Thiamine Content Research Articles

PENGEMBANGAN DETEKSI ELEKTROKIMIA TIAMINA BERBASIS ELEKTRODE KARBON KACA TERMODIFIKASI PEDOT:PSS PADA SUPLEMEN VITAMIN KOMERSIAL MENGGUNAKAN TEKNIK DIFFERENTIAL PULSE VOLTAMMETRY

The development of easy and rapid detection method for vitamin in food is interesting to study because this compound is an essential nutrient to maintain the metabolism in the human body. Herein, this work aims to detect vitamin B 1 (thiamine) content in the supplement of commercial vitamin by differential pulse voltammetry technique using a glassy carbon electrode modified poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT: PSS) and compare the results with the spectrophotometry UV-Vis. The electrochemical investigations were evaluated to a glassy carbon electrode modified PEDOT: PSS in terms of the parameter of analytical performances including linearity, precision, detection limit and quantitation limit. Based on the results, the oxidation peak of thiamine observed at potential of 250 mV vs Ag/AgCl with its current intensity measured 2.5 times higher than detected using unmodified glassy carbon electrode. In addition, the measurement of thiamine in the concentration range of 1 – 10 mM using a glassy carbon modified PEDOT:PSS displayed a good value for several parameters such as linearity ( R 2 = 0.9913), precision (percentage of relative standard deviation as 3.9%), and the detection and quantitation limit as 2.5×10 - 5 M and 7×10 - 5 M, respectively. As a comparison in real analysis, this developed method was then used to measure thiamine in the sample of commercial vitamin and showed the accuracy value as 95.86%. This value was then compared with the real value and showed a non-significant different when analysed with t-student test at the confidence interval of 95%.

Estimation of thiamine, riboflavin and niacin content in jute leaves

Thiamine, riboflavin and niacin are essential nutrients and play vital role in oxidation-reduction reaction during energy production in the living cell of the body. Requirement of these vitamins must be met through diet as human body cannot synthesize thiamine and riboflavin. Small amount of niacin is synthesized in the body but major requirement must be met through external diet. Jute leaves are rich in different vitamins and minerals. Different varieties of fresh jute leaves as well as preserved leaves of Corchorus olitorius. L. and Corchorus capsularis L. were evaluated for thiamine, riboflavin and niacin content. Powder jute leaf were prepared through drying of leaves in cold (4 ̊C), oven (100 ̊C) and open air (±30 ̊C) and then ground following preservation at -20 ̊C in freezer. Thiamine content in fresh leaves of C. olitorius is 3.22 – 5.84 mg/g and in C. capsularis is 4.26 – 6.46 mg/g. Jute leaves in both species show riboflavin content 1.00 – 1.35 mg/g. Niacin was found in leaves of C. olitorius 12.01 – 19.12 mg/g and in C. capsularis 12.95 – 23.17 mg/g in different varieties. Preserved leaf powder of C. olitorius and C. capsularis contain 0.37 – 0.58 mg/g thiamine. High amount of riboflavin was found in jute leaf powder of both species. Preserved leaf powder of C. olitorius shows 4.24 – 13.42 mg/g riboflavin and C. capsularis have 9.14 to 19.59 mg/g. Niacin content was found stable in preserved jute leaf powder. Preserved powder leaf of C. olitorius contain 8.4 - 14.8 mg/g niacin and leaves of C. capsularis have 5.8– 8.3 mg/g of niacin. There is no significant difference observed in leaves of different varieties of C. olitorius and C. capsularis regarding thiamine, riboflavin and niacin content. Drying showed different effect on vitamins in jute leaves, it reduced thiamine content, increased riboflavin content but did not affect much on niacin content in jute leaves in comparison to the fresh leaves. Different drying method did not show significant difference in thiamine, riboflavin and niacin content in jute leaves. Fresh jute leaves and preserved jute leaf powder both contain thiamine, riboflavin and niacin.

