factors, and finally, the simulations are validated with some limited experiments. The simulation results that fit the nonlinear regression model were in close agreement with the experiments, and an optimal set of parameters is conveniently proposed for industrial production.

Prevalence, patterns, and determinants of body image dissatisfaction among female undergraduate students of University of Delhi.

ABSTRACTBackground:Body image is an essential aspect of young girls’ self-definition and individual identity and is influenced by multitude of factors including cultural, social, cognitive, affective, and biological. In recent times, excessive concern about the body image has been reported and the prevalence of body image dissatisfaction (BID) has increased among adolescent and young girlsObjectives:The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of BID, its pattern and the factors associated with it among female undergraduate students and also to assess the level of concern about their body imageMethods:This cross-sectional study was conducted among 180 female undergraduate students using a contour drawing rating scale and a body shape questionnaire to assess BID and its pattern, and the level of concern about body image, respectively. Binary logistic regression was applied to identify the factors determining body image perceptionResults:The prevalence of body mage dissatisfaction was 76.7% with overweight and obesity, and media influences being significantly associated with it. Nutritional status, mother’s educational status, and media influences were the determinants. Body shape concerns were found among 30.6% of the participants out of which 7.3% reported marked to moderate concernsConclusions:Our findings highlighted a higher prevalence of perceived dissatisfaction with the body image and also that it is not simply the outcome of sociocultural pressure to conform to a certain body type but is the result of a complex interaction between individual differences in actual body mass and preference for a thin body ideal.

Nutritional assessment of cancer patients in palliative care is a key element in comprehensive care and survival

Introduction: palliative care has been linked to the management of patients without a curative option. The detection of malnutrition allows establishing nutritional intervention strategies to make an adequate use of resources and contribute to support measures. Objective: to describe changes in nutritional status and their impact on survival in patients with cancer disease under palliative care. Methods: descriptive observational study of a retrospective cohort. The patients had stage IV cancer disease, Karnofsky index ≤70 and a survival prognosis <6 months. A complete nutritional assessment was carried out and they were followed for one year. The nutritional status and its characteristics, the presence of cachexia and the median survival at one year were described. Results: of 256 patients at the beginning of the follow-up, 60,9 % had some degree of malnutrition, which increased to 71,9 % at the end of the follow-up. There was an increase in patients with a thin body mass index (BMI) (+7.6%, p = 0.04) and a decrease in patients with excess weight (overweight -3.6%, p = 0, 24; and obesity -2.6%, p = 0.17). Overall survival at 1 year was 60 % (95% CI: 53-65). Conclusion: malnutrition was frequent in patients under palliative care (60,9 %) and increased throughout the follow-up. Differences were observed between the complete nutritional diagnosis and BMI, which can lead to a misclassification of the diagnosis and a decrease in the effectiveness of cancer treatment.

Социокультурные стереотипы как фактор становления образа тела у девочек дошкольного возраста

Objective. We hypothesized that even short-term interaction with images that broadcast stereotypes of an unrealistically thin body may shift girls’ self-reference of body image to a thinner one. Background. Modern standards of body image, broadcast through the media, toys and other products for children, are unattainable for most people. Among such standards is the stereotype of an unrealistically thin body. Its presence makes girls perceive their bodies in a distorted manner and contributes to the formation of an extremely rigid self-ideal. Study design. The work experimentally assumes the influence of sociocultural stereotypes on the body image of preschool girls. The idea of H. Dittmar, E. Halliwell and S. Ive was used for the experiment. At the first stage, all children were examined using the "Silhouettes" technique. After 2 weeks, the girls of the experimental group were given coloring books with the image of Barbie. Girls in the control group were given neutral coloring pages with animals. After the children were coloring for 30 minutes, their body image was re-examined using the "Silhouettes" technique. Participants. Russian sample: 100 girls aged 5—6 years. All the children have a normal for their age body mass index. Measurements. Psychodiagnostic technique "Silhouettes". To compare distributions in independent samples, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used, in dependent samples, the Kolmogorov test of agreement was used. Results. The results showed that a sample of Russian-speaking preschoolers, as well as their peers around the world, internalize unrealistic stereotypes of physicality by the age of 5—6. Conclusions. Interactions with images of an unrealistically thin body shift the distribution of choices for the "my body" and "ideal body" categories toward thinner images.

