Fat Tissue Thickness Research Articles

Is there a relationship between epicardial fat tissue thickness and Tp-Te/QT ratio in healthy individuals?

IntroductionEpicardial fat is a tissue that releases many proinflammatory and atherogenic mediators, with endocrine and paracrine effects on the heart. In this study, the implication of the EFT thickness (EFTt) on transmural dispersion of repolarisation (TDR) was analysed utilizing the T-wave peak to end interval (Tp-Te), the Tp-Te dispersion (Tp-Te (d)), and the Tp-Te/QT ratio.Material and methodsOne thousand seven hundred and thirteen subjects were enrolled in the research. The subjects were chosen to be healthy individuals, without any cardiovascular/systemic disorders or risk factors for atherosclerosis. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was applied to all subjects, and EFTt was measured in both diastole and systole. The ECG measurements were taken from standard 12-lead surface ECG.ResultsCorrelation analysis revealed that the EFTt is highly associated with the Tp-Te interval, Tp-Te/QT ratio, Tp-Te (d), increasing age, body mass index (BMI), body surface area (BSA), left ventricular (LV) mass, LV mass index, plasma glucose during fasting, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.ConclusionsThe study results showed that increased EFTt was associated with increased TDR values of Tp-Te, Tp-Te (d), and Tp-Te/QT ratio, even in the absence of other factors that could increase TDR and EFTt. Therefore, it can be stated that increased EFTt may cause an increase the risk for ventricular arrhythmia.

Serum oxidative stress level correlates with epicardial adipose tissue thickness in heart failure-reduced ejection fraction patients

Aim: In the course of heart failure, various inflammatory cytokines are secreted and oxidative stress occurs. The source of some produced cytokines is epicardial fat tissue (EFT). There is a positive correlation between EFT thickness and metabolic activity. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between oxidative stress and epicardial fat tissue thickness in patients with heart failure.Material and Methods: A total of 36 patients with heart failure-reduced ejection fraction as study group and 36 subjects without heart failure as control group were included in the study. Biochemical blood analyses and echocardiographic examinations were performed.Results: The NT-proBNP level in the heart failure-reduced ejection fraction group was significantly higher than the control group (6506.8±11214.3, 116.5±185.6, respectively, p0.001). The total oxidant status level in the heart failure-reduced ejection fraction group was significantly higher than the control group (14.5±3.7, 10.3±2.0, respectively, p0.001). The total antioxidant capacity level in the heart failure-reduced ejection fraction group was significantly lower than the control group (7.2±2.8, 14.4±8.7, respectively, p0.001). The EFT thickness level in the heart failure-reduced ejection fraction group was significantly higher than the control group (0.78 / (0.67-0.85), 0.51 / (0.37-0.66), respectively, p0.001).Conclusions: Oxidative stress was higher in patients with heart failure and similarly the EFT thickness was found to be increased.

Ultrasound imaging for measuring muscle and subcutaneous fat tissue thickness of the anterior thigh: a 2 year longitudinal study in middle age

AbstractBackgroundUltrasound (US) imaging technique is widely used in research and clinical settings to assess the morphology and morphometry of neuromusculoskeletal structures. The technique has reported validity and reliability in measuring the size of various muscles under controlled conditions. The aim of the present study was to assess anterior thigh thickness using US imaging, in a healthy cohort of middle‐aged older adults.MethodsParticipants included 17 healthy older adults involved in regular moderate‐vigorous activities (age range 39–66 years). US imaging scans of the anterior thighs 2 years since baseline measurements were performed. Images were analysed offline to compare US imaging measurements of muscle thickness and subcutaneous fat (SF) of the anterior thigh taken at baseline and after 2 years.ResultsThere was no significant difference between muscle thickness measurements taken at baseline and after 2 years (mean, standard deviation; baseline = 2.80 ± 0.71 cm; follow‐up = 2.77 ± 0.72 cm, P = 0.33). There was also no significant change in SF thickness (baseline = 1.04 ± 0.41 cm; follow‐up = 1.06 ± 0.40, P = 0.33).ConclusionsThe results show that there was no decline in anterior thigh muscle thickness or increase in SF in the healthy cohort studied using US imaging over a 2 year period. These findings demonstrate the robustness of US imaging measurements over time.