Estimation of thiamine, riboflavin and niacin content in jute leaves

Estimation of thiamine, riboflavin and niacin content in jute leaves

The effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on blood thiamine concentration and its association with post-operative lactate concentration

ObjectiveCardiothoracic surgery is a large field in Australia, and evidence suggests post-cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) hyperlactataemia is associated with higher morbidity and mortality. Low thiamine levels are a potentially common yet treatable cause of hyperlactataemia and may occur in the setting of exposure to CPB non-biological material. We hypothesized that cardiopulmonary bypass would result in decreased whole-blood thiamine levels, which may therefore result in increased whole-blood lactate levels in the post-operative period.MethodsAdult patients undergoing non-emergent CPB were recruited in a single centre, prospective, analytic observational study at Townsville University Hospital, Australia. The primary outcome was a comparison of pre- and post-CPB thiamine diphosphate level, secondarily aiming to assess any relationship between lactate and thiamine levels. Prospective pre- and post-CPB blood samples were taken and analysed at a central reference laboratory.ResultsData was available for analysis on 78 patients. There was a statistically significant increase in thiamine diphosphate level from pre-CPB: 1.36 nmol/g Hb, standard deviation (SD) 0.31, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.29–1.43, to post-CPB: 1.77 nmol/g Hb, SD 0.53, 95% CI 1.43–1.88, p value < 0.001. There was a non-statistically significant (p > 0.05) trend in rising whole-blood lactate levels with increasing time. Analysis of lactate levels at varying time periods found a significant difference between baseline measurements and increased levels at 13–16 h (p < 0.05). There was no significant relationship observed between whole-blood thiamine levels and post-operative lactate levels.ConclusionWhole-blood thiamine levels were found to increase immediately post-CPB in those undergoing elective cardiac surgery. There was no correlation between whole-blood thiamine levels and post-operative arterial lactate levels.

Thiamine as an outcome predictor in postoperative CABG patients

Abstract Introduction Coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) is one of the most performed cardiovascular procedures worldwide. Despite good outcomes, CABG induces systemic inflammation, increases oxidative stress and increases catabolism. As thiamine act as a cofactor in glucose metabolism and glutathione synthesis, its deficiency could have a high prevalence in critically ill patients. Purpose To assess the association between plasma thiamine concentrations and clinical outcomes and 30-day mortality in patients undergoing non-emergency CABG. Methods Prospective and observational study that included consecutive patients older than 18 years undergoing CABG that assigned the consent form. Plasma thiamine concentrations were determined before and 24 hours after the procedure by the high-performance liquid chromatography method. The clinical outcomes evaluated were perioperative acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, cardiogenic shock, arrhythmias, stroke and acute kidney injury. Mortality was evaluated on the 30th day after CABG. Results The study included 131 patients submitted to CABG. The mean age was 61±9.1 years, 73.3% were men, and the mean EuroScore II value was 1.78±1.3%. Before CABG, plasmatic thiamine concentration was 33±15ng/ml, and 15% of the patients had thiamine deficiency. After CABG, plasmatic thiamine concentration was 20±8ng/ml. All patients diminished plasmatic thiamine concentration after CABG. Mortality was 16% and 24% of patients presented acute kidney injury. Combined outcomes, which included the presence of acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, cardiogenic shock, arrhythmias, stroke, acute kidney injury or death, was present in 52% of the patients. Percentage of thiamine variation between before and after CABG was not associated with mortality (34±14 vs 41±10%; p=0.063); however, it was associated with acute kidney injury (40±14 vs 34±13%; p=0.027) and combined outcomes (37±13 vs 33±14%; p=0.035). Conclusion Percentage of thiamine variation from before to after CABG was associated with acute kidney injury and combined outcomes in these patients. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

Evaluation of blood thiamine concentration in hospitalized dogs with and without critical illness.