A Novel Mathematical Model for Fracturing Effect Evaluation Based on Early Flowback Data in Shale Oil Reservoirs

For shale oil reservoirs, the horizontal well multistage fracturing technique is mostly used to reform the reservoir in order to achieve economic and effective development. The size of the reservoir reconstruction volume and the quantitative characterization of the fracture system are of great significance to accurately predict the productivity of shale oil wells. There are few flowback models for shale oil reservoirs. To solve this problem, first, a physical model of the simultaneous production of oil, gas, and water in the early flowback stage of shale oil development is established using the material balance equation for a fracture system. Second, the physical model of the underground fracture system is simplified, which is approximately regarded as a thin cylindrical body with a circular section. The flow of the fluid in the fracture system is approximately regarded as radial flow. In this model, the expansion of the fluid and the closure of the fracture are defined as integrated storage coefficients to characterize the storage capacity of the fracture system. Then, the curves illustrating the relationships between the oil-water ratio and the cumulative oil production and between the gas-water ratio and the cumulative gas production are drawn, and the curves are used to divide the flowback stage into an early stage and a late stage because the flowback process of shale oil wells exhibits obvious stage characteristics. Finally, the reservoir reconstruction volume and the related hydraulic fracture parameters are estimated based on the material balance method, and the rationality of the model is verified via numerical simulation. The interpretation results of this novel model are more accurate, making it an effective way to evaluate the hydraulic fracture parameters and transformation effect, and it has guiding significance for the evaluation of the hydraulic fracturing effect in the field.

Effects of Instagram Body Portrayals on Attention, State Body Dissatisfaction, and Appearance Management Behavioral Intention

ABSTRACT Research has suggested that Instagram is detrimental to one’s body image and health, as a result of its image-driven nature and the social comparisons that are commonly made between users’ bodies and the bodies they see portrayed. This study was designed to provide a better understanding of the effects of thin and fat body types portrayed in Instagram posts. This was done by examining how such body type portrayals influence attention to the posts, in addition to influencing outcomes such as body dissatisfaction and appearance management behavioral intentions. A total of 309 college students viewed 30 Instagram posts in an online experiment with a 2 (portrayed body type: thin vs. fat) X 15 (message repetition) within-subjects design. The findings indicate that thin-body portrayals increase audience self-reported attention to the posts and state body dissatisfaction, but female users who self-perceive themselves as fat report a similar level of attention to the posts regardless of portrayed body types. Additionally, Instagram use (defined as the number of photos users personally post) is found to moderate the effects of the body portrayals.

Positive body perception and its link to sexual satisfaction in aging women - findings from the Women 40+ Healthy Aging Study

ABSTRACT Research on the relation between physical appearance and sexual satisfaction in aging women is scarce. This study uniquely links attractiveness, body perception, and sexual satisfaction in 124 healthy aging women. Two-thirds reported being highly sexually satisfied. BMI and fat mass correlated significantly with sexual satisfaction. Weight and shape concerns moderated this relationship, affecting sexual satisfaction beyond the effect of body size and composition. Given the “unattractive stereotype” of older women related to the enduring social beauty ideal of a youthful and thin body, positive body perceptions in light of age-associated bodily changes should be promoted.

“Bargaining with the status quo”: Reinforcing and expanding femininities in the #bodypositive movement

ABSTRACT Contemporary representations of beauty in the United States emphasize a feminine ideal that is white, thin, able-bodied, cisgender, heterosexual, and young. However, with the advent of hashtag feminism, body positive influencers have sought to challenge the idealization of thin bodies and encourage people to rethink the boundaries of ideal femininity by positing an alternative esthetic that celebrates bodies in varying shapes and sizes. Drawing on interviews with 12 body positive influencers and an examination of 159 Instagram posts, the author examines how body positive influencers modify stereotypical understandings of femininity. The results suggest that challenging femininity and beauty in the body positive movement requires negotiation. While body positive influencers seek to expand the boundaries of femininity to include fat bodies, they also reinforce some traditional norms of femininity. However, interviews with influencers suggest that Instagram images read as reinforcing patriarchal femininity are misinterpreted queer femme imagery. By conducting both a content analysis of Instagram posts and interviews, this research captures a more nuanced understanding of the body positive movement—one that not only enforces patriarchal femininity, but also redefines femininity through fat femme representation.

