Thiazolylhydrazone Derivatives Research Articles

Parkinson's Disease: Unravelling the Medicinal Perspectives and Recent Developments of Heterocyclic Monoamine Oxidase-B Inhibitors.

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by slow movement (bradykinesia), tremors, and muscle stiffness. These symptoms occur due to the degeneration of dopamine- producing neurons in the substantia nigra region of the brain, leading to reduced dopamine levels. The development of Parkinson's Disease (PD) involves a combination of genetic and environmental factors. PD is associated with abnormal regulation of the monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzyme. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are an important class of drugs used to treat PD and other neurological disorders. In the early stages of PD, monotherapy with MAO-B inhibitors has been shown to be both safe and effective. These inhibitors are also commonly used as adjuncts in long-term disease management, as they can improve both motor and non-motor symptoms, reduce "OFF" periods, and potentially slow disease progression. However, current MAO-B inhibitors come with side effects like dizziness, nausea, vomiting, light-headedness, and fainting. Therefore, accelerating the development of new MAO-B inhibitors with fewer side effects is crucial. This review explores natural compounds that may inhibit monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B), focusing on key findings from the past seven years. It highlights the most effective heterocyclic compounds against MAO-B, including thiazolyl hydrazone, pyridoxine-resveratrol, pyridazine, isoxazole, oxadiazole, benzothiazole, benzoxazole, coumarin, caffeine, pyrazoline, piperazine, piperidine, pyrrolidine, and morpholine derivatives. The review covers in vitro, in silico, and in vivo data, along with the structure- activity relationship of these compounds. These findings offer valuable insights for the development of more effective MAO-B inhibitors and advancements in Parkinson's disease research.

Synthesis, Molecular Docking Studies and Biological Evaluation of Thiazolyl Hydrazone Derivatives of Chromone-3-carbaldehyde as Potent Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Agents.

A series of 15 thiazolyl hydrazone derivatives of chromone-3- carbaldehyde have been designed and synthesized by the cyclization of thiosemicarbazone derivatives of chromone-3-carbaldehydes with 4'-substituted-2-bromo acetophenones. All these derivatives were evaluated for antioxidant activity by their direct scavenging activity objects to reactive oxygen species such as DPPH, and nitric oxide, as well as in vitro antiinflammatory activity by a protein denaturation method. Most of these synthesized compounds have shown significant antioxidant activity, among which the compounds 5b, 5c, 5e, 5g, and 5j showed very good antioxidant activities in comparison with the standard ascorbic acid. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity revealed that the compounds 5b, 5g, and 5h possessed significant activity compared to standard diclofenac sodium. Additionally, molecular docking studies of these molecules using ovalbumin as the protein showed remarkable interactions with its active site residues, and the results indicated that the binding mode of these compounds closely resembled that of the reference compound, diclofenac sodium. Thus, these compounds represent an attractive template for the evaluation of new antiinflammatory and antioxidant agents and might be useful for exploring new therapeutic tools.

Synthesis, biological evaluation, and computational studies of thiazolyl hydrazone derivatives as triple mutant allosteric EGFR inhibitors

AbstractHerein, new thiazole‐2‐yl‐based hydrazone derivatives were synthesized and assessed for in vitro anticancer activity against wild type A549, MCF7, DU145, and mutant H1975 cancer cell lines by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Among all, 4‐(4‐Chlorophenyl)‐2‐(2‐((4‐methylthiazol‐5‐yl)methylene)hydrazineyl)thiazole (4b) elicited prominent anticancer activity against wild‐type epidermal growth factor receptor (WT‐EGFR) MCF7 cancer cell line with an IC50 value of 9.57 ± 1.80 μM, whereas 4‐Methyl‐5‐((2‐(4‐(4‐nitrophenyl)thiazol‐2‐yl)hydrazineylidene)methyl)thiazole (4c) showed appreciable activity with an IC50 value of 11 ± 0.7 μM against the mutated EGFR H1975 lung cancer cells. Doxorubicin and Osimertinib were used as the standard drugs for comparison of activity. Compound (4b) significantly increased early apoptosis (30.2%) and late apoptosis (7.6%) at a 5 μM concentration in comparison with the control (early apoptosis 2.5%, late apoptosis 1.2%). The molecular docking study was performed against mutant EGFR (T790M/C797S) (PDB: 5D41) enzyme to gain information about interactions of synthesized molecules with binding pockets. Moreover, ADME study and molecular dynamic simulation studies were accomplished to gain insight into drug‐likeness and conformational stability, respectively. The findings demonstrate a promising alignment between the observed anticancer effects and computational analyses.

