Thermodynamic Coupling Research Articles

Determination of fan height based on FDM nozzle temperature field analysis—an example of babbitt alloys

In this paper, the phenomenon of nozzle clogging or drooling droplets in the process of FDM metal 3D printing of tin-based Babbitt alloys was evaluated by simulation to assess the effects of different heights of cooling fans on the printer’s nozzle cooling module, and the optimal height of the fans was determined. Based on the thermal analysis results, a thermodynamic coupling analysis was carried out to analyze the thermodynamic changes of the nozzle at a given temperature. Finally, the printing trials of tin-based Babbitt alloy were carried out using self-developed forming equipment to verify the accuracy of the theory. The results show that the print quality can be effectively improved by controlling the heat dissipation module of the printer nozzle. The printed material exhibited a uniform and fine microstructure in the 3D printing trials of tin-based Babbitt alloy.

The thermal response of the ignition and combustion of high-energy material projectiles under the influence of heat

The thermal response of energetic materials involves processes of thermochemical mechanical coupling, which can lead to thermal damage in such materials both before and after ignition, thereby increasing ignition sensitivity and the level of danger. Many studies to date have either neglected or oversimplified the effects of thermal coupling, leading to significant discrepancies between simulated and experimental outcomes. This paper aims to examine the complex processes of ammunition ignition, combustion, and detonation. Employing finite element simulations in conjunction with Arrhenius dynamics and the ignition growth model theory under thermodynamic coupling analysis, it simulates the entire process from the thermal expansion of B explosive prior to ignition, through to combustion and detonation. It establishes the relationship between the damage and fracture state of the shell and the thermal response of the energetic material at varying heating rates. Findings indicate that the severity of the thermal response is determined by the balance between pressure accumulation and the loss of confinement leading to pressure release. Specifically, at heating rates below 0.25 K/min, the shell fractures before combustion of the energetic material; whereas, at rates exceeding 0.375 K/min, the shell fractures after combustion, significantly increasing the risk. The simulation outcomes of this study show strong correlation with experimental results reported in the literature, offering a valuable reference for simulating the ignition and combustion responses of ammunition with similar structural characteristics.

Experimental and numerical study on earthquake-fire coupling failure mechanism of steel cylindrical tanks

An earthquake-triggered fire domino scenario (E-FDS) is an example of a typical multi-hazard coupling event. The seismic damage can affect the fire resistance of engineering structures, leading to significant mutually amplified phenomena. In this work, a two-stage experimental program is designed to expound the earthquake-fire coupling failure mechanism of steel cylindrical tanks (SCTs). Quasi-static tests are adopted to simulate the damage characteristics of SCTs under seismic excitation (Stage I). Fire tests are adopted to investigate the fire-resistance performance of pre-damaged SCTs (Stage II). The influences of seismic damage on the fire resistance of SCTs are particularly of interest. Three potential seismic damage degrees are considered. The experimental results show that tank specimens exhibit typical diamond-shaped buckling after Stage I. The coupling failure analysis of SCTs is conducted through sequential thermodynamic coupling simulations. Due to factors such as geometric deformation, residual stress, and thermal radiation absorption capacity, the fire resistance of SCTs is significantly attenuated by seismic damage. For the three damage states, fire resistance time attenuation coefficients (0.868, 0.716, 0.511) and critical temperature attenuation coefficients (0.910, 0.779, 0.672) were obtained. This work provides pivotal insights into the mutually amplified phenomena in E-FDSs.

Identification of thermodynamic coupling phenomena and its relevance on flux coupling in pervaporation for bio-refining butanol from multicomponent Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol (ABE) mixtures

A comprehensive investigation of sorption characteristics and the influence of thermodynamic coupling on targeted organophilic pervaporation of bio-butanol from multicomponent Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol (ABE) fermentation solutions is presented, emphasizing the effect of penetrant-penetrant and penetrant-membrane interactions on sorption and permeation. In addition to initial screening of thermodynamic models and simulation of activity coefficients and volume fractions, pervaporation experiments were also analogously conducted for multicomponent ABE feed mixtures. Statistically validated second order models were then derived to forecast the influence of solvent concentrations, feed temperature and mutual interaction terms on butanol volume fractions and partial fluxes. Negative first order coupling effects due to ethanol and acetone are observed to be more significant for both activity coefficients and volume fractions, with sorption being most inhibited when acetone and ethanol are at their highest concentrations in feed. In contrast, contribution of non-linear and second order coupling effects is dominant in flux coupling, with positive “drag effects” due to additional plasticization being less pronounced at higher solvent concentrations. For instance, at 313.15 K, increasing ethanol and acetone concentrations by 3 wt% and 6 wt%, respectively, predicts reduction in volume fractions by approximately 29 % and 43 % compared to 3 wt% butanol-water binary systems. Conversely, the corresponding flux values exhibit initial increase of approximately 17 %, followed by subsequent decrease of around 14 %. However, sorption isotherms indicate that the penetrant-polymer interactions have a negligible influence on butanol volume fractions in the PDMS membrane irrespective of feed composition. Similarly, analysis of flux isotherms also suggests that flux coupling effects may ultimately be traced to thermodynamic coupling phenomena. Consequently, prudent membrane selection for pervaporation becomes crucial to overcome the inherently detrimental thermodynamic coupling effects and improve butanol recovery.