To evaluate blood thiamine concentration in healthy and critically ill hospitalized dogs over 72hours of hospitalization and to identify any association of thiamine concentration with patient morbidity and mortality. Prospective, observational, clinical study. University veterinary teaching hospital. Thirty-one hospitalized healthy dogs and 37 dogs with critical illness. Dogs with critical illness had nonseptic (n=24) or septic (n=13) etiologies. None. Whole blood EDTA samples were collected within 24hours of admission and 72hours later. Samples were stored at -80°C and batch analyzed. Total thiamine (tB1) and thiamine diphosphate (TDP) concentrations were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography, and free thiamine concentration was determined using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Collected patient data included CBC, biochemistry profile, plasma lactate concentration, shock index, Acute Patient Physiologic and Laboratory Evaluation Score (APPLEfast ) score, comorbid conditions, and patient outcome. Approximately 92% of tB1 present in whole blood is measured as TDP. TDP concentration was strongly correlated with tB1 (R=0.97, P<0.0001). Thiamine concentration, represented by TDP, was not different at admission or at 72hours in all dogs. TDP concentration was lower in septic dogs requiring surgery at admission (P=0.044) and 72hours later (P=0.008), compared to dogs not requiring surgery. TDP concentration was not different between dogs with and without stable chronic diseases at any time point. Older dogs had lower TDP concentration. Positive correlations were seen between TDP and body weight, APPLEfast score, and WBC count. Critically ill dogs with lower admission plasma lactate concentration were more likely to have an increase in thiamine over time (P=0.0142). Differences in thiamine concentration were not identified in hospitalized healthy or critically ill dogs. Further investigation into the clinical relevance of thiamine deficiency is indicated in septic dogs undergoing surgery.

Thiamine, Riboflavin, and Niacin Contents in Agri-Foods Used as Raw Materials for Health Functional Foods

Jinsoo Jeon, Younghyeon Jang, Sang Hoon Lee, Young Min Choi, and Myoung-Gun Choung. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2022;51:797-804. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2022.51.8.797

Egg Hatchability and Egg Thiamine Concentrations in Lake Trout from the Northern Refuge of Lake Michigan

AbstractThe Northern Refuge of Lake Michigan was established in 1985 under the auspices of the Great Lakes Fishery Commission as part of an intensely managed effort to restore a self‐sustaining Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush population to the lake. Despite the stocking of millions of Lake Trout into the refuge and survival of these stocked fish to adulthood, signs of natural recruitment by Lake Trout in the refuge have been very sparse. To ascertain whether low egg viability or poor fry survival could be limiting natural recruitment by Lake Trout in the refuge, hatching rates of eggs taken from Lake Trout caught in the Northern Refuge during October 2019 were determined in the laboratory. Moreover, survival rates of the hatched‐out fry were determined along with the thiamine concentrations in the fry. In addition, thiamine concentrations in eggs of ovulating Lake Trout caught in the Northern Refuge during 2019–2021 were determined. Egg hatching rate in the laboratory averaged 93%. Survival rate of Lake Trout fry up to 5 weeks after hatching averaged 97%. Mean (SE) thiamine concentrations in eggs of Lake Trout caught in 2019, 2020, and 2021 were 19.1 (3.6), 5.9 (1.3), and 6.2 (0.4) nmol/g, respectively; these levels are well above the threshold concentration of 2.3 nmol/g, above which the likelihood of experiencing mortality due to thiamine deficiency complex (TDC) is low. Thiamine concentrations in the Lake Trout fry at the end of the laboratory experiment averaged 11.2 nmol/g, and abnormal behavior in the fry was not observed. We conclude that TDC does not appear to represent a major impediment to Lake Trout rehabilitation in the Northern Refuge at present, although TDC may have contributed to the lack of detectable natural recruitment in the past.

Composition and thermal processing evaluation of yeast ingredients as thiamin sources compared to a standard vitamin premix for canned cat food.

