Thermoluminescence Properties Research Articles

Thermoluminescence assessment of quartz veins emplaced in Talc-Schist Metamorphic Rocks, Egypt

The current work is aimed to study the thermoluminescence (TL) properties of natural milky quartz associated with Metamorphic Rocks extracted from the Eastern Desert of Egypt. Atomic absorption spectrometer was used to assess the chemical compositions of the samples, and X-ray diffraction was used to examine the structural properties (XRD). The deconvolution of the glow curve was carried out and revealed that there were ten trapping sites at 0.623, 0.936, 1.02, 1.06, 1.31, 1.47, 1.58, 1.76, 2.49, and 2.96 eV. The linearity of the sample was examined for each glow peak. The analysis of the glow curve was studied also by Tm − Tstop and various heating rates (VHR) giving the kinetics parameters (activation energy E, eV).The minimum detectable dose of the investigated samples was found to be 24 µGy. The dosimeter demonstrated a high level of repeatability. The fading signal was investigated for varying storage times up to 30 days.Graphical abstract

Thermally stimulated luminescence properties of MgTa2O6 prepared by solid-state chemical reaction

Persistent luminescent (PLUM) materials have been developed for a variety of applications in road marking, toys decoration, safety and bio-imaging. Such materials are set to answer the need for energy conservation. In this work, Magnesium Tantalate (MgTa2O6) compound was synthesized by a conventional solid-state chemical reaction route at 800 °C for 8 h, after ball milling the mixed precursors. The MgTa2O6 compound was confirmed with only minor impurities of Ta2O5, as identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of MgTa2O6 showed a surface morphology with different shapes and sizes, which are bound to each other. The energy band gap of the material was approximated to 4.34 eV using the Kubelka-Munk relation. The photoluminescence (PL) spectrum displayed a broad emission between 360 and 780 nm, when the sample was excited with a 295 nm beam, as observed from the photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectrum. Upon investigating the thermoluminescence (TL) properties of the compound, the glow curves revealed the presence of at least three prominent electron trapping centres at ∼108, ∼258, and ∼315 °C. The competition between electron trapping centres, pre-heating effects, stability of the electron trapping centres and TL fading were examined. In addition, the depth of the electron trapping centres was determined. From the TL analysis, the prominent electron trapping centres were approximated to 0.75 ± 0.04 eV, 1.28 ± 0.07 and 1.55 ± 0.02 eV. Additionally, from the stable electron trapping centres and TL signal fading study, results indicated that MgTa2O6 is a promising material for energy storage applications.

DFT study of the role of point and complex defects on luminescence, electronic, and thermodynamic properties of LiF: Mg

Thermoluminescence properties of the most widely used thermoluminescence dosimeter, namely LiF: Mg, Ti, are controlled by the concentration of the Mg dopant. The origin of the thermoluminescence peaks and the optical absorption peaks of irradiated LiF: Mg is still not fully understood. In this work, the role of point and complex, intrinsic and extrinsic defects on the electronic structure and thermodynamics of LiF: Mg has been investigated by DFT. The calculations show that the defect complex formed by an Mg impurity with an adjacent F vacancy capturing two electrons, which forms a Z2 center, cannot contribute to thermoluminescence or to luminescence in general. The reason is an induced Stark effect that shifts the defect states into either valence or conduction bands. These findings suggest that to maximize the thermoluminescence response, it would be important to maximize the number of Mg atoms isolated from F vacancies.

Synthesis, structural characteristics and thermoluminscence features of KCl:Mn and KCl:Ce phosphors

Manganese and cerium doped potassium chloride (KCl:Mn and KCl:Ce) were produced by the co-precipitation method with ultrasonic waves. Characterization of the samples material was carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) patterns. The optimum amount of manganese and cerium concentration with the most thermoluminescence (TL) sensitivity was obtained at 0.3 mol% in KCl:Mn and 0.5 mol% in KCl:Ce samples. To evaluate the number of component glow peaks and the kinetic parameters of the TL glow curve of synthesized materials, computerized glow curve deconvolution (CGCD) and Tm-Tstop methods were used. The thermoluminescence properties of phosphors were studied at different doses. The TL response was linear in the range of 10–1000 Gy. Other TL features of the prepared material are also discussed.