The Relationship Between The Electromyographic Activity Of Rectus And Oblique Abdominal Muscles And Bioimpedance Body Composition Analysis - A Pilot Observational Study.

PurposeMeasurements using surface electromyography (sEMG) may be more complicated when the different thickness of the subcutaneous tissue layer is observed, therefore it is important to show the influence of fat tissue on the results of sEMG measurements. The main aim of the study was to assess the relationship between the sEMG RMS value of rectus and external oblique muscles of the abdomen and the composition of the body, which was assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis.Patients and methodsThe target group was made up of healthy people aged 20-30-year-old. The study visit protocol of the participants was as follows: a medical history, instructions on the purpose of measurements and examination procedures, obtaining consent for participation in the research, an analysis of the body weight composition by the electrical bioimpedance method, a fat tissue thickness measurement using body fat calipers, preparation of the subject for sEMG measurements (sEMG RMS value of rectus and external oblique abdominal muscles).ResultsTwenty-nine people were qualified for the study according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. sEMG amplitudes decreased when the person had a higher fat content and had less water in the body. These results were related to the rectus abdominal muscle (mainly its upper part) during the active contraction of this muscle. In addition, it was observed that when actively bent their torsos forward people with a higher BMI and with a greater thickness of fat tissue had a lower sEMG RMS value of the rectus abdominal muscle.ConclusionIn order to conduct reliable examinations using sEMG, parameters concerning the amount of fat tissue, the thickness of fat tissue, BMI and amount of water in the body should be taken into account.

Polyglycolic acid sutures embedded in abdominal acupoints for treatment of simple obesity in adults: a randomized control trial

BackgroundAcupoint catgut embedding therapy characterized by acupoint, needle and catgut are superior to traditional acupuncture, due to exerting more comprehensive therapeutic efficacy. However, it is still deficient in clinical evidence for polyglycolic acid sutures, a novel biodegradable material instead of catgut, embedded for the treatment of simple obesity. In our study, we investigate the efficacy and related mechanism of polyglycolic acid sutures embedded in abdominal acupoints on simple obese persons by a randomized control trial.MethodsA total of 51 eligible participators were randomly allocated to a polyglycolic acid sutures embedding therapy (PASET) group (n = 28) or control group (n = 23). Participators in PASET group received polyglycolic acid sutures alternatively embedded in abdominal I group and II group acupoints in odd and even number therapeutic courses, and participators in control group were required to perform lifestyle modification. The duration of the study was 10 weeks.ResultsIt suggested that PASET significantly reduced weight, body mass index, hip circumference, waist circumference, waist/hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio and thickness of abdominal subcutaneous fat tissue compared with those before treatment (p < 0.01), but lifestyle modification only illustrated downward trend of weight (p < 0.05). Moreover, PASET group also improved the evaluated scores in aspects of physical function, self-esteem, public distress and sexual life, as well as decreased blood pressure, glycemia, low density lipoprotein, uric acid and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1β, and increased high density lipoprotein in comparison with those before treatment (p < 0.05), whose efficacies are superior to control group. Additionally, our results also indicate PASET is relative safe and its pain and discomfort can be tolerable.ConclusionsPASET distinctly ameliorates anthropometric data and quality of life in obese population, which associates with improvements of metabolic profile and inflammatory response. Based on the advantageous actions, we think PASET is an effective therapeutic approach to simple obesity treatment.Trial registration ChiCTR, ChiCTR1800015591. Registered 10 April 2018, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=23258

Ultrasound imaging for measuring muscle and subcutaneous fat tissue thickness of the anterior thigh: A two-year longitudinal study in middle age

Background Ultrasound (US) imaging technique is widely used in research and clinical settings to assess the morphology and morphometry of neuromusculoskeletal structures. The technique has reported validity and reliability in measuring the size of various muscles under controlled conditions. The aim of the present study was to assess anterior thigh thickness using US imaging, in a healthy cohort of middle-aged older adults.Methods Participants included seventeen healthy older adults involved in regular moderate-vigorous activities (age range 39-66 years). US imaging scans of the anterior thighs two years since baseline measurements were performed. Images were analyzed off-line to compare US imaging measurements of muscle thickness and subcutaneous fat (SF) of the anterior thigh taken at baseline and after two years.Results There was no significant difference between muscle thickness measurements taken at baseline and after two years (Mean, standard deviation; baseline=2.80±0.71cm; follow-up=2.77±0.72cm, p=0.33). There was also no significant change in SF thickness (baseline=1.04±0.41cm; follow-up=1.06±0.40, p=0.33).Conclusions The results show there was no decline in anterior thigh muscle thickness or increase in SF in the healthy cohort studied using US imaging over a two-year period. These findings demonstrate the robustness of US imaging measurements over time.