Significant improvement in thiamin retention of canned cat food has not been achieved by altering processing conditions. Some ingredients, such as yeasts, may supply thiamin able to withstand thermal processing. Therefore, the study objective was to evaluate yeast ingredients as thiamin sources for canned cat food. Six yeast ingredients were screened for thiamin content, and values ranged from 9.9-4,283.8 mg/kg dry matter basis (DMB). Treatments for thermal processing were arranged as a 2×4 factorial with 2 levels of vitamin premix (with or without) and 4 yeast ingredients (NY = none and LBV, BY, or EA from the ingredient screening). Replicates (n = 3) were processed in a horizontal still retort to an average lethality of 79.23 minutes. Thiamin degradation was analyzed as a mixed model with pre-retort thiamin content as a covariate and production day as a random effect. Main effects of vitamin premix and yeast and their interaction were significant at P-values less than 0.05. The Fisher's LSD post hoc comparison test was used to separate means. On average, experimental formulas retained 33.75% thiamin. The main effect of vitamin premix (average -42.9 mg/kg DMB) was not significant (P > 0.05). Thiamin degradation between NY (-31.3 mg/kg DMB) and BY (-33.8 mg/kg DMB) was similar (P > 0.05) whereas EA (-40.5 mg/kg DMB) and LBV (-55.6 mg/kg DMB) lost more (P < 0.05) thiamin than NY. The experimental formula of EA with vitamin premix (-70.3 mg/kg DMB) lost more (P < 0.05) thiamin than no yeast, BY, or EA without vitamin premix (average -17.4 mg/kg DMB) and all others (average -57.3 mg/kg DMB) were intermediate (P > 0.05). In summary, thiamin from yeast ingredients didn't exhibit better thermal stability than thiamin mononitrate. However, those ingredients with similar degradation levels or uniquely high thiamin levels may provide added value.

Evaluation of the Thiamine, Riboflavin, and Niacin Contents in Fermented Soybean Processed Foods in Various Korean Provinces

Younghyeon Jang, Jinsoo Jeon, Sang Hoon Lee, Young Min Choi, and Myoung-Gun Choung. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2022;51:688-96. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2022.51.7.688

Benfotiamine protects against hypothalamic dysfunction in a STZ-induced model of neurodegeneration in rats

The neurodegeneration of Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects not only brain structures associate with cognition early in the progression of the disease, but other areas such as the hypothalamus, a region involved in the control of metabolism and appetite. In this context, we evaluated the effects of benfotiamine (BFT), a vitamin B1 analog that is being proposed as a therapeutical approach for AD-related cognitive alterations, which were induced by intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin (STZ). In addition to the already described effect of STZ on cognition, we show that this drug also causes metabolic changes which are linked to changes in hypothalamic insulin signaling and orexigenic and anorexigenic circuitries, as well as a decreased cellular integrated stress response. As expected, the supplementation with 150 mg/kg of BFT for 30 days increased blood concentrations of thiamine and its phosphate esters. This led to the prevention of body weight and fat loss in STZ-ICV-treated animals. In addition, we also found an improvement in food consumption, despite hypothalamic gene expression linked to anorexia after STZ exposure. Additionally, decreased apoptosis signaling was observed in the hypothalamus. In in vitro experiments, we noticed a high ability of BFT to increase insulin sensitivity in hypothalamic neurons. Furthermore, we also observed that BFT decreases the mitochondrial unfolded stress response damage by preventing the loss of HSP60 and reversed the mitochondria dysfunction caused by STZ. Taken together, these results suggest that benfotiamine treatment is a potential therapeutic approach in the treatment of hypothalamic dysfunction and metabolic disturbances associated with sporadic AD.

Impact of immobilized algae and its consortium in biodegradation of the textile dyes