Thermoluminescence study of Pink Himalayan salt from Khewra mines, Pakistan

In this study thermoluminescence characteristics of the pink Himalayan salt has been studied. For this purpose, pellets of pink Himalayan salt weighing 40 mg were prepared. The ICP-OES and EDX analytical techniques were used to find the elemental composition of the sample. It confirms the presence of Al, Mg, Ca, Sr, S, Zn, K, Mn and Fe etc. along with the main matrix. The XRD analysis shows that the salt has face centered cubic (FCC) structure with average crystallite size of 70.6 nm. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used for surface morphology. To investigate the thermoluminescence properties, the pellets were irradiated with 137Cs source in the dose range of 1–5000 mGy. The glow curve indicated the presence of three peaks namely P1, P2 & P3 with two very prominent peaks occurring at 135 °C and 260 °C. The Tmax-Tstop procedure revealed the coinciding peaks in the glow curve and their relative positions. The trapping/kinetic parameters, such as electron trap depth (E), order of kinetic (b) and frequency factor (s) were explored by employing CGCD technique. The values of figures of merit (FOM) calculated at different doses (500 mGy, 1 Gy, 2 Gy & 5 Gy) were found to be 1.14%, 1.24%, 1.11% and 1.13% respectively. This indicates excellent agreement between the experimental and theoretical fitting. The post irradiation fading of the sample pellets were studied at dose of 500 mGy for different time intervals up to 8 week and 30% loss in TL signal was observed within first 24 h which becomes stable after 2 week. On the basis of these results it can be concluded that pink Himalayan salt has a potential to be used in radiation dosimetry.

Thermoluminescence studies of calcite conducted by bacterial CaCO3 precipitation in organic soil

In this study, the thermoluminescence (TL) properties of the calcite conducted by bacterial calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitation (BCCP) in organic soils were investigated. The bacterial calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitation (BCCP) is a popular technique and has been applied in a variety of civil and geotechnical engineering applications. For example, bacterial calcium carbonate precipitation fills the gaps on the organic ground and makes cementing it with the biological method using bacteria. The study reveals that the calcium carbonate mineral called as calcite has a clear TL glow curve with four main peaks located around 90, 140, 210 and 240 °C, a wide linear dose response region between 140Gy and 2.3 kGy is observed. In addition, a good reusability is seen in the high temperature peaks. The TL glow curve peaks are not affected by reusability. Although the dosimetric peaks at 210 and 240 °C appear to be nearly constant, the TL peak intensities at 90 °C and 140 °C completely faded after 24 and 336 h storage time, respectively. The activation energies (Ea) and frequency factors (s) for peaks at 90 °C, 140 °C, 210 °C and 240 °C were evaluated via variable heating rate (VHR). The activation energy of the peaks in the TL glow curve is lying between 0.57eV and 1.04 eV.

Luminescence studies in touch screen protective glass of mobile phones for its possible application as retrospective dosimeter

Thermoluminescence (TL) properties of display glass from three mobile phone brands were investigated for its application as a dosimeter in accident situation. The glow curves show TL peak between 520 and 550 K and have broad emission spectrum from 300 to 650 nm with a maximum at about 460 nm and a minor shoulder at about 590 nm. Thermal quenching studies of all three display glasses show that there is no thermal quenching. Fading studies show that the decay of the signal is purely thermal in nature and the rate of fading is different from that reported in the literature. A suitable protocol in order to minimise the effect of fading and the inherent background signal was used for dose recovery. Dose recovery tests carried out show that the glass can be used from a few mGy up to the studied dose of 5 Gy.

TL response evaluation for UVA and UVC of LaAlO3:Pr3+ powder

Thermoluminescence properties of lanthanum aluminum oxide (LaAlO3) doped with optically active rare earth ions have been investigated for ultraviolet dosimetry purposes. LaAlO3:Pr3+ powder samples were doped with 2% of Pr3+, for the first research they show two thermoluminescent (TL) peaks at 215±5 °C and 340±4 °C which can be sensitized after 1 min to 12 min of UVA exposure. The material shows TL output and linear response for UVA lamp in 365 nm wavelength light. On the other hand, the powder samples that were irradiated with a UVC lamp at 254 nm, it also shows one peak and a shoulder, the maximum peak in a range that goes from 195 °C to 220 °C, in which the exposure time was varied from 5 to 30 seconds and the shoulder remains stable at 345± 8 ° C. The experiments demonstrates that LaAlO3: Pr3+ powders are very attractive to be investigated as UVA and UVC dosimeters.