An Ancillary Sign in the Diagnosis of Bankart and Bankart Variants in Patients With Glenohumeral Instability on Nonarthrographic Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Preglenoid Fat Thickness.

We investigated whether preglenoid fat thickness can be used as an ancillary sign for preliminary diagnosis of Bankart and its variants on nonarthrographic magnetic resonance imaging. Sixty-eight anterior dislocation patients were included in this retrospective study. Forty-eight patients with Bankart and its variants, as detected by arthroscopy and magnetic resonance arthrography, were included in the study group. The study group was divided into osseous Bankart, labral Bankart, Perthes, and anterior labroligamentous periosteal sleeve avulsion subgroups. Twenty patients with no detected labral pathologies by arthroscopy and magnetic resonance arthrography were included in the control group. In these patients, preglenoid fat tissue thickness at the anteroinferior portion was measured at the level of the glenoid tubercle. Thickness of preglenoid fat tissue was compared between groups with different labral pathologies and those with normal labrum. The preglenoid fat tissue thickness was 2.65 ± 1.05 mm in the control group and 0.90 ± 0.59 mm in the study group (P < 0.0001). Patients with preglenoid fat tissue thinner than 1.6 mm showed a significantly increased likelihood of having Bankart and its variants in receiver operating characteristic analysis (sensitivity of 95.8% and specificity of 85%). There was no significant difference in preglenoid fat tissue thickness between the subgroups of the study group (osseous Bankart, labral Bankart, Perthes, and anterior labroligamentous periosteal sleeve avulsion). Preglenoid fat tissue measurement can be used as an ancillary sign in the diagnosis of Bankart and Bankart variants in glenohumeral instability patients.

Can fetal abdominal visceral adipose tissue and subcutaneous fat thickness be used for correct estimation of fetal weight? A preliminary study

The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of a new formula for the calculation of an estimated fetal weight (EFW) and to evaluate value of fetal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and abdominal subcutaneous fat (SF) thickness on the prediction of birth weight. In this prospective study, fetal biometry, EFW, fetal VAT and SF thickness were measured in low-risk 37–41 gestational weeks pregnant women by ultrasonography. The linear regression analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between birth weight and obstetric measurements. It was found that the most important factors in the prediction of a birth weight were the abdominal circumference (AC), SF and VAT. The new formula for EFW was EFW = − 2748 . 622 + 13 . 811 * AC + 56 . 795 * SF + 17 . 913 * VAT According to the Hadlock 3 and the new formula, 92% and 95% of all fetal weight estimations were within 10% of actual birth weight, respectively. Measurement of VAT and SF thickness in prediction of fetal weight could reduce a weight estimation error. Impact statement What is already known on this subject? An accurate prediction of fetal weight during gestation provides useful information for assessing the fetal and newborn health status. As the detection of growth abnormalities is vital, there is a need for a reliable method of assessing birth weight during labour. Unfortunately, although different methods are available, a simple, quick and reliable method of assessing birth weight is still in debate. Fetal visceral adipose (VAT) tissue measurement is a new method which could be used for the correct estimation of fetal weight. Like adults, the VAT and subcutaneous fat tissue (SF) thickness could be correlated with the weight and body-mass index. What do the results of this study add? It was found that SF and VAT are important factors in the prediction of birth weight, like the abdominal circumference (AC). What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? The measurement of VAT and SF thickness in prediction of fetal weight could reduce a weight estimation error.