In biological engineering, cell immobilization is a modern technique for immobilizing free cells in a small space. Disintegration and elimination of azo dyes [Reactive Orange 122 (orange 2RL) and Reactive Red 194 (Reactive Red M-2BF)] were investigated by using Chlorococcum sp. and Chlorococcum sp. mixed with Scenedesmus obliquus, respectively. After 7 days of incubation, the maximum decolorization was spotted at 40 ppm for Reactive Orange 122 and 20 ppm for Reactive Red 194 by Chlorococcum sp. and Chlorococcum sp. mixed with S. obliquus, respectively. The findings revealed that the best decolorization activity was found at pH 11 and 25 °C under aeration conditions. BG11 was considered the best medium for azo dye decolorization with a high decolorization percentage. Additionally, different concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus show the high activity of decolorization of both dyes. Referring to vitamins (thiamin and Ascorbic acid), all studied concentrations showed high decolorization activity with immobilized Chlorococcum sp. mixed with S. obliquus; however, different concentrations (20, 40, and 60 mg/l) of thiamin showed completely decolorization of Reactive Red 194 after 3 days, and 60 mg/l of ascorbic acid showed completely decolorization of Reactive Orange 122 after 5 days of inoculation. FT-IR and GC-Ms analysis for azo dyes after and before treatment with Immobilization of Chlorococcum sp. and Chlorococcum sp. mixed with Scenedesmus obliquus were detected. Novelty statement: The natural carrier algae and its consortium combined with a suitable immobilization technique were considered in this study, which is non-toxic, enhanced their bioremediation potential for dyes, and allowed multiple uses of biocatalysts. The novel use of the immobilization and its consortium of algae on the degradation efficiency of azo dyes and studying the effect of physicochemical conditions on decolorization and degradation of azo dyes. Application of immobilization techniques using microalgae could be excellent bioremediation of wastewaters.

Comparative study of solid-state fermentation with different microbial strains on the bioactive compounds and microstructure of brown rice

The effects of solid-state fermentation (SSF) with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rhizopus oryzae, Aspergillus oryzae, and Neurospora sitophila were determined on the bioactive compound content and grain microstructure of brown rice (BR). After SSF, the β-glucan, arabinoxylans, γ-oryzanol, thiamine, riboflavin, phenolic, and flavonoid contents increased by 147, 11.2, 30.5, 16.9, 21.1, 76%, and 49.6%, respectively, indicating a marked increase in bioactive compound content. In addition, the water-soluble dietary fiber and arabinoxylan contents, and free phenolic and flavonoid contents significantly increased (p < 0.05). These changes were consistent with the microstructural changes observed after SSF, i.e., the outer cortex was rough, cracked, porous and separated from the starch endosperm, which was also cracked and porous; this should increase the dietary bioavailability of the bioactive compounds. SSF, especially with A. oryzae and Lb. plantarum, greatly enhanced the bioactive compound content in BR and has great potential in BR processing.

Thiamine Demonstrates Bio-Preservative and Anti-Microbial Effects in Minced Beef Meat Storage and Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages.

Simple SummaryThiamine (TA), also known as vitamin B1, is an essential amino acid derived from food sources for normal body function. TA is thought to have antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory effects in addition to its nutritional benefits. The degree to which a number of microorganisms implicated in food rotting are sensitive to increasing concentrations of thiamine (TA), was examined. TA at increasing concentration was incubated with minced beef and then physicochemical and microbiological assessments were conducted. LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells were used to test TA’s anti-inflammatory capabilities. Western blot analysis revealed the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Finally, the ability of TA to act as a natural preservative was evaluated.This study assessed the anti-inflammatory effect of thiamine (TA) in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and also assessed the preservative properties of TA in minced beef. TA demonstrated a concentration-dependent antimicrobial effect on microbial contaminants. Inhibition zones and MIC from the effect of TA on the tested bacterial strains were respectively within the ranges 15–20 mm and 62.5–700 µg/mL. TA significantly (p < 0.05) decreased all the pro-inflammatory factors [(nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)] monitored relative to LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. TA inhibited the expression of both iNOS and COX-2. In minced beef flesh, the growth of Listeria monocytogenes was inhibited by TA. TA improved physicochemical and microbiological parameters of stored minced beef meat compared to control. Principal component analyses and heat maps elucidate the quality of the tested meats.