Design, Synthesis, and Biological Effect Studies of Novel Benzofuran-Thiazolylhydrazone Derivatives as Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors.

In recent studies, monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitory effects of various thiazolylhydrazone derivatives have been demonstrated. Within the scope of this study, 12 new compounds containing thiazolylhydrazone groups were synthesized. The structures of the obtained compounds were elucidated by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) methods. The inhibitory effects of the final compounds on MAO enzymes were investigated by means of in vitro methods. In addition to enzyme inhibition studies, enzyme kinetic studies of compounds with high inhibitory activity were examined, and their effects on substrate-enzyme relations were investigated. Additionaly, cytotoxicity tests were carried out to determine the toxicities of the selected compounds, and the compounds were found to be nontoxic. The interactions of the active compound with the active site of the enzyme were characterized by in silico methods.

Design, synthesis and molecular modeling studies of thiosemicarbazide & thiazolyl-hydrazone derivatives as potential anticancer agents and topoisomerase inhibitors

This study involved the design, synthesis and evaluation of a series of novel thiosemicarbazide and thiazolyl-hydrazone derivatives. The synthesized compounds were tested for cytotoxic effects SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, as well as NIH-3T3 normal cell line using the MTT assay. Among the tested compounds, 3b, 3d, 3i, 4b, 4d and 4i exhibited IC50 values ranging from 1.97 µM to 3.22 µM in the SH-SY5Y cancer cell line with lower cytotoxicity toward NIH-3T3 cells. Moreover, all compounds were also screened for their topoisomerase I and II inhibitory activity and compound 3b completely inhibited the topoisomerase I enzyme, whereas all compounds showed potent topoisomerase II inhibitory activity. Docking studies were performed to identify the mode of binding of the tested compounds to the active site of topoisomerase I and II. In conclusion, N-(4-(2-((2-chlorophenyl)carbamothioyl)hydrazine-1-carbonyl)phenyl)benzamide (3b) emerges as a promising inhibitor of topoisomerase I and II and holds potential as a lead compound in the quest for novel anticancer agents.

Synthesis, Antioxidant, and Antifungal Activities of β-Ionone Thiazolylhydrazone Derivatives and Their Application in Anti-Browning of Freshly Cut Potato.

In order to develop a new type of antioxidants with high efficiency, a series of β-ionone thiazolylhydrazone derivatives were designed and synthesized from β-ionone, and their structures were characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, FT-IR, and HR-MS. The antioxidant test in vitro indicated that most of the target compounds had high biological activity. Among them, compound 1k exhibited very strong DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical)-scavenging activity with a half-maximal effective concentration (IC50) of 86.525 μM. Furthermore, in the ABTS (2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) diammonium salt)-scavenging experiment, compound 1m exhibited excellent activity with an IC50 of 65.408 μM. Their biological activities were significantly better than those of the positive control Trolox. These two compounds, which have good free-radical-scavenging activity in vitro, were used as representative compounds in the anti-browning experiment of fresh-cut potatoes. The results showed that 1k and 1m had the same anti-browning ability as kojic acid, and they were effective browning inhibitors. In addition, it is well known that microbial infection is one of the reasons for food oxidation. Therefore, we investigated the antifungal activity of 25 target compounds against eight plant fungi at a concentration of 125 mg/L. The results indicated that these compounds all have some antifungal activity and may become new potential fungicides. Notably, compound 1u showed the best inhibitory effect against Poria vaporaria, with an inhibition rate as high as 77.71%; it is expected to become the dominant structure for the development of new antifungal agents.