Cafeteria Online: Nudges for Healthier Food Choices in a University Cafeteria-A Randomized Online Experiment.

Many people do not consume as much healthy food as recommended. Nudging has been identified as a promising intervention strategy to increase the consumption of healthy food. The present study analyzed the effects of three body shape nudges (thin, thick, or Giacometti artwork) on food ordering and assessed the mediating role of being aware of the nudge. Students (686) and employees (218) of a German university participated in an online experimental study. After randomization, participants visited a realistic online cafeteria and composed a meal for themselves. Under experimental conditions, participants were exposed to one out of three nudges while choosing dishes: (1) thin body shape, (2) thick body shape, and (3) the Giacometti artwork nudge. The Giacometti nudge resulted in more orders for salad among employees. The thin and thick body shape nudges did not change dish orders. Awareness of the nudge mediated the numbers of calories ordered when using the Giacometti or thin body shape nudges. These findings provide useful insights for health interventions in occupational and public health sectors using nudges. Our study contributes to the research on the Giacometti nudge by showing its effectiveness when participants are aware (it is effective under conditions where it is consciously perceived).

Cavity-enhanced InGaAs photo-FET with a metal gate reflector fabricated by wafer bonding on Si

Although an InGaAs photo field-effect transistor (photo-FET) is a promising solution for high-performance photodetector due to its internal gain mechanism, the reported opto-electrical performance is limited by the low absorption caused by its thin body thickness and unoptimized electrical properties. To overcome this limitation, an InGaAs photo-FET with a metal gate reflector was demonstrated to achieve both high electrical and optical performance. We designed and optimized a metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) structure with the metal gate reflector by using numerical calculation and process optimization. Thanks to the optimization of both electrical and optical characteristics, the InGaAs photo-FETs were successfully demonstrated at the wavelengths of 1305 nm and 1550 nm. Therefore, this wafer-bonded InGaAs photo-FET with the metal gate reflector is a promising candidate for a high-performance and broad-band SWIR photodetector on a Si CMOS platform.

Migrated and Impacted Foreign Body of Retropharyngeal Space: A Case Report.

Foreign body upper aerodigestive tract is a common presentation but foreign body migrating into retropharyngeal space is not only uncommon, but its management also differs and is challenging too. Here we present a case of a foreign body migrating into the retropharyngeal space which was removed intraorally. A 28- year old male patient presented with complaints of pain while swallowing following consumption of sausage and pork two days earlier to the onset of symptoms. X-Ray Neck AP and lateral view were done which revealed a thin metallic foreign body at the level of the T4 vertebra. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and rigid esophagoscopy were done in which a foreign body was not visualized in the esophageal lumen. NCCT neck was done which gave precise location and was removed intraorally with the patient in Rose position. A repeat x-ray was done on the 5th day which revealed no foreign body, the patient was discharged on the 7th day. Although the upper aerodigestive tract foreign body is common, foreign body migrating to the posterior pharyngeal wall or into the retropharyngeal space is not common and it is difficult to remove a migrated foreign body many cases requiring open procedures, thoracoscopy, thoracotomy.

Implicit approach‐avoidance tendencies toward food and body stimuli absent in individuals with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and healthy controls

Body and food-related information are thought to activate cognitive biases and contribute to the maintenance of eating disorders (ED). Approach-avoidance biases may play an important role in the maintenance of dietary restriction and excessive food intake. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine approach-avoidance biases toward food and body stimuli in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and healthy controls (HC). The study included 42 individuals with AN, 24 individuals with BN, and 38 HCs. We used two implicit Approach-Avoidance Tasks (AAT) to assess approach-avoidance biases: participants completed a Food-AAT (high-calorie vs. low-calorie food) and a Body-AAT (thin vs. normal weight bodies). Additionally, explicit ratings of food and body stimuli were assessed. There were no significant Group×Stimulus×Direction interactions in the implicit Food-AAT or implicit Body-AAT. In explicit ratings, individuals with AN and BN reported less urge to eat and more regret if they ate high-calorie and low-calorie food; individuals with AN and BN rated normal weight bodies as less normal weight, less attractive and less desirable than HCs. There were no group differences in explicit ratings of the thin body. We did not find evidence for biased approach-avoidance tendencies toward food or body stimuli in individuals with AN or BN. Future studies are necessary to understand conflicting findings regarding approach-avoidance biases toward food and body stimuli in individuals with ED.

