Thick Aluminum Plate Research Articles

Studies on the Ultrasonic Butt Welding of Metal Plates

Ultrasonic butt welding of metal plates is proposed and studied. The welding specimens used are 6 mm and 10 mm thick aluminum plates. The specimens are driven transversally and successfully welded end to end of the plates. The ultrasonic vibration systems used consist of an upper 27 kHz driving vibration system with 6 bolt-clamped Langevin type PZT transducers and a lower 27 kHz passive vibration system. The upper vibration system is driven by a 3 kW power amplifier. Weld strength per unit area obtained is over 9 kgf/mm2 (88 MPa) which is nearly equal to specimen strength.

Studies on Ultrasonic Welding with Two Vibration Systems

Ultrasonic welding with two different frequency vibration systems is proposed, and is shown to be very effective in the successful welding of various metal specimens. The cross angle between upper and lower welding tip vibration directions is 90 degrees. The vibration frequencies of upper and lower vibration systems used are 27 kHz and 20 kHz. The weld strength and weld area of the specimen joined by the two vibration systems are larger and more uniform than that done by conventional welding equipment with one vibration system. Static pressure distributions of weldment of 1 to 10 mm thick aluminium plates are measured to estimate the limit of ultrasonic spot welding.

Dispersion of the products ejected during formation of an aperture in an aluminum plate of finite thickness by radiation of moderate energy density and the kinetics of the aperture formation

The present work is devoted to the measurement of the average dimensions, concentration, and velocity of the condensed-phase particles emitted in the flame and also to the measurement of the rate of aperture formation in an aluminum plate of grade AMts with a radiation density in the laser of (2 -- 3)-107WW/cm 2. The average dimension of the highly disperse particles was determined from the ratio of the intensities of the radiation scattered at two different angles [5], and their concentration was measured based on the attenuation of the transmitted radiation [6]. The velocity of the particles was determined by the difference in the time of appearance of the scattering at different distances from the plate. A schematic of the measurement apparatus, consisting of three main optical systems, is shown in Fig. i. System I is used for the generation and tramsmission of the beam energy. It consists of the pulsed laser i-- a neodymium glass laser of the type GOS-100 (%=1.06 ~m), operating in the free lasing regime, a beam splitter 2,mirror 3, a monitor photodetector 4 (type FEK-09), the objective 5 which focuses the radiation onto the plate 24, and a protective glass shield 6. The flame produced was photographed by the motion-picture camera 26. The energy in the laser pulse was 300 J, its duration 2 msec, and its diameter at the focal spot was i mm. After the aperture formed, the radiation transmitted was detected by the photodetector 27 of type FEU-6~.

An electromagnetic shower detector using proportional wire chambers with cathode plane delay-line readout

The construction and performance of a fine-grained electromagnetic shower detector is described. The detector consisted of 49 1 m × 1 m proportional wire chambers interlaced with one radiation length thick aluminum plates. The delay-line readout on the cathode planes measured the centroid positions of the shower. The anode wire planes measured the shower energy and can be used to form an experimental trigger. The detector was used successfully in an elastic neutrino-electron scattering experiment at Fermilab.

Model Tests for Uplift Capacity of Foundations in Clay

ABSTRACT Model test results for determination of uplift capacity of square and rectangular foundations in clay have been presented. The model foundations were made out of 3.18 mm thick aluminum plates. The length-to-width ratio of the plates used in the tests varied, from one to five. The experimentally determined net uplifting loads have been presented, in terms of breakout factors (Vesic, 1971). The variation of the critical embedment ratio- and breakout factors for shallow and deep foundation conditions have been analyzed. The uplift capacity of the square plates obtained from the present test program have been compared with the model test results of other investigators conducted on circular plates.

磁気ディスク基板用加工装置の運動解析

Kinematical analysis on lapping a ring shaped plate with a circular tool is carried out and numerical equations on stock removal are obtained, taking into account distributed pressure due to the moment of inertia of the area contacted for both work and tool and due to the eccentric load. A newly designed machine, in which distributed presssure is able to be adjusted with eccentric load due to tool weight, was also built. Experimental stock removal, flatness and parallelism values on 360 mm diameter - 2 mm thick aluminum plates for magnetic memory disk, made by the machine, are in agreement with calculated values. In consequence. procedure deducing the equations is found to be satisfactory. The machine obtained here are not only applied to lapping, but are capable of being applied to mirror-polish the surfaces, plated electroless deposited nickel on an aluminum disk.

Pullout Resistance of Vertical Anchors

In an investigation of the pullout resistances of shallow vertical square and circular anchors, eight model anchors (4 were square and 4 were circular) made of 0.125-in. thick aluminum plates were laboratory tested in a sand box measuring 2 ft x 2 ft x 2 ft. Details are given of the tests (each was repeated three times) in which sand was recompacted for the entire depth of embedment for each test run. The results of each set of tests varied less than 4 percent. An average load-displacement diagram is presented and the average ultimate load for all sets is tabulated. The analysis of the results is detailed. It is concluded on the basis of the study that with h = d (h = size of square plates and d = size of circular plates), the ultimate passive resistance of a circular anchor is approximately 66 percent of that for a square anchor.

Residual Stresses And Crack Propagation After Coining Of Holes In Aluminium Plates: Finite Element Calculations And Verifying Experiments

Stress coining is a surface treatment method used to generate tangential compressive stresses on the bore of a hole. The plate containing the hole to be coined is placed between two steel mandrels which are pressed together. In this paper, it is shown that the complex and nonlinear process, stress coining, can be simulated successfully by use of the finite element method (FE-method). The build-up of stresses and strains in a 25 mm thick aluminium plate during coining is simulated and experiments are performed to verify the calculations. Resistance foil strain gauges were used to record the strains on the bore of a 27 mm diameter hole during the coining process. Good agreement was observed. The fatigue crack propagation of surface cracks at the hole depends on the residual stresses. By the use of stress coining it is possible to introduce residual tangential stresses that are capable of reducing or even inhibiting crack growth. Numerically calculated crack propagation, for two crack configurations in 16 mm thick plates with coined and non-coined holes is compared here. Use of stress coining may increase the fatigue life by as much as a factor of 10.

