We investigated the potential of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer nanocomposites (TPUNs) as alternative elastomeric heat shielding materials (EHSMs) in ablative applications. Three different nanofillers were tested – montmorillonite clay (MMT clay), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) – and formulations were made for each material with a range of weight loadings. Small scale ablation testing was performed using an oxyacetylene test bed and Kevlar-filled EPDM as the baseline EHSM. Mass loss, recession, and char thickness values were measured in addition to in situ internal temperatures. The TPUN formulations with 5 and 7.5wt% MMT clay showed the best results, outperforming the baseline in recession and peak temperature values. SEM images of the char from MMT clay containing TPUNs showed ablative re-assembly, which likely served to enhance the material performance. Overall, results showed that the TPUN ablatives performed well relative to the baseline EHSM.