Thermoluminescence characterization of minerals extracted from dried oregano for retrospective and/or sterilization dosimetry

Silicate minerals extracted by dried herbs are broadly used for the determination of food products that are sterilized by means of radiation. At the same time, it is necessary to calculate the applied sterilization dose for these products, since there are certain pre-defined dose limits for the variant food categories.In addition, researchers seek for materials that can be used in retrospective/accidental dosimetry, in the cases that there is no available data from personal dosimeters. In this perspective, dried oregano is used worldwide and is a popular herb for most households.The purpose of this study is twofold; the evaluation of the extracted minerals for the assessment of the post-sterilization dose and the estimation of the accidental dose that certain population might have been exposed to. In order to succeed this purpose, a thorough characterization of the thermoluminescence (TL) properties of the silicate minerals was conducted. Two dose ranges were studied, for the two different applications mentioned above, namely a range between 0.050 and 4 kGy and a range between 1 and 20 Gy. ResultsData reveal that the glow curve of the silicate minerals has at least three overlapping peaks in the dosimetric spectrum. The material exhibits strong sensitization effects, which can be suppressed by including a sensitization correction within the applied protocols. All three peaks demonstrate linear dose response for doses up to 20 Gy, while for the range of 0.050 Gy–4 kGy a saturation curve is used for the fitting.An unknown delivered dose is successfully estimated by a dose recovery test, when the applied dose belongs to the lower dose range. The stability of the signal with respect to the storage time differs for the three peaks and the remaining signal is appreciable for 1 month post irradiation.Finally, a Computerized Curve Deconvolution Analysis (CCDA) was conducted, based on the equations of the general order kinetics. The TL glow curves of all doses were successfully deconvoluted using eight discrete-energy curves and the corresponding kinetic parameters were also calculated.The findings of the present study support the potential use of the silicate minerals, extracted by dried oregano for accidental/retrospective dosimetric applications.

Structural and thermoluminescence properties of borate mineral ulexite

Natural ulexite (NaCaB5O6(OH)6.5H2O) mineral is an industrially important boron compound. In this work, the thermoluminescence (TL) properties in ulexite after beta irradiation and subsequent annealing were thoroughly investigated for radiation dosimetry. It has been determined by polarized x-ray fluorescence (PEDXRF) analysis that natural ulexite mineral contains 42.11% of B2O3, 17.93% of CaO, and 4.27% of Na2O in its structure. After the appropriate sintering at 800 °C for 8 h, calcium borate (CaB2O4) and ulexite phases were found in its structure using x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The CaB2O4 rich (CBR) powder samples were doped with different Cu concentrations of 0.01–7% wt, and the appropriate Cu concentration was determined as 1% wt considering the TL signal intensities. The TL glow curve of 1% wt Cu doped CBR sample exhibited five TL peaks at ∼74, 122, 169, 224, and 323 °C for a 2 °C/s heating rate. The activation energies of these peaks were evaluated as ∼0.80, 0.89, 1.08, 1.16, and 1.24 eV, respectively, and the frequency factors were found to be between ∼108 ‒ 1010 s−1. The phosphor showed a sublinear behavior with no saturation up to 100 Gy. Fading of the TL peak at 333 °C after β-ray irradiation (from 90Sr/90Y) and dark storage at room temperature (RT) was recorded as 5% at the end of the 4th week. Through this preliminary study, it can be proposed that ulexite might be a candidate for dosimetric applications if this natural material is further developed using different dopants and various methods.