Synthesis and evaluation of the antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities of thiazolyl hydrazone derivatives and their application in the anti-browning of fresh-cut potato

Tyrosinase is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of melanin, which is responsible for the browning of foods as well as many skin disorders. In order to develop new anti-browning agents with dual antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase capacities, a series of 30 thiazolyl hydrazone derivatives were synthesized. Among the molecules prepared, 6 and 30 were found to be the most potent tyrosinase inhibitors with IC50 values ​​comparable to that of kojic acid. Interestingly, 6 also has the highest radical scavenging activity among the prepared molecules. The inhibition kinetics study indicated that 6 is a non-competitive inhibitor while 30 inhibits tyrosinase competitively. The anti-browning assay of fresh-cut potato slices revealed that 6 and 30 are potent anti-browning agents with a capacity as high as kojic acid. The mechanisms of free radical scavenging and tyrosinase inhibition have been fully investigated in silico using computational kinetics, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations.

Structural, physicochemical and anticancer study of Zn complexes with pyridyl-based thiazolyl-hydrazones

Thiazolyl-hydrazones (THs) exhibit a wide spectrum of biological activity that can be enhanced by complexation with various metal ions. Zn(II) complexes with α-pyridine-1,3-TH ligands may represent an alternative to the standard platinum-based chemotherapeutics. In addition, they show photoluminescence properties and thus can be regarded as multifunctional materials. In this study, we synthesized and characterized three neutral Zn(II) complexes (1–3) with pyridine-based TH ligands HLS1‒3 in order to investigate the influence of the ligands charge on the structure and intermolecular interactions in the solid state, and consequently photophysical properties. The deprotonation of the ligands mainly affects the relative energies of electronic levels in the complexes, compared to cationic counterparts, resulting in similar photoluminescence mechanisms and quantum yields with a small shift in emission energy. The influence of the substitution at the ligands’ periphery on the selected quantum molecular descriptors of the complexes is localized to the substitution site. Also, the substituents did not considerably influence the redox responses of the complexes. However, predominant spectral changes were observed in the course of the first reduction and oxidation processes which caused distinct spectral color changes indicating their possible functionality for electrochromic applications. In addition, complex 1 showed antiproliferative activity with GI50 values below 2 µM on all tested cancer cell lines.

A newseries of thiazole-hydrazone hybrids for Akt-targeted therapy of non-small cell lung cancer.

In an attempt to identify potent antitumor agents for the fight against non-small cell lung cancer, new thiazolyl hydrazones (2a-n) were synthesized and examined for their in vitro cytotoxic effects on A549 human lung adenocarcinoma and L929 mouse embryonic fibroblast cells by means of theMTT assay. Furthermore, the effects of the most potent anticancer agents on apoptosis and Akt inhibition were investigated. 2-[2-((Isoquinolin-5-yl)methylene)hydrazinyl]-4-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)thiazole (2k) (IC50 = 1.43 ± 0.12 µM) and 2-[2-((isoquinolin-5-yl)methylene)hydrazinyl]-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)thiazole (2l) (IC50 = 1.75 ± 0.07 µM) displayed more pronounced anticancer activity than cisplatin (IC50 = 3.90 ± 0.10 µM) on A549 cell lines; 2-[2-((isoquinolin-5-yl)methylene)hydrazinyl]-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)thiazole (2j) (IC50 = 3.93 ± 0.06 µM) showed anticancer activity close to cisplatin. These compounds were found to induce apoptosis in A549 cells. Compound 2j (IC50 = 3.55 ± 0.64 µM) showed stronger Akt inhibitory activity than GSK690693 (IC50 = 4.93 ± 0.06 µM), while compounds 2k and 2l did not cause Akt inhibition at IC50 concentrations (1.43 and 1.75 µM, respectively). To comprehensively elucidate the binding pose of compound 2j and to provide a detailed understanding on the ligand' binding mechanism, induced-fit docking calculations were also conducted. Both in vitro and in silico studies suggest that compound 2j shows its cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on A549 cell linesvia Akt inhibition. However, it is understood that compounds 2k and 2l exert their strong anticancer effects on A549 cells through different pathways.