Kardiyak Sendrom X’li Hastalarda Epikardiyal Yağ Dokusu Kalınlığının ve Serum Omentin Seviyelerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Kardiyak Sendrom X’li Hastalarda Epikardiyal Yağ Dokusu Kalınlığının ve Serum Omentin Seviyelerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of ultrasound imaging for measuring quadriceps muscle and non-contractile tissue thickness of the anterior thigh

Objective: To determine intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of ultrasound imaging for measuring muscle and non-contractile (subcutaneous fat and perimuscular fascia) tissue thickness of the anterior thigh. Approach: Ultrasound imaging has been used for clinical research to assess the morphology and cross-sectional area of muscles and other musculoskeletal structures. Repeatability of measurements with the ultrasound imaging technique between operators and test re-test reliability are important and need to be established for specific muscles. Twenty-four healthy moderately active adults (aged 36–64 years), underwent B-mode ultrasound imaging by two investigators. The anterior thighs were scanned at a site two-thirds of the distance between the antero-superior iliac spine and the superior pole of the patella. Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICCs, model 3, 1 for inter-rater and 3, 2 for intra-rater reliability between-days) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was used to assess reliability. Main results: Inter-rater reliability of ultrasound imaging measurements were ICC3, 1 of 0.98 (95% CI: 0.95–0.99) for muscle thickness, 0.81 (95% CI: 0.60–0.91) for subcutaneous fat, 0.78 (95% CI: 0.56–0.90) for non-contractile tissue (subcutaneous fat combined with perimuscular fascia), and 0.70 (95% CI: 0.42–0.86) for perimuscular fascia. Intra-rater reliability values were ICC3, 2 0.96 (95% CI: 0.90–0.98) for muscle thickness, 0.99 (95% CI: 0.97–0.99) for subcutaneous fat, 0.98 (95% CI: 0.96–0.99) for non-contractile tissue, and −0.02 (95% CI: −0.41–0.38) for perimuscular fascia. Significance: The present findings indicate very high inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of ultrasound imaging thickness measurements of the quadriceps muscles and non-contractile tissue of the anterior thigh, while perimuscular fascia measurements alone were not reliable between days.

Is Epidural Fat Affected by Peripheric or Visceral Adipose Tissue? A Radiologic View

Objective: We evaluated adipose tissue distribution in different anatomical localizations by comparing with epidural fat tissue. Methods: Sixty patients’ (28 female and 32 male) included in our study had abdominal computerized tomography and lumbar magnetic resonance images evaluated retrospectively. Subcutaneous and intraabdominal fat tissue thickness was compared with perirenal and epidural fat. The relationship with demographic characteristics of patients was investigated. Results: Mean value of subcutaneous fat thicknesses were higher in females (29.9±24.2 mm in females and 16.2±24.5 mm in males), while perirenal fat tissue area was higher in males than females (2118.4±2327.1 mm2 and 1204.1±851.3 mm2 respectively). There was no significant difference in intraabdominal and perirenal fat tissue measurements according to gender (p=0.407, p=0.390; respectively). Also subcutaneous, intraabdominal and perirenal fat tissue measurements showed increments in association with gender (r=0.33, p=0.010; r=0.37, p=0.004; r=0.51, p=&amp;lt;0,001; respectively); however no relationship was detected with epidural fat area (p=0.519). Subcutaneous and intraabdominal fat thicknesses were not related with epidural fat (p values 0.434 and 0.271, respectively); and there was a statistical relationship between perirenal and epidural fat (p=0.010). Conclusions: Increases in subcutaneous and intraabdominal fat tissue thickness with waist circumference was an expected finding, but no correlation was detected with epidural fat. Thus, we think that the amount of epidural fat does not change with obesity. Also, we concluded that while perirenal fat measurements were higher in the male group and correlated with epidural fat, androgenic effects can play a role in changing the amount of perirenal and epidural fat tissue. This result may be helpful in management of epidural pathologies, though there is a need for supportive studies.

Association between ultrasonographically measured visceral fat tissue thickness and proinflammatory adipokines in obesity