Self‐Charging Persistent Mechanoluminescence with Mechanics Storage and Visualization Activities

Persistent mechanoluminescence (ML) with long lifetime is highly required to break the limits of the transient emitting behavior under mechanics stimuli. However, the existing materials with persistent ML are completely trap‐controlled, and a pre‐irradiation is required, which severely hinders the practical applications. In this work, a novel type of ML, self‐charging persistent ML, is created by compositing the Sr3Al2O5Cl2:Dy3+ (SAOCD) powders into flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix. With no need for any pre‐irradiation, the as‐fabricated SAOCD/PDMS elastomer could exhibit intense and persistent ML under mechanics stimuli directly, which greatly facilitates its applications in mechanics lighting, displaying, imaging, and visualization. By investigating the matrix effects as well as the thermoluminescence, cathodoluminescence, and triboelectricity properties, the interfacial triboelectrification‐induced electron bombardment processes are demonstrated to be responsible for the self‐charged energy in SAOCD under mechanics stimuli. Based on the unique self‐charging processes, the SAOCD/PDMS further exhibits mechanics storage and visualized reading activities, which brings novel ideas and approaches to deal with the mechanics‐related problems in the fields of mechanical engineering, bioengineering, and artificial intelligence.

Advances in borate- and phosphate-based TL materials for in vivo dosimetry

Thermoluminescence (TL) materials are well known for a very large number of applications in various fields such as medical research, in vivo dosimetry, environmental dosimetry, personal dosimetry, etc. There are several TL materials available in the market such as fluoride, borate, phosphate, silicate, borosilicate glasses, etc. The TL properties of materials change with the doping of rare-earth and transition impurities in different hosts which are useful for different applications. These doped TL materials can be prepared by different techniques such as, the melt-quenching technique, combustion method, sol–gel method, and others. Radiations such as γ-rays, X-rays, β-rays, photon beam, electron beam, neutron beam, etc., can be used to irradiate these TL materials. In the present state of research, interest is being raised to develop new thermoluminescent materials for various applications in the field of material science and radiation therapy for in vivo dosimetry in view of the rise in the number of cancer patients across the globe. In the last few years, borate and phosphate-based TL dosimeters got more attention in radiation dosimetry. So, this review deals with the recent developments and advancements in borate- and phosphate-based TL materials for in vivo dosimetry.

Irradiative thermoluminescence, and defect center analysis in Ni2+ ionic CaAl2SiO6 glass lattice

In this study, we obtained nickel oxide-doped CaAl2SiO6 glasses and analyzed their structural, optical, thermoluminescent, and photoluminescent properties. In general, NiO-doped glasses are useful as optical materials. However, optical materials such as glasses containing Ni2+ ions require refinement of their properties in terms of their structure, thermal stability, microhardness, electrical conductivity, and luminescence to facilitate the development of advanced thermoluminescent materials. Thus, Ni2+ ionic CaAl2SiO6 glasses were synthesized and tested in this study. We observed the amorphous behavior of samples by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, differential thermal analysis, and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The order of density, oxygen packing density, polaronic radius, molar volume, and refractive index were evaluated for the glasses. The glass transition temperatures were identified using DTA to assess the order of the thermal stabilities, where the highest was found for the Ni0.6Ca9.4Al30Si60 glass. The modes of molecular vibrations for Ni–O–Ni, Ca–O–Ca, Al–O–Al, and Si–O–Si molecules were identified using FT-IR. The highest transmittance intensities were determined for the Ni0.6Ca9.4Al30Si60 glass. The order of the electrical conductivity and activation energy were obtained for glasses using DC conductivity measurements, where the highest was found for the Ni0.6Ca9.4Al30Si60 glass. Optical absorption spectra were recorded for the glasses to determine the order of the band gap (∼0.78 eV) and nephelauxetic ratio (0.799). The photoluminescence was recorded for the glasses at an excitation wavelength of 400 nm to determine the order of the transition probability (∼1.85 S–1) and luminescence emission cross section (∼0.819 × 10−34 cm2). The highest transmittance intensities were obtained for the Ni0.6Ca9.4Al30Si60 glass. Thermoluminescence was recorded for the glasses under gamma irradiation at a dose of 30 kGy, which yielded the shape symmetry factor (∼0.535%), frequency factor (1.31 S–1), and activation energy (∼0.551 eV). Irradiative thermoluminescent analysis suggested a higher order octahedral tendency, and the divalent oxidation states for nickel ions in the glass with an NiO concentration of 0.6 mol% obtained the best thermoluminescent intensities. The orders of the elastic modulus, nephelauxetic ratio, and microhardness for the glasses suggested covalently connected elastic lattices.