A detailed experimental and computational study of Cd complexes with pyridyl‐based thiazolyl hydrazones

Interest in Cd complexes has been growing in recent years. Cd complexes are considered a potential solution in the search for novel antibiotics that can fight antimicrobial resistance. In addition, Cd complexes draw attention to material chemistry. The main objective of this work was to prepare the first Cd(II) complexes with anionic forms of pyridine‐based thiazolyl hydrazone (THs) ligands HLS2[(E)‐4‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐2‐(2‐[pyridine‐2‐ylmethylene]hydrazinyl)thiazole] and HLS3[(E)‐2‐(2‐[pyridine‐2‐ylmethylene]hydrazinyl)‐4‐(p‐tolyl)thiazole] and perform their structural and spectroscopic characterization, as well as stability in solution and upon heating. Studies related to their biological activities and possible electrochromic applications are also being conducted. Complexes [Cd(HLS2)2] (1) and [Cd(HLS3)2] (2) have been characterized by a single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and computational analysis of intermolecular interactions responsible for their solid‐state structures was performed. Thermal stability of1and2in the solid‐state was analyzed by TGA/MS, where as their solution stability was determined by the spectrophotometric titration method. Electrochemical andin situUV–Vis spectroelectrochemical analyses of1and2were carried out to determine redox mechanisms and the influence of the substituents and electrolytes on their redox responses. The antioxidant capacity of both complexes was tested in antioxidant assays, while their antimicrobial activity was tested against five Gram‐positive and four Gram‐negative bacteria, as well as against three fungi. The obtained results indicate their potent antioxidant capacity. The antimicrobial activity of investigated compounds on almost all tested bacterial strains was stronger than that of the standard antibiotic erythromycin. The results of docking studies indicate that the minor groove DNA is the possible biological target of1and2.

Design, synthesis, in-vitro, in-vivo and ex-vivo pharmacology of thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives as selective and reversible monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors

Neurodegenerative ailments are a diverse set of syndromes distinguished by gradual deterioration of the structure as well as functions of the central nervous system or peripheral nervous system. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) have no cure, common, and are high prevalent neurodegenerative pathologies. In current research, rationally designed thiazolidine-2,4-dione based analogs were synthesized and tested for their inhibition potential against two isoforms of monoamine oxidase (MAO-A / MAO-B). Structure activity relationships were explored. Pyridinyl and thiazolyl hydrazone derivative 43 and 44 with IC50 value of 0.013 µM and 0.008 µM (selectivity 228 / 226 times) exhibited higher potency than reference drug safinamide. Most active compounds showed BBB penetration in PAMPA in-vitro assay. Except nitro derivative 41, all compounds were non-neurotoxic in the studied concentration. Molecular docking studies supported the in-vitro experimental results and the selectivity by comparing the binding energy values against both MAO-A and MAO-B isoforms. All the results of current research suggest compounds 43 and 44 may serve as promising candidates for further research for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

Anticancer effect of Indanone-based thiazolyl hydrazone derivative on p53 mutant colorectal cancer cell lines: An in vitro and in vivo study.

Colorectal cancer is a major health problem, and it is the third most diagnosed cancer in the United States. The current treatment for colorectal cancer includes irinotecan, a topoisomerase I inhibitor, and other targeted drugs, such as bevacizumab and regorafenib. The low response rates and incidence of high toxicity caused by these drugs instigated an evaluation of the anticancer efficacy of a series of 13 thiazolyl hydrazone derivatives of 1-indanone, and four compounds among them show favorable anticancer activity against some of the tested colorectal cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 0.41 ± 0.19 to 6.85 ± 1.44 μM. It is noteworthy that one of the indanone-based thiazolyl hydrazone (ITH) derivatives, N-Indan-1-ylidene-N’-(4-Biphenyl-4-yl-thiazol-2-yl)-hydrazine (ITH-6), has a better cytotoxicity profile against p53 mutant colorectal cancer cells HT-29, COLO 205, and KM 12 than a p53 wild-type colorectal cancer cell line, such as HCT 116. Mechanistic studies show that ITH-6 arrests these three cancer cell lines in the G2/M phase and induces apoptosis. It also causes a rise in the reactive oxygen species level with a remarkable decrease in the glutathione (GSH) level. Moreover, ITH-6 inhibits the expression of NF-κB p65 and Bcl-2, which proves its cytotoxic action. In addition, ITH-6 significantly decreased tumor size, growth rate, and tumor volume in mice bearing HT-29 and KM 12 tumor xenografts. Moreover, CRISPR/Cas9 was applied to establish an NF-κB p65 gene knockout HT-29 cell line model to validate the target of ITH-6. Overall, the results suggest that ITH-6 could be a potential anticancer drug candidate for p53 mutant colorectal cancers.