Background/Aim. Obesity status can be assessed with numerous anthropometric, morphological and functional indices and this study was designed to assess relationship among them. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between anthropometric indices, ultrasonography measurement of visceral and subcutaneous fat tissue thickness and certain proinflammatory adipokines level. Methods. This cross-sectional study comprised a consecutive sample of 60 obese respondents without obesity-related comorbidities, and 20 age-matched healthy normal-weight controls. Anthropometric [body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), neck circumference (NC), body fat, a body shape index (ABSI)], and ultrasonographic indices [thickness of intraabdominal fatt tissue (IAFT), visceral fat (VF), maximum subcutaneous fat (Max SFT), minimal subcutaneous fat (Min SFT)], and serum levels of chemerin and resistin were assessed in all subjects. Results. All anthropometric indices showed statistically significant differences between study groups. The mean IAFT, Max SFT, Min SFT and VF were significantly higher in the obese group compared to controls (p &lt; 0.01, for all). Serum levels of chemerin and resistin correlated positively with BMI, percentage of fat adipose tissue (FAT, %), total FAT (kg), and VF (p &lt; 0.05, for all). Also, we observed significant correlation between resistin and NC (r = 0.23, p = 0.03) and ABSI (r = 0.22, p = 0.04). In multivariable linear regression analysis, chemerin (? = 0.23; p = 0.008) and resistin (? = 0.43; p =0.002) were independently and significantly associated only with VF. Conclusion. Obesity indices, both classical and newer ones, are in positive, statistically significant correlation with the level of proinflammatory cytokines. Ultrasonographically measured VF thickness, independently associated with adipokine levels, may improve assessment of proinflammatory fat tissue characteristics. Further studies are needed to precisely define the use of ultrasonographic fat tissue measurements into clinical practice.

Sexual activity of different gilt genotype groups of the Pulawska breed during oestrus

The aim of the study was to analyze sexual activities of gilts representing various genotype groups in the RBP4 and MC4R locus. Observations of gilt behaviour during the first and the second oestrus (before initiation of the reproduction phase) were carried out in the Pulawska breed from conservation breeding. The evaluation process comprised the duration of the heat as well as the intensity of heat behaviours. Polymorphism identification in RBP4 (SNP: rs55618789) and MC4R (SNP: rs81219178) genes was performed, which resulted in the identification of three (MC4R: AA, AG and GG) and two (RBP4: CC and CT) gilt genotype groups. Significantly varying sexual activities were observed: the most intensive heat symptoms were demonstrated by CT gilts in the course of the first (P ≤ 0.05) and second (P ≤ 0.01) oestrus (locus RBP4) reaching, on average, 2.15 ± 0.13 and 2.52 ± 0.13 pt. It was further determined that the heats of CT gilts lasted longer and this difference, in the second heat, was significant (P ≤ 0.01). In the case of the MC4R locus, significant differences in gilt sexual activities were observed only in the course of the second oestrus (P ≤ 0.05). In addition, a strong association was also demonstrated of AA (locus MC4R) and CC (locus RBP4) genotypes with the thickness of the subcutaneous fat tissue (P ≤ 0.05) amounting in these gilts to 11.57 ± 0.21 mm and 11.50 ± 0.19 mm, respectively.

The relationship between epicardial fat tissue thickness and red blood cell distribution width in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Aim: Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and epicardial fat tissue (EFT) are considered as a novel risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, their relationship in patients with type II diabetes mellitus (DM) has never investigated before. Materials and Methods: Our study was a single-center prospective study which included 159 diabetic patients and 153 healthy controls. Two-dimensional and M-mode echocardiographic examination was performed using standard apical, parasternal, and subcostal views in all the study participants. Results: EFT thickness and RDW were found to be significantly higher in diabetic patients compared to controls (4.3 ± 1.1 mm vs. 3.7 ± 1.0 mm P = 0.001 and 13.5 ± 0.7 vs. 13.2 ± 0.9 P = 0.044, respectively). EFT thickness and RDW were positively correlated. RDW value of 13.55 predicted EFT thickness >5 mm with a sensitivity of 61.7% and specificity of 58.8% (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.649 and P = 0.001). HgA1C value of >7 predicted EFT thickness ≥4.15 mm with a sensitivity of 60.7% and specificity of 60.4% (AUC: 0.651 and P

Epicardial fat thickness: A new predictor of successful electrical cardioversion and atrial fibrillation recurrence.