Nutritional and sensory properties of biscuits based on wheat (Triticum aestivum), beniseed seed (Sesamum indicum) and sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) composite flour

This study evaluated the nutritional and sensory characteristics of biscuits produced from wheat/beniseed seed/sweet potato composite flour. Four flour samples from wheat, defatted beniseed and sweet potato flours in the ratios of 100:0:0; 80:10:10; 70:20:10; and 60:30:10, respectively with other ingredients were used to produce biscuits. Samples were analyzed for proximate content, vitamins and minerals, antinutrients, sensory and microbial properties using standard procedures. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA. Crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, ash, carbohydrate and energy composition of samples ranged from 8.39-12.07 g 100-g–1, 17.52-22.59 mg 100-g–1, 0.60-4.20 g 100-g–1, 1.18-2.29 g 100-g–1, 67.11-60.53 g 100-g–1 and 460.34-491.11 kCal 100-g–1, respectively. Calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus, iron and zinc contents ranged from 474.50-843.75, 498.75-845.00, 267.50-568.50, 92.50-105.75, 82.25- 288.25, 3.88-5.99, and 0.07-0.32 mg 100-g–1, respectively. Beta-carotene, thiamin, niacin and tocopherol contents were 429.20-441.93 μg 100-g–1, 4.03-4.83, 17.87-19.57 and 54.87-62.77 mg 100-g–1, respectively. Most nutrients increasedwith increasing beniseed substitution levels. Phytate andoxalate contents of samples here within permissible levels. Sensory properties decreased from 7.78-5.60, 7.90-5.00, 7.00-6.53, 6.80-5.83, 7.87-5.23 for colour, taste, crispiness, texture and general acceptability, respectively. Number of colonies were negligible after storage for 21days. Beniseed (20%) and sweet potato (10%) flours substitution for wheat flour produced acceptable biscuits with higher protein and micronutrient composition and acceptable sensory properties than wholly wheat flour and other composite flour biscuits.

The Vital Role of ShTHIC from the Endophyte OsiSh-2 in Thiamine Biosynthesis and Blast Resistance in the OsiSh-2-Rice Symbiont.

Endophytes can benefit the growth and stress resistance of host plants by secreting bioactive components. Thiamine is an essential vitamin involved in many metabolic pathways and can only be synthesized by microbes and plants. In this study, we found that thiamine could inhibit the development of the phytopathogen Magnaporthe oryzae and decrease the rice blast index under field conditions. In the thiamine biosynthesis pathway, the key enzyme ShTHIC of an endophyte Streptomyces hygroscopicus OsiSh-2 and OsTHIC of rice (Oryza sativa) were highly homologous. Gene overexpression or knockout approaches revealed that both THIC contributed to thiamine synthesis and resistance to M. oryzae. Furthermore, S. hygroscopicus OsiSh-2 colonization led to a decrease in the thiamine synthesis level of rice but still maintained thiamine homeostasis in rice. However, inoculation with the ShTHIC knockout strain ΔTHIC reduced the thiamine content in rice, although the thiamine synthesis level of rice was increased. After infection with M. oryzae, blast resistance was dramatically improved in OsiSh-2-inoculated rice but decreased in ΔTHIC-inoculated rice compared with non-inoculated rice. This result demonstrated that ShTHIC could regulate thiamine biosynthesis and consequently assist blast resistance in the OsiSh-2-rice symbiont. Our results revealed a novel blast-resistance mechanism mediated by a key thiamine biosynthetic enzyme from an endophyte OsiSh-2.

Revealing inhibitory mechanism of thiamine on the formation of 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f] quinoxaline based on quantum chemistry calculations and experimental verification

The effects of five water-soluble vitamins (thiamine, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, pyridoxine, l-ascorbic acid) on the formation of MeIQx in a chemical model system containing glycine/glucose/creatinine were investigated. Thiamine was the most potential inhibitor among these five vitamins, which could reduce the formation of MeIQx by 33.9%–100.0%, depending on the concentration of thiamine. Furthermore, the inhibiting effect of thiamine was highly correlated (R2 = 0.887) with its trapping capabilities for methylglyoxal. The proposed inhibitory mechanism of thiamine on the formation of MeIQx was based on quantum chemistry calculations and structural elucidation of the 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine-methylglyoxal adduct. This study indicated that thiamine could act as an effective inhibitor on the formation of MeIQx, and trapping methylglyoxal may be its key inhibiting mechanism on MeIQx's formation. These findings provide a new idea for the study of the sustained-release effect of new inhibitors on heterocyclic aromatic amines in the future.