Synthesis of new derivatives containing pyridine, investigation of MAO inhibitory activities and molecular docking studies.

In this study, novel pyridine-containing thiazolyl hydrazone derivatives were synthesized. Structure determinations of the compounds were performed using 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS techniques. The biological activities of the compounds were evaluated against MAO enzymes by in vitro fluorometric method. As a result of activity studies, compound 3a showed selective inhibitory activity against MAO-B enzyme with IC50=0.088+0.003µM. The selectivity index of this compound is greater than 1136. Molecular docking studies were carried out using 2V5Z crystal. It has been observed that docking studies and activity studies are in harmony.

Synthesis, characterization, molecular docking, dynamics simulations, and in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) studies of new thiazolylhydrazone derivatives as butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors.

In this study, two novel series of thiazolylhydrazone derivatives containing 4-ethylpiperazine (3a-3f) and 4-methoxyphenylpiperazine (3g-3l) side chains weresynthesized and their structures were characterized by spectral (1H NMR, 13C NMR, and MS spectra) analyses. Invitro inhibitory activities of synthesized compounds against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) were determined by Ellman method. According tothe results, all compounds showed a weak inhibitory effecton AChE, while promising results were obtained on BChE. Among the synthesized compounds, the activities of the derivatives carrying 4-ethylpiperazine (3a-3f) structure were found to be more effective than the compounds carrying 4-methoxyphenyl piperazine (3g-3l) derivatives. Especially, compound 3f bearing the nitro substituent was found to be the most promising compound on BChE in the series. The absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) parameters of the synthesized compounds were predicted by using the SwissADME server. The potential binding mode and stability of compound 3f with BChE were investigated by the molecular docking and dynamics simulations. The results showed that 3f was strongly bound up with BChE with the optimal conformation; in addition, their binding free energy reached-167.936±13.109kJ/mol.

Design, synthesis, cytotoxicity, and molecular docking studies of novel thiazolyl-hydrazone derivatives as histone lysine acetyl-transferase inhibitors and apoptosis inducers.

Compounds containing both thiazole and arylsulfone moieties are recognized for their high biological activity and ability to fight a variety of ailments. Thus, in this context, new derivatives of (thiazol-2-yl)hydrazone with an arylsulfone moiety were synthesized as CPTH2 analogs with potent anti-histone lysine acetyl-transferase activity. Compounds 3, 4, 10b, and 11b showed an excellent inhibitory effect on P300 (E1A-associated protein p300), compared to CPTH2. Among all the tested derivatives, compound 10b revealed the highest activity against both P300 and pCAF. In addition, the new hits were tested for anticancer efficacy against two leukemia cell lines. Most of them showed a moderate to potent antitumor effect on the k562 and CCRF-CEM cell lines. Interestingly, the activity of compound 10b against the k562 cell line was found to be higher than that of CPTH2. Furthermore, it showed a good safety profile, better than CPTH2 on normal cells. Molecular docking analysis was carried out to reveal the crucial binding contacts in the inhibition of the P300 and pCAF enzymes.

Novel sulfonyl thiazolyl-hydrazone derivatives as EGFR inhibitors: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies

New hydrazonoyl-sulfonylthiazoles were designed and synthesized as EGFR inhibitors. The new sulfonylthiazole derivatives were assessed in vitro to measure their effect on EGFR. They revealed marked inhibitory activity against EGFR kinase having IC50 range from 0.037 to 0.317 μM compared to reference drug dasatinib (IC50 = 0.077 μM). Six derivatives of the newly synthesized compounds showed potent inhibitory activity relative to dasatinib. Furthermore, the new hits were examined concerning their cytotoxic effect on human breast cancer cell line (MCF7), hepatic cancer cell line (HepG2) using MTT assay. N-(2-Benzenesulfonyl-1-phenyl-ethylidene)-N'-(4-methyl-thiazol-2-yl)-hydrazine (IC50 = 1.24 μM) revealed higher potency than dasatinib (IC50 = 11.6 μM) against MCF7cell line. Besides, N-(2-benzenesulfonyl-1-phenyl-ethylidene)-N'-(4-methyl-5-p-tolylazo-thiazol-2-yl)-hydrazine exhibited excellent cytotoxicity against HepG2cell line (IC50 = 3.61 μM), exceeding that of dasatinib (IC50 = 14.10 μM). In addition to low cytotoxic effect on normal (WI-38) cells, describing the high safety profiles of these compounds. Moreover, molecular docking was done in order to determine the possible binding modes of such compounds inside the binding site of EGFR.