In recent years, epicardial fat tissue (EFT) has been found to be strongly associated with the development of atrial fibrillation (AF) and post-ablation long-term recurrence. The current study investigated the procedural success rate of electrical cardioversion (ECV) and potential predictors of treatment failure in patients with nonvalvular persistent AF. A total of 262 nonvalvular persistent AF patients who were scheduled for elective ECV were included in this prospective study. Routine transthoracic echocardiography was performed before the procedure and EFT thickness was measured. The presence of left atrial appendage thrombus was evaluated by transesophageal echocardiography. The patients were followed up for 6months to examine any recurrence after ECV. The success rate of ECV was 85% and the recurrence rate was 35% during the 6-month follow-up period. The mean EFT thickness was 8.67±1.2mm in the persistent AF group with unsuccessful ECV and 6.81±0.8 in the patients in whom sinus rhythm (SR) was maintained, the EFT was significantly thicker in the AF group (P=0.001). EFT (P=0.001) and left ventricular end-diastolic diameters (LVEDD) (P=0.001) were significantly different between those who had maintained SR and those with recurrent AF during the 6-month follow-up period after ECV. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, LVEDD (odds ratio [OR]: 1.320 (1.023-1.703 95% confidence interval [CI]), P=0.032)] and EFT [OR: 3.029 (1.013-9.055 95% CI), P=0.047)] were identified as independent predictors of successful ECV. Epicardial fat tissue thickness can be effectively used for the prediction of successful ECV and AF recurrence during follow-up in AF patients.

Effects of the extracorporeal shock wave therapy on the skin: an experimental study.

Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) has been extensively studied for its multiple biological properties, and although it is widely applied in esthetical procedures, little is known about its effects on the epidermis and dermis. In this study, a histological and immunohistochemical study of the effects of ESWT was performed on rat skin. Forty-five female rats were treated with one or two sessions of ESWT and sacrificed on days 1, 7, 14, and 21 after treatment. The samples were histologically processed and then morphometric analyses were performed to assess the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous fat tissue thickness. Immunohistochemical reactions were also performed against the antibodies: basic fibroblastic growth factor (FGF2), its receptor (FGFR1), and α-smooth muscle actin. Slides were scanned and digitally assessed, to determine the microvessel density (MVD) and digital scoring of the immunohistochemical staining. The results showed that ESWT produced a significantly higher collagen content, MVD, and epidermis and dermis thickness than the control, non-treated group. Both in epidermis and dermis, FGF2 was overexpressed in the ESWT-treated groups, whereas FGFR1 was increased only in the group treated with two ESWT sessions at 21-days post-treatment. The ESWT-treated groups have also shown diminished thickness of subcutaneous fat tissue. In conclusion, ESWT induces neocollagenesis and neoangiogenesis, and upregulates the FGF2 expression, particularly in the groups treated with two sessions. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that overexpression of FGF2 on skins treated with ESWT seems to be a key role on its mechanism of action.

The Relation Between Epicardial Fat Tissue Thickness and TSH Receptor Antibody in Hyperthyroidism.

Although hyperthyroidism may be associated with atherosclerosis, its pathogenesis is not well known. TSH receptor antibody (TRAb) has been shown to be responsible for increased orbital fat tissue in Graves ophthalmopathy. Epicardial fat tissue thickness (EFT) has been found to be increased in case of overt hyperthyroidism. In our study, we aimed to investigate if TRAb is associated with the increased EFT in newly diagnosed hyperthyroidism. Twenty six TRAb positive (group 1) and 26 TRAb negative (group 2) newly diagnosed patients with hyperthyroidism, and 26 healthy control subjects (group 3) were enrolled. EFT was measured by the same cardiologist using an echocardiography device. Serum TRAb levels were measured by the radio-receptor assay and levels above 1.75 IU/L were considered as positive. There was no difference among groups in terms of age, gender and body mass index. Although there was no significant difference between group 1 and 2, both group 1 (0.38±0.15 cm) and group 2 (0.4±0.17 cm) had significantly higher EFT levels when compared to group 3 (0.25±0.06 cm) (p=0.004 and p=0.001, respectively). However we did not find any correlation between TRAb and EFT levels. The results of our study suggested that EFT was increased in hyperthyroidism and this increasing was not dependent of TRAb level. EFT elevation might be depending directly to the cardiovascular effects of hyperthyroidism.

Computed tomography assessment of pancreatic steatosis in association with anthropometric measurements: A retrospective cohort study