Study on the formation mechanism of shale thermal cracks based on particle flow numerical simulation

Thermal effects on rock mass are involved in many fields, including enhanced oil and gas recovery, unconventional oil and gas development, and nuclear waste deep placement. Temperature change will produce thermal stress in rock mass, leading to thermal cracking. Thermal cracking of shale is frequently involved in these fields. The mechanism of thermal cracking formation in shale is studied in this paper using the method of indoor heating experiment and particle flow method, which discovered that it is difficult to produce obvious thermal cracking in shale matrix, and only a few intercrystalline and intercrystalline fractures and shrinkage fractures of organic matter occur locally. Based on the particle flow method, a shale particle flow model is built that is highly consistent with the macro and micro characteristics of shale, while the systematic calibration method for shale particle flow model microscopic parameters can realize effective calibration of shale particle flow mechanical model microscopic parameters. Using a linked thermodynamic coupling model of shale particle flow based on the mechanical model of shale particle flow, the impacts of heating modes, natural micro cracks, and confining pressures on the thermal cracking evolution of shale were studied.

Conformational Tuning Shapes the Balance between Functional Promiscuity and Specialization in Paralogous Plasmodium Acyl-CoA Binding Proteins.

Paralogous proteins confer enhanced fitness to organisms via complex sequence-conformation codes that shape functional divergence, specialization, or promiscuity. Here, we dissect the underlying mechanism of promiscuous binding versus partial subfunctionalization in paralogues by studying structurally identical acyl-CoA binding proteins (ACBPs) from Plasmodium falciparum that serve as promising drug targets due to their high expression during the protozoan proliferative phase. Combining spectroscopic measurements, solution NMR, SPR, and simulations on two of the paralogues, A16 and A749, we show that minor sequence differences shape nearly every local and global conformational feature. A749 displays a broader and heterogeneous native ensemble, weaker thermodynamic coupling and cooperativity, enhanced fluctuations, and a larger binding pocket volume compared to A16. Site-specific tryptophan probes signal a graded reduction in the sampling of substates in the holo form, which is particularly apparent in A749. The paralogues exhibit a spectrum of binding affinities to different acyl-CoAs with A749, the more promiscuous and hence the likely ancestor, binding 1000-fold stronger to lauroyl-CoA under physiological conditions. We thus demonstrate how minor sequence changes modulate the extent of long-range interactions and dynamics, effectively contributing to the molecular evolution of contrasting functional repertoires in paralogues.

Revealing the evolution mechanism from spot segregation to banded defect above the austenitization temperature

Spot segregation and banded defect are unsolved technical problems of high-quality steel. In this paper, spot segregation of different sizes and irregular morphology were found in equiaxed crystal zones of slab. The characteristics of speckle type and porosity type spot segregation were compared, where the segregation degree of large-size spot segregation was worse. After heat treatment and hot rolling processes, the concentration changes of carbon, manganese, and iron were obtained by EPMA and SEM-EDS. The results showed that the carbon distribution became more even but the change in manganese concentration was not obvious, and the maximum concentration of carbon was almost unchanged, which indicated that severe segregation cannot be alleviated by the existing processes. Circular and irregular atoms were found in the banded defect. These atoms cooperate with thermodynamic coupling caused by hot rolling and contribute to the composition homogenization and void healing of the banded defect. In addition, the connection between holding time and diffusion efficiency was studied by simulating the uphill diffusion process of carbon and manganese at a holding temperature of 1250 °C. When the diameter of the spot segregation was less than 3000 μm, the carbon could uniformly diffuse before 12,000 s, and then if the spot segregation was kept warm for 36,000 s, the mean concentration of manganese was still less than 1.0 wt%, which is too high to be considered homogenized. Finally, an evolution model was established to explain the formation process and evolution mechanism from spot segregation to band defect.