RI75, a curcumin analogue, inhibits tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 production and exhibits antiallodynic and antiedematogenic activities in mice.

Curcumin and its analogues exhibited anti-inflammatory activity in different experimental models. Recently, we synthesized (2E,3E)-3-buten-2-one-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-thiazolyl)hydrazone (RI75), a curcumin analogue with a thiazolyl hydrazone moiety. In the present study, we investigated the effects induced by RI75 in different models of inflammation and pain in mice, as well as some underlying mechanisms. Pre-treatment with RI75 (40mg/kg, intraperitoneal; i.p.) or curcumin (40mg/kg, i.p.) reduced the mechanical allodynia and paw edema induced by intraplantar (i.pl) injection of carrageenan. RI75 antiallodynic activity was reduced by pre-treatment with naltrexone (5 and 10mg/kg, i.p.) and cyproheptadine (10mg/kg, i.p.), but not glibenclamide (20 and 40mg/kg, i.p.). In a model of neuropathic pain, a single i.p. administration of RI75 (40mg/kg) or curcumin (40mg/kg) attenuated the ongoing mechanical allodynia induced by repeated administrations of paclitaxel. Pre-treatment with RI75 (40mg/kg, i.p.) or curcumin (40mg/kg, i.p.) also reduced tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 production and myeloperoxidase activity induced by carrageenan. The results of the present study demonstrate that RI75, a synthetic curcumin analogue, exhibits antiallodynic and antiedematogenic activities. Activation of opioidergic and serotonergic mechanisms and reduced production of inflammatory mediators and neutrophil recruitment may underlie RI75 activities.

Synthesis of novel thiazolyl hydrazone derivatives as potent dual monoamine oxidase-aromatase inhibitors

The inhibitory effects of 2-thiazolyl hydrazones on monoamine oxidase enzymes are known for a long time. In this study, a new series of 2-thiazolyl hydrazone derivatives were synthesized starting from 6-methoxy-2-naphthaldehyde. All of the synthesized compounds were investigated in terms of their monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitory effects and significant results were found. The results showed that compound 2j potently inhibited MAO-A and MAO-B, while compound 2t strongly and selectively inhibited MAO-B compared to standard drugs. Compounds 2k and 2q exhibited selective and satisfying inhibition on MAO-B. In the aromatase inhibition studies of the compounds, it was determined that compounds 2q and 2u had high inhibitory properties. Molecular docking studies on MAO-A, MAO-B, and aromatase enzymes were carried out for the aforementioned compounds. Additionally, molecular dynamics simulation was studied for compound 2q on MAO-B and aromatase complexes. Finally, the Field-based QSAR study was developed and the structure-activity relationship (SAR) was explained. For the first time, dual inhibitors on MAO and aromatase enzyme were investigated together. The aim of this approach is for finding the potential agents that do not cause the cognitive disorders and may even treat neurodegenerative symptoms, thus, the aim was reached successfully.

Zn(ii) complexes with thiazolyl–hydrazones: structure, intermolecular interactions, photophysical properties, computational study and anticancer activity

Title ligands and their symmetrical octahedral complexes are not photoluminescent, contrary to other synthesized asymmetrical complexes. In comparison to the ligands, the complexes showed improved antiproliferative activity and lower toxicity.

Synthesis, Antioxidant Activity and Anti-Fungal Activity of Β-Ionone Thiazolylhydrazone Derivatives

Synthesis, Antioxidant Activity and Anti-Fungal Activity of Β-Ionone Thiazolylhydrazone Derivatives