Metacyclogenesis defects and gene expression hallmarks of histone deacetylase 4-deficient Trypanosoma cruzi cells

Trypanosoma cruzi—the causative agent of Chagas disease—like other kinetoplastids, relies mostly on post-transcriptional mechanisms for regulation of gene expression. However, trypanosomatids undergo drastic changes in nuclear architecture and chromatin structure along their complex life cycle which, combined with a remarkable set of reversible histone post-translational modifications, indicate that chromatin is also a target for control of gene expression and differentiation signals in these organisms. Chromatin-modifying enzymes have a direct impact on gene expression programs and DNA metabolism. In this work, we have investigated the function of T. cruzi histone deacetylase 4 (TcHDAC4). We show that, although TcHDAC4 is not essential for viability, metacyclic trypomastigote TcHDAC4 null mutants show a thin cell body and a round and less condensed nucleus located very close to the kinetoplast. Sixty-four acetylation sites were quantitatively evaluated, which revealed H2AT85ac, H4K10ac and H4K78ac as potential target sites of TcHDAC4. Gene expression analyses identified three chromosomes with overrepresented regions of differentially expressed genes in the TcHDAC4 knockout mutant compared with the wild type, showing clusters of either up or downregulated genes. The adjacent chromosomal location of some of these genes indicates that TcHDAC4 participates in gene expression regulation during T. cruzi differentiation.

The Influence of Local Heating of Incident Flow on Level of Sonic Boom from Thin Body in Wind Shadow behind a Disk

The Influence of Local Heating of Incident Flow on Level of Sonic Boom from Thin Body in Wind Shadow behind a Disk

Studi kasus : enteritis pada kambing di kabupaten Blitar

A male goat aged 1 year was reported to have had 1 day of stool mixed with blood, decreased appetite and drinking, hair loss, thin body condition, soft stool consistency, lice, and liver worms. On further examination, temperature checks and other physical examinations were carried out, where the temperature of the goat was 39.0 and for physical examination of the goat there were lice, dull buu, and experienced weight loss so that it looked thin. Infusion of RL and Dextrose 5% SC, Bio ATP and B Complex 10 ml IM, Penstrep 7 ml IM, and Verm-O 1 tab Oral.

«Персидские» и «римские» собаки в средневековом Китае

Historical and literary works and archaeological materials (such as pottery figurines, tomb murals and reliefs, paintings etc.) recorded the spread of foreign dog breeds in the territory of China since the period of the Northern dynasties and their highest popularity among Chinese upper class during Tang epoch. At the present time there is information about two breeds — “Persian” dogs and “Roman” dogs. “Persian” dogs (Bosi gou, Bosi quan) were the hunting dogs with a thin elongated body, long legs, short-haired, probably, related to Saluki. “Roman” dogs (Fulin gou, Fulin quan) were miniature dogs with short body and legs, long-haired, black and white spotted, probably, originated from Maltese dogs. They performed a decorative function and served as companions of women and children. Apparently, originally both “Persian” and “Roman” dogs were imported into China along the Silk Road via Sogdian city-states of Central Asia and the states of Western Regions (Xiyu). Later, the breeding of these dogs started in China in order to meet the demand for the prestigious home pets among the Chinese elite.

As denominações para libélula, no Atlas Linguístico do Brasil: um estudo sobre a motivação dos signos

The names attributed to the libelula (dragonfly), - long, thin body insect, with four transparent wings, which flies and hits the back in the water - Question 85 of the QSL of the Linguistic Atlas of Brazil, they exemplify the complex variational system of the lexicon of Brazilian Portuguese (PB), reflecting facts from the socio-history of each region and, even, each location and each individual. The variants registered in ALiB, in the capitals, suggest that the insect’s name is, in general, of metaphorical basis, motivated by its physical aspect, sound, movements and, equally, through mental associations/analogies with similar ones, resulting, in most cases, in transparent signs. In order to ratify or, perhaps, rectify the results of the capitals, in this work, we analyzed the data collected in the interior of the country from 900 informants, making a total of 225 locations. With the support of this corpus, guided by the theoretical and methodological principles of Lexicography and Semantics, we aim to: (i) verify the dictionary entries of the forms obtained; (ii) describe the variants in terms of morphological aspects; and (iii) analyze these denominations from the perspective of motivational semantics.