A screening study of relationships among concentrations of algal toxins, PFAS, thiamine deficiency and biomarkers in the European flounder from the southern Baltic Sea

In the disturbed Baltic Sea ecosystem, several animal species display failing health related to exposure to toxic compounds, reduced energy metabolism and immune system disorders. In order to investigate possible associations between fish health and exposure to chemicals affecting the energy metabolism and immune defence, the levels of algal toxins (bromophenols, hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers and nodularin), perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) and thiamine (vitamin B1) were determined in European flounder (Platichthys flesus). Several biomarkers indicating health status were examined in the fish, including ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), and activities of glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase and catalase, in addition to a large set of blood variables. The fish were collected from Hanöbukten in the south-western parts of the Baltic Sea in late August 2018. Regression analyses of algal toxins, PFAS and thiamine concentration displayed several significant associations with biomarkers associated with detoxification and liver function, immune system function and blood status of the fish.

Serum Ascorbic Acid and Thiamine Concentrations in Sepsis: Secondary Analysis of the Swiss Pediatric Sepsis Study.

To determine circulating levels of ascorbic acid (VitC) and thiamine (VitB1) in neonates and children with blood culture-proven sepsis. Nested single-center study of neonates and children prospectively included in the Swiss Pediatric Sepsis Study. One tertiary care academic hospital. Sixty-one neonates and children 0-16 years old. None. VitC and VitB1 were quantified in serum of patients (median age, 10.5 mo; interquartile range [IQR], 0.5-62.1 mo) with blood culture-proven sepsis. Median time between sepsis onset and sampling for measurement of vitamins was 3 days (IQR, 2-4 d). Median serum levels of VitC and VitB1 were 32.4 μmol/L (18.9-53.3 μmol/L) and 22.5 nmol/L (12.6-82 nmol/L); 36% of the patients (22/61) had low VitC and 10% (6/61) had VitC deficiency; and 72% (44/61) had low VitB1 and 13% (8/61) had VitB1 deficiency. Children with low VitC were older (p = 0.007) and had higher C-reactive protein (p = 0.004) compared with children with VitC within the normal range. Children with low VitB1 levels were older (p = 0.0009) and were less frequently receiving enteral or parenteral vitamin supplementation (p = 0.0000003) compared with children with normal VitB1 levels. In this cohort of newborns and children with sepsis, low and deficient VitC and VitB1 levels were frequently observed. Age, systemic inflammation, and vitamin supplementation were associated with vitamin levels during sepsis.

Melatonin priming as a promising approach to improve biomass accumulation and the nutritional values of Chenopodium quinoa sprouts: A genotype-based study

Increasing the production of horticultural crops is one of the most important challenges worldwide. Seed priming is a promising agricultural procedure for supporting growth and quality of economic crops. Among the most efficient seed priming agents that play a significant role in improving plant growth, chemical composition and bioactivity is melatonin (MT). This study was carried out to investigate the impact of MT priming on sprouting of three genotypes of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) and their nutritive value. Different primary and secondary metabolites of the three genotypes (regalona, kvl-sra2, Q37) were quantified. MT priming promoted the growth of quinoa genotypes by increasing their biomass accumulation and total nutrient content. Regarding the effect of MT priming on pigments, there was an obvious upward trend in leaf pigments of regalona. Besides, our results showed that MT priming increased the vitamins content such as thiamin and tocopherol content. Essential amino acids, organic acids and unsaturated fatty acids were significantly higher in MT-primed plants relative to the corresponding controls. Further, MT priming enhanced the accumulation of total soluble sugar, polyphenols, and flavonoids, which contribute to higher antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. Interestingly, species-specific responses toward MT priming were noticeable, where kvl-sra2 sprouts showed the highest antioxidant and antidiabetic activities among the three-quinoa genotypes. Overall, the current results suggest that MT priming could be used as a powerful agricultural approach to improve the growth and functional food value of quinoa sprouts.