Fast Metallic Contact Solid Dielectric Switch for High Voltage and Current

A metallic contact solid dielectric switch with a closing time of 10.13±0.31 μsec is described. An electrically exploded foil is used to drive a 0.317 cm thick aluminum plate through 0.076 cm polyethylene insulation into solid contact with the other switch electrode. The switch has been used as a series switch in a 20 kV circuit with a current of 1.2×106 A rising in 40 μsec. In a ``crowbar'' application it has carried 40 kA with a 1/e decay time of 45 msec.

Underwater Sound Diffraction around the Edge of a Shielding Baffle

The Fresnel-Kirchhoff theory for optical diffraction around the edge of a semi-infinite screen offers a means of estimating the diffraction leakage around the edge of an underwater-sound shielding baffle. To test the utility of the Fresnel-Kirchhoff theory for this application, experiments were conducted using a Laboratory tank and a frequency of 93 kHz. The baffle consisisted of a 116-in.-thick piece of closed-cell, cellular rubber bonded to a 116-in.-thick aluminum plate. To explore the sensitivity of the measured diffraction to experimental conditions, both straight- and curved-baffle edge geometries were used; various inclinations of the baffle to the sound field were also tried. It was concluded that the Fresnel-Kirchhoff theory offers an accurate prediction of diffraction leakage around an underwater-sound baffle, even though the actual baffle construction and geometry may vary somewhat from the ideal model for which the theory was developed.

Fission Plate Power Measurement by a Transient-Temperature Method

Transient-temperature behavior following a step change in internal heat generation has been analyzed to determine the power generation in the Battelle Shielding Facility fission plate. The fission plate is employed for shielding studies as a radiation source with a fission energy distribution. The plate is a 28-in. diam, 0.0199-in. thick uranium disk containing 3741 gm of uranium enriched to 93.14% in the uranium-235 isotope. It is plated with 0.0007 in. of nickel and clad with 0.025 in. of aluminum on each side and is in intimate contact with a 0.25-in. thick aluminum plate on one side. Ceramic spacers provide airgap insulation of the fission-aluminum plate combination from the surrounding media.Resistance thermometers were employed to observe the transient-temperature behavior following a step change in the internal heat generation in the plate for fission heating and for cooling tests. The cooling curve data were strictly exponential and rendered a decay constant of 0.0517 min−1 which was utilized, along with the physical constants of the assembly, to render a solution to the transient-heating equation and an estimated power of 25.0 ± 0.6 watts.

電解コンデンサの放電を利用した大型点溶接機の試作研究

For the purpose of spot welding of aluminum plate of appreciable thickness, we have made a powerful spot welder using huge electrolytic capacitors (125, 000μF, 500 volts dc.). This welder being 40 KVA in capacity, a constant charging current system with thyratron control is used to minimize the loss due to charging resistor and to shorten the period of charging large capcitance.Spot welding is carried out in a cycle per two seconds and welding current continues about 0.1 seconds. About 150 KA are used to get sound welds of 4.0 mm, 2S aluminum sheets.

AlのMIG熔接条件に関する―報告

In the welding experiment of T-fillet weld of 5mm thick aluminum plates, the penetrations, deformations and leg lengths were plotted with I/√v or √I/v as parameters in abscissas. In order to obtain the most reasonable welding schedule we must consider it under the defining factors and limits shown in Fig. 9. In our case, using 1/16″∅ electrode wire, the comparatively high current range (I=240-280A, v=70-110 cm/min, I/√v=0.20-0.22×103 A/(cm/sec)1/2, I=4.5-5.5mm) is considered preferable.

On the Failure of Plane Wave Theory to Predict the Reflection of a Narrow Ultrasonic Beam

In past studies of the interaction of an ultrasonic beam with a solid plate immersed in water, the general practice has been to assume that a narrow radiation pattern is a sufficiently close approximation to a plane wave to permit the use of plane wave theory to predict the results. Reflection measurements made in water with a three-degree radiation pattern at a frequency of 3.35 megacycles per second, using both air-backed aluminum plates of thicknesses ranging from 0.250 to 0.025 inch and a two-inch aluminum slab to approximate a semi-infinite medium, indicate that under certain conditions this assumption is not valid. Experimentally, the excess pressure of the reflected wave is considerably lower than that predicted by plane wave theory when the angle of incidence is such that the change of phase of the wave upon reflection varies greatly with a small change of the angle of incidence. It is apparent that at these angles of incidence a divergent beam which is several degrees wide cannot be used to approximate a plane wave. The nature of the phenomenon indicates that it should be of equal importance in the study of transmission phenomena.

STUDY ON THE METAL-ARC WELDING OF ALUMINUM AND ITS ALLOYS (PART 2)

Using the Shinko Metal-arc welding rod test on the metal-arc welding of thick aluminum plate and liquid-tightness of welded tank carried out.The results obtained are summariesed as follows:1) Metal-arc Welding of Aluminum is suitable for welding of thick plate.2) Liquid-tightness of Aluminum tank of 4m/m thick welded by metal-arc is good.3) Tank weld in vertical position is easy and good.4) Preheat work is not difficult.5) Strain due to metal-arc welding is less than that of gas welding.