Photoelectric Characterization of Intended Source UTBB 1 T FDSOI Based Image Sensor

This paper presents the photoelectrical performance evaluation of proposed intended sourceUltra Thin Body Bias (UTBB) 1 T-FDSOI based image sensor and also a comparative analysis has done with conventional 1 T-UTBB based image sensor [1]. The photoelectrical conversion in proposed image sensor is achieved by utilizing back biasing in intended source UTBBFDSOI based MOSFET. Inthe proposedintended source Ultra Thin Body Bias (UTBB) 1 T-FDSOI based image sensor,the photoelectrical conversion is done within the substrate region (well region) and that signal is read out by MOSFET placed on SOI substrate. The comparative analysis between proposed image sensor and conventional 1 T-UTBB based image sensor has performed on the basis of various parameters such as back-bias voltage, thickness of buried oxide (BOX) layer and doping concentration. In this investigation the proposed image sensor has found better light sensitivity in contrast with conventional image sensor. The performance evaluation of proposed image sensor has done by TCAD simulations.

Biometric indices and population parameters of three polynemid fishes from Batang Lassa Estuary of East Malaysia.

The length-weight relationships (LWRs), condition factor (Kn), growth, mortality and exploitation status of three polynemid fishes, i.e., Filimanus xanthonema (Valenciennes, 1831), Polynemus melanochir (Valenciennes, 1831) and Polynemus paradiseus (Linnaeus, 1758) from Batang Lassa River estuary were estimated. Fish samples were caught during April 2019 to September 2020 using the ESBN (locally called Gnian) having 1.25 to 4.00 cm mesh size. The total length (TL) and body weight of each individual fish was measured to the nearest 0.1 cm and 0.01 g respectively. The growth coefficients (b) for F. xanthonema, P. melanochir and P. paradiseus, were 2.880, 2.717 and 2.724 with the R2 values 0.956, 0.972 and 0.936 respectively. Estimated growth coefficients indicated a negative allometric growth pattern for all three threadfin fishes. To date, information regarding length-weight relationships for F. xanthonema and P. melanochir is insufficient whereas the information is available for P. paradiseus. About 40–48% of fishes exhibited flat or thin body shape (Kn < 1), 48–50% were rounded or fat (Kn > 1) and only 1–3% of fishes showed proportional body shape (Kn = 1). The growth parameters L∞, K and ϕ’ were estimated at 15.75 cm, 0.95 yr−1 and 2.37 for F. xanthonema; 27.61 cm 0.87 yr−1 and 2.82 for P. melanochir; and 27.30 cm, 0.58 yr−1 and 2.64 for P. paradiseus; respectively. The estimated natural mortality (M) included 2.10, 1.69 and 1.30 yr−1; the fishing mortality (F) 0.57, 0.67 and 0.60 yr−1; and exploitation ratio (E) 0.21, 0.28 and 0.31 for F. xanthonema, P. melanochir and P. paradiseus respectively. The study concluded that the stocks are still under exploitation (E < 0.5) condition. However, the studied Batang Lassa estuary could be a potential nursery ground considering the minimum lengths of 5.0, 3.8 and 4.0 cm for F. xanthonema, P. melanochir and P. paradiseus respectively. Therefore, management initiatives are needed to escape juvenile catches.

Blinded by bodies: Elevated eating disorder symptomatology is associated with increased attentional priority for thin bodies

Selective processing of female thin-ideal body imagery is associated with greater body dissatisfaction, and eating disorder-specific rumination has been shown to mediate this relationship. Across two studies, we employed a modified rapid serial visual presentation task (similar to that used within the emotion-induced blindness literature), such that participants searched for a task-relevant target that was sometimes preceded by a thin body, non-thin body, or neutral task-irrelevant distractor. Our first experiment (N = 372) revealed a “body-induced blindness” in an unselected female sample, such that bodies in general distracted attention more than neutral images, and non-thin bodies distracted more than thin-ideal bodies. In our second experiment, female participants were selected based on eating disorder symptomatology (N = 114). Females that exhibited elevated eating disorder symptoms were distracted more by thin bodies compared to those low in symptomatology, greater distraction from thin bodies was associated with greater body dissatisfaction, and this relationship was mediated by eating disorder-specific rumination. Altogether, our findings illustrate the persistent nature of attentional distortions that occur early in cognitive processing and across time for those high in eating disorder symptomatology.