Thermoluminescence characteristics of different phase transitions from nanocrystalline alumina

Nanocrystalline boehmite material was synthesized using the hydrothermal method. Different annealing temperatures have been used to transform boehmite into different alumina phases to study the effect of different phase transitions on the thermoluminescence properties of alumina. XRD analysis was carried out to investigate the crystal structure of the different alumina phases. The thermoluminescence glow curves for different alumina phases showed different structures; however, the sensitivity was almost constant for all the phase transitions of alumina over the applied dose ranging from 0.55 to 330 Gy.

Thermal Annealing Effect on the Thermoluminescence Properties of Commercial High‐Pressure High‐Temperature Diamond Powders

Diamond applications as thermoluminescence (TL) radiation detectors and dosimeters are extensively studied, especially in synthetic chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and high‐pressure high‐temperature (HPHT) diamonds. Herein, a comparative study of the thermal annealing (TA) effect on the TL properties of four samples of commercial HPHT microdiamonds (MD) powder with a 10–600 μm‐sized range purchased from PlasmaChem is reported. The TL measurements and irradiations are performed using a RISØ TL/OSL reader (β‐radiation, 90Sr/90Y). The TL glow curve analysis and dose behavior are studied with and without TA. The TL glow curves are composed of mainly two broadbands located around room temperature (RT) at 127 °C and 127–400 °C. TA at higher temperatures produces a shift of the maximum TL peak toward the higher‐temperature side. After TA at 1000 °C, the TL repeatability is significantly improved with deviations around 3.4%, showing better TL performance. The TL fading in 24 h immediately after irradiation at RT is observed to be around 49–60% without TA and 18–26% after TA at 1000 °C. The present findings demonstrate that TA at 1000 °C increases the TL performance of the HPHT MD particles as TL dosimeters suitable for ionizing radiation.

LiTaO3:Bi3+,Tb3+,Ga3+,Ge4+: A Smart Perovskite with High Charge Carrier Storage Capacity for X‐Ray Imaging, Stress Sensing, and Non‐Real‐Time Recording

AbstractDeveloping X‐ray or UV‐light charged storage and mechanoluminescence (ML) materials with high charge carrier storage capacity is challenging. Such materials have promising utilization in developing new applications, for example, in flexible X‐ray imaging, stress sensing, or non‐real‐time recording. Herein, the study reports on such materials; Bi3+, Tb3+, Ga3+, or Ge4+ doped LiTaO3 perovskite storage and ML phosphors. Their photoluminescence, thermoluminescence (TL), and ML properties are studied. The charge carrier trapping and release processes in the Bi3+, Tb3+, Ga3+, or Ge4+ doped LiTaO3 are explained by using the constructed vacuum referred binding energy diagram of LiTaO3 including the energy level locations of unintended defects, Tb3+, Bi3+, and Bi2+. The ratio of the TL intensity after X‐ray charging of the optimized LiTaO3:0.005Bi3+,0.006Tb3+,0.05Ga3+, or LiTaO3:0.005Bi3+,0.006Tb3+,0.05Ge4+ to that of the state‐of‐the‐art BaFBr(I):Eu2+ is ≈1.2 and 2.7, respectively. Force induced charge carrier storage phenomena is studied in the Tb3+, Bi3+, Ga3+, or Ge4+ doped LiTaO3. Proof‐of‐concept compression force distribution sensing and X‐ray imaging is demonstrated by using optimized LiTaO3:0.005Bi3+,0.006Tb3+,0.05Ga3+ dispersed in a hard epoxy resin disc and in a silicone gel film. Proof‐of‐concept color‐tailorable ML for anti‐counterfeiting is demonstrated by admixing commercial ZnS:Cu+,Mn2+ with optimized LiTaO3:0.005Bi3+,0.006Tb3+,0.05Ge4+ in an epoxy resin disc.

Thermoluminescent Tb(III) and Dy(III) complexes with redox-active ligands: experimental and theoretical study.