Mega-scale experimental analysis of protein folding stability in biology and design.

Advances in DNA sequencing and machine learning are providing insights into protein sequences and structures on an enormous scale1. However, the energetics driving folding are invisible in these structures and remain largely unknown2. The hidden thermodynamics of folding can drive disease3,4, shape protein evolution5-7 and guide protein engineering8-10, and new approaches are needed to reveal these thermodynamics for every sequence and structure. Here we present cDNA display proteolysis, a method for measuring thermodynamic folding stability for up to 900,000 protein domains in a one-week experiment. From 1.8 million measurements in total, we curated a set of around 776,000 high-quality folding stabilities covering all single amino acid variants and selected double mutants of 331 natural and 148 de novo designed protein domains 40-72 amino acids in length. Using this extensive dataset, we quantified (1) environmental factors influencing amino acid fitness, (2) thermodynamic couplings (including unexpected interactions) between protein sites, and (3) the global divergence between evolutionary amino acid usage and protein folding stability. We also examined how our approach could identify stability determinants in designed proteins and evaluate design methods. The cDNA display proteolysis method is fast, accurate and uniquely scalable, and promises to reveal the quantitative rules for how amino acid sequences encode folding stability.

A coupled computational framework for the transient heat transfer in the typical pyrotechnic device

Propellant combustion in pyrotechnic devices produces high-temperature, high-pressure gas. The component is moved by high-pressure gas, which subsequently impacts the energy absorber and causes it to compress and deform. The temperature difference between the high-temperature gas and the wall causes transient heat transfer. Propellant combustion, transient heat transfer, and structural response are coupled, but previous studies had to independently analyze them. Therefore, a multi-physical field numerical model is developed based on the commercial software ABAQUS in this paper, which couples energetic material combustion, transient heat transfer, and structural response. In the user subroutine VUAMP, a lumped-parameter model is used to predict the parameter distribution of combustion products. This determines the load applied on the thin-walled tube and the boundary conditions of transient heat transfer. In ABAQUS, the transient heat transfer and structural response are investigated by the direct thermo-dynamic coupling method. The coupling effect between multiple physical fields is realized by real-time parameter exchange. The rationality and accuracy of the coupling model are verified by comparison with the experiment. The results show that the coupling model can effectively simulate the complex coupling process after considering the transient heat transfer and the interaction between multiple physical fields. Taking a pyrotechnic device as the research object, the pressure load accuracy obtained by the coupled model is improved by 5.1%, and the structure response obtained is also closer to the experiment result. At the same time, more characteristic parameters of the structure field and temperature field are obtained.

Conformational changes in protein kinase A along its activation cycle are rooted in the folding energetics of cyclic-nucleotide binding domains

Cyclic-nucleotide binding (CNB) domains are structurally and evolutionarily conserved signaling modules that regulate proteins with diverse folds and functions. Despite a wealth of structural information, the mechanisms by which CNB domains couple cyclic-nucleotide binding to conformational changes involved in signal transduction remain unknown. Here we combined single-molecule and computational approaches to investigate the conformation and folding energetics of the two CNB domains of the regulatory subunit of protein kinase A (PKA). We found that the CNB domains exhibit different conformational and folding signatures in the apo state, when bound to cAMP, or when bound to the PKA catalytic subunit, underscoring their ability to adapt to different binding partners. Moreover, we show while the two CNB domains have near-identical structures, their thermodynamic coupling signatures are divergent, leading to distinct cAMP responses and differential mutational effects. Specifically, we demonstrate mutation W260A exerts local and allosteric effects that impact multiple steps of the PKA activation cycle. Taken together, these results highlight the complex interplay between folding energetics, conformational dynamics, and thermodynamic signatures that underlies structurally conserved signaling modules in response to ligand binding and mutational effects.