Aim: Pancreatic steatosis is the fat accumulation in the pancreatic parenchyma. It is suggested that pancreatic fat infiltration may play an important role in the prognosis of diseases such as diabetes, malignancy and pancreatitis, leading to some inflammatory processes and fibrosis, and may even play an etiological role in the progress of pancreas-related diseases. However, a limited number of studies on pancreatic steatosis are available in the literature.The aim of this study was to investigate the relation of pancreatic steatosis with age, sex, hepatic steatosis, subcutaneous fat tissue and visceral fat tissue thickness.Methods: Hundred patients without a history of previously known pancreas disease or diabetes mellitus were included in the study. All patients had gone under abdominal tomography scan for a suspected kidney stone. Pancreas density, visceral and subcutaneous fat tissue thickness were reviewed retrospectively. The presence of coexisting hepatosteatosis was investigated.Results: Pancreatic steatosis was detected in 54% of 100 cases examined. There were no significant difference between the pancreatic steatosis and normal pancreas groups in terms of gender and subcutaneous fat tissue thickness (p=0.115 and p=0.511, respectively). Pancreatic steatosis increased significantly with increasing age and visceral fat tissue thickness (p=0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). The incidence of hepatic steatosis was 42% in patients with pancreatic steatosis. Conclusion: According to our results, pancreatic steatosis increases with age and increased visceral fat tissue thickness. Thus, elderly patients with increased visceral fat tissue must be investigated for pancreatic steatosis.

RISK FACTORS OF CORONARY ARTERIES RESTENOSIS AFTER STENTING IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN WITH OBESITY

Aim. To assess the preoperational risk factors (RF) most significantly related to coronary arteries (CA) restenosis in postmenopausal women with obesity. Material and methods. To the study, 94 women included, age 44-70 y.o. (55,44±6,3 y.o.) with obesity of I-III grade by WHO (2003), and CHD: stable angina II-IV functional class, with indicated stenting of one of CA. Group 1 (n=19) consisted of restenosis patients with restenosis in the zone CA stenting; group 2 (n=65) — no restenosis and no other cardiovascular complications (CVC). In the comparison groups, analysis of the main and additional RF was done, and with the logistic regression — search for the most adverse RF combination related to CA restenosis in women with obesity and post-menopause. Results. In the group 1 patients, during the post-surgery period, the highest levels of glucose were found (р=0,044), of blood insulin (р=0,036), index HOMA-IR (р=0,052), lipoprotein^) (р=0,003), interleukin-6 (р=0,003), tumor necrosis factor а (р=0,001), leptin (р=0,003), and older age (p=0,01). Most adverse RF combination related to CA restenosis, were epicardial fat tissue thickness, insulin and age. Conclusion. The revealed RF combination makes it to select most perspective and rational schemes of medication and non-medication prevention of CA restenosis. The data is a worthy material for further research on the roles of neurohumoral and pro-inflammatory activity of visceral fat tissue in CVC risk in obesity patients.

Abstract P-607: MAY TRANSCUTANEOUS PCO2 (PtcCO2) MEASUREMENT BE GOLD STANDARD NON-INVASIVE METHOD IN MECHANICALLY VENTILATED PATIENTS? DO PATIENT RELATED FACTORS INFLUENCE THE RELIABILITY OF MEASUREMENTS?

Aims & Objectives: The current gold standard method for measurement of partial carbon dioxide pressure (PCO2) is arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis. However ABG is an invasive method and does not provide continuous monitoring. Transcutaneous PCO2 (PtcCO2) and end-tidal PCO2 (PetCO2) measurements serve as alternatives to arterial PCO2 (PaCO2) method and provide continuous monitoring. Transcutaneous carbon dioxide monitor measures CO2 which diffused from capillary lumen to the membrane of the monitor found on skin by heat induced vasodilatation. The objective of this study is to evaluate the correlation between PtcCO2 and PetCO2 methods with the gold standard ABG analysis. We also aimed to assess the variability of PtcCO2 measurements with patient related factors including age, weight, sex, laboratory findings, skin and subcutaneous fat tissue thickness and also different disease spectrum like pulmonary and non pulmonary causes. Methods Non-invasive PetCO2 and transcutaneous PtcCO2 measurements and invasive ABG analysis were measured in intubated patients admitted to Istanbul Medeniyet University Hospital pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). The results were recorded after sensor fixation at three locations and compared with ABG analysis measured similtanously. Patient demographic characteristics, clinical and laboratory parameters, skin and subcutaneous tissue thickness were identified. Results There was more potent correlation between PtcCO2 and ABG compared to PetCO2. (p<0,001). Neither sensor location nor patient related factors causes statistically significant differences on results. Conclusions When compared with PetCO2 method, PtcCO2 measurement can be used more reliably as a noninvasive method. Providing a continuous monitoring and to not be affected by patient related factors make PtcCO2 method more advantagable.