Thermoluminescence and persistent luminescent materials with unique delayed emission have attracted much attention and exhibit great promise in optical information storage. In this manuscript, to reveal the thermoluminescence mechanism, a combined experimental and theoretical study of ternary Ln(NO3 )2 Acac(Phen)2 complexes, where Ln is Tb(III), Dy(III), Eu(III), Acac is acetylacetonate anion, and Phen is 1,10-phenanthroline, was carried out. The terbium and dysprosium complexes had thermoluminescence properties, while the europium complex did not. A thermoluminescence mechanism is proposed: the powerful double π-conjugate phenanthroline system appearance upon photoexcitation, the peculiarities of frontier orbitals, the abnormally small highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital gap, and the geometrical changes in the terbium and dysprosium complexes led us to suggest that phenanthroline molecules serve as 'chemical' electron traps. Therefore, we succeeded in 'freezing' and storing the excited state of complexes I and II indefinitely. The obtained thermoluminescent materials with 'chemical' traps of electrons are capable of storing the energy from incident photons and exhibit a great opportunity in optical information storage and anticounterfeiting applications.

Thermoluminescence characterization and kinetic parameters of Dy3+ activated Ca3Y2B4O12

In this study, thermoluminescence (TL) characteristics of Ca3Y2B4O12:xDy (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.07) phosphor samples were studied. The samples were exposed to beta irradiation in the dose range from 0.1 Gy to 100 Gy to investigate TL dose response. The concentration of Dy3+ in Ca3Y2B4O12 phosphor was optimized and found to be 1 mass % in terms of TL signal quality. The TL glow curve appears to be consisted of three peaks which were discernible at 72 °C, 280 °C and 376 °C. The trapping parameters (E, b, and s) were calculated using initial rise (IR), and variable heating rate (VHR) techniques. The trapping parameters, order of kinetics, frequency factor, and figure of merit have been all determined by means of the Glow Curve Deconvolution (GCD) method (tgcd:An R package). Ca3Y2B4O12:Dy phosphor displays efficient thermoluminescence properties.

Investigation of structural, photoluminescence, and thermoluminescence properties of Praseodymium doped CaWO4 phosphor

The structural, optical, photoluminescence and thermoluminescence behaviors of Praseodymium doped CaWO4 (Ca1−xPr2x/3WO4; x = 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05) phosphors prepared via conventional solid-state reaction route were reported in this paper. X-ray diffraction study revealed the fact that all the synthesized samples crystallize in a tetragonal structure with I41/a (88) space group and the structural parameters were obtained from the Reitveld refinement. The unit cell volume was found to rise with the increase in Pr concentration. The bandgaps of the prepared samples were obtained from the UV-Visible absorbance spectra by using the Wood-Tauc method. Bandgap and unit cell volume of the prepared samples were directly proportional to each other. Photoluminescence behaviors were investigated from the excitation and the emission spectra. The PL spectra highlight that the quenching occurs at x = 0.02 and the critical distance for energy transfer of the phosphor was found to be 20 Å. Dexter theory was applied to determine the mechanism of quenching and confirmed that the concentration quenching was caused by the dipole-dipole interaction. CIE Chromaticity denoted that the phosphors emit red color. Color purity and CCT of the material were calculated. Thermoluminescence behaviors were studied with different durations of UV dose for the composition x = 0.02 and the kinetic parameters were calculated. Variations of TL emission intensity with temperature confirmed the second-order kinetics of the phosphor with a critical quenching concentration at x = 0.02.

Dosimetric properties of potassium magnesium borate glass doped with copper

The present article deals with potassium magnesium borate glass activated with copper that was prepared by a melting quenching technique to study the feasibility of this glass as a radiation dosimeter. The prepared glasses were characterized through X-ray diffraction and FTIR spectroscopy and some of the glasses optical and physical parameters have been interpreted. The thermoluminescence properties of the prepared samples were studied, and the results revealed that the potassium magnesium borate doped with 0.07 wt% with copper has the highest thermoluminescent response. The glow curve of potassium magnesium borate doped with 0.07 wt% of copper has seven overlapping peaks with maximum temperatures of 383.09, 400.71, 413.26, 426.59, 445.98, 476.57 and 534.04 K, and the TL-response is linear from 0.11 to 165 Gy. From the present study, the potassium magnesium borate doped with 0.07 mol% from copper may be applicable for measuring the radiation dose.