Solidification path for rapid solidification – Application to multicomponent alloys for L-PBF

Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) is seen as a process of interest by aeronautical industry to develop new engine components. Nevertheless, the reliability and durability of parts produced by L-PBF depend on the possibility to suppress the occurrence of defects. Among them, hot cracking represents a key issue. These cracks are due to the liquid film remaining between grains at the end of the solidification stage combined with stresses and strains endured by the mushy domain. A microsegregation model providing relevant prediction of the solidification path during L-PBF is thus required for coupling with a thermomechanical analysis. As an answer to the industrial need, a new model is proposed and applied in cooling conditions encountered in L-PBF. It includes the initial solidification conditions and follows the phases, and their composition in the interdendritic liquid region to predict the brittle temperature range. Both dendrite tip growth model and kinetic phase diagram due to non-equilibrium interface phenomena are considered. Cross-diffusion of solute species in the liquid phase is accounted for, as well as thermodynamic coupling with CALPHAD. The model will be applied to IN718, a nickel-based superalloy widely used in the aeronautic industry.

Experimental validation and thermodynamics analysis of (Nb, V)(C, N) coupling precipitation in high-strength spring steel FAS3550

Based on the thermodynamic coupling model of multiple microelements in steels, the solid solution and coupling precipitation behavior of Nb-V-N-C system quaternary secondary phase was further verified in microalloyed steels, and combining with the engineering practice in high-strength spring steel FAS3550 containing nanoparticles. According to the thermodynamic calculations, the dissolved V (or Nb) content increased with the increasing addition V (or Nb), while decreased with the increase of addition C, N or Nb (or V). The complete dissolution temperature was 1314 °C, and the effective precipitation temperature of carbonitride was 1060 °C in 0.49%C-0.0060%N-0.03%Nb-0.12%V system spring steel FAS3550, the grains in steel began to coarsen above 1100 °C during heat treatment, and the (Nb, V)(C, N) nanoprecipitates were smaller than 100 nm. The strength and plasticity have been improved simultaneously, and its fatigue life has been increased by 13% after optimizing the heat treatment process.

Coupling of protein condensates to ordered lipid domains determines functional membrane organization.

During T cell activation, the transmembrane adaptor protein LAT (linker for activation of T cells) forms biomolecular condensates with Grb2 and Sos1, facilitating signaling. LAT has also been associated with cholesterol-rich condensed lipid domains; However, the potential coupling between protein condensation and lipid phase separation and its role in organizing T cell signaling were unknown. Here, we report that LAT/Grb2/Sos1 condensates reconstituted on model membranes can induce and template lipid domains, indicating strong coupling between lipid- and protein-based phase separation. Correspondingly, activation of T cells induces cytoplasmic protein condensates that associate with and stabilize raft-like membrane domains. Inversely, lipid domains nucleate and stabilize LAT protein condensates in both reconstituted and living systems. This coupling of lipid and protein assembly is functionally important, as uncoupling of lipid domains from cytoplasmic protein condensates abrogates T cell activation. Thus, thermodynamic coupling between protein condensates and ordered lipid domains regulates the functional organization of living membranes.

Effects of acute cigarette smoke concentrate exposure on mitochondrial energy transfer in fast- and slow-twitch skeletal muscle

The mechanisms underlying cigarette smoke-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle are still poorly understood. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine the effects of cigarette smoke on mitochondrial energy transfer in permeabilized muscle fibers from skeletal muscles with differing metabolic characteristics. The electron transport chain (ETC) capacity, ADP transport, and respiratory control by ADP were assessed in fast- and slow-twitch muscle fibers from C57BL/6 mice (n = 11) acutely exposed to cigarette smoke concentrate (CSC) using high-resolution respirometry. CSC decreased complex I-driven respiration in the white gastrocnemius (CONTROL:45.4 ± 11.2 pmolO2.s−1.mg−1 and CSC:27.5 ± 12.0 pmolO2.s−1.mg−1; p = 0.01) and soleus (CONTROL:63.0 ± 23.8 pmolO2.s−1.mg−1 and CSC:44.6 ± 11.1 pmolO2.s−1.mg−1; p = 0.04). In contrast, the effect of CSC on Complex II-linked respiration increased its relative contribution to muscle respiratory capacity in the white gastrocnemius muscle. The maximal respiratory activity of the ETC was significantly inhibited by CSC in both muscles. Furthermore, the respiration rate dependent on the ADP/ATP transport across the mitochondrial membrane was significantly impaired by CSC in the white gastrocnemius (CONTROL:-70 ± 18 %; CSC:-28 ± 10 %; p < 0.001), but not the soleus (CONTROL:47 ± 16 %; CSC:31 ± 7 %; p = 0.08). CSC also significantly impaired mitochondrial thermodynamic coupling in both muscles. Our findings underscore that acute CSC exposure directly inhibits oxidative phosphorylation in permeabilized muscle fibers. This effect was mediated by significant perturbations of the electron transfer in the respiratory complexes, especially at complex I, in both fast and slow twitch muscles. In contrast, CSC-induced inhibition of the exchange of ADP/ATP across the mitochondrial membrane was fiber-type specific, with a large effect on fast-twitch muscles.

Thermodynamic behavior of rectangular nanoplate under moving laser pulse based on nonlocal dual-phase-lag model

Recently, the moving laser pulse is commonly employed in laser-assisted manufacturing for nanostructures synthesis and modification, however, the involved thermodynamic coupling process is still unclear. In the present work, a nonlocal thermo-elastic model is formulated to reveal the thermodynamic response of rectangular nanoplate subjected to a moving laser pulse, in which the heat conduction at the nanoscale is captured via the nonlocal dual-phase-lag (DPL) model. The temperature distribution in the nanoplate is obtained by Green's function method, which is inserted into the governing equation of the nonlocal nanoplate to obtain its dynamic response. The proposed theoretical model is validated by comparing with the previous experimental study and a good agreement is achieved. This study demonstrates that the size-scale effect plays a significant role in the dynamic response of nanoplate under a moving laser pulse, i.e., the nonlocal heat parameter can reduce the deflection, while the nonlocal structural parameter can enlarge the deflection amplitude of the nanoplate. Furthermore, the influences of size-scale parameters, the moving speed and pulse duration of the laser spot on the temperature profile and dynamic response of the rectangular nanoplate are also investigated in detail. The estimation method presented in this work can be used to guide the laser-assisted manufacturing process for nanostructures.

Unified formulation of convective heat flux and mass flux vectors with thermodynamic coupling and related transfer coefficients

Based on the inherent thermodynamic relations of compressible species in binary mixtures at constant pressure, the general three-dimensional (3D) convective heat flux and mass flux vectors are formulated including the contributions of simultaneous advection, thermal diffusion and mass diffusion and their coupling effects between temperature and concentration gradients. The novel expressions for the diffusion-thermo and thermo-diffusion effects do not require the meager data of thermal diffusion ratio and are valid for both gas and liquid mixtures in laminar flows. The unified flux forms of the Maxwell's electromagnetic equation type are obtained in convective processes. It is further shown that the surface convective heat and mass transfer coefficients can be expressed in terms of the convective heat fluxes and mass fluxes away from surfaces in steady laminar flows, and that the expression of each transfer coefficient yields the identical form on both impermeable and permeable surfaces.

Numerical Study on Thermodynamic Coupling Characteristics of Fluid Sloshing in a Liquid Hydrogen Tank for Heavy-Duty Trucks

The large-amplitude sloshing behavior of liquid hydrogen in a tank for heavy-duty trucks may have adverse effects on the safety and stability of driving. With successful application of liquid hydrogen in the field of new energy vehicles, the coupled thermodynamic performance during liquid hydrogen large-amplitude sloshing becomes more attractive. In this paper, a three-dimensional numerical model is established to simulate the thermodynamic coupling characteristics during liquid hydrogen sloshing in a horizontal tank for heavy-duty trucks. The calculation results obtained by the developed model are in good agreement with experimental data for liquid hydrogen. Based on the established 3D model, the large-amplitude sloshing behavior of liquid hydrogen under extreme acceleration, as well as the effects of acceleration magnitude and duration on liquid hydrogen sloshing, is numerically determined. The simulation results show that under the influence of liquid hydrogen large-amplitude sloshing, the convective heat transfer of fluid in the tank is greatly strengthened, resulting in a decrease in the vapor temperature and an increase in the liquid temperature. In particular, the vapor condensation caused by the sloshing promotes a rapid reduction of pressure in the tank. When the acceleration magnitude is 5 g with a duration of 200 ms, the maximum reduction of ullage pressure is 1550 Pa, and the maximum growth of the force on the right wall is 3.89 kN. Moreover, the acceleration magnitude and duration have a remarkable influence on liquid hydrogen sloshing. With the increase in acceleration magnitude or duration, there is a larger sloshing amplitude for the liquid hydrogen. When the duration of acceleration is 200 ms, compared with the situation at the acceleration magnitude of 5 g, the maximum reductions of ullage pressure decrease by 9.46% and 55.02%, and the maximum growth of forces on the right wall decrease by 80.57% and 99.53%, respectively, at 2 g and 0.5 g. Additionally, when the acceleration magnitude is 5 g, in contrast with the situation at a duration of acceleration of 200 ms, the maximum-ullage-pressure drops decrease by 8.17% and 21.62%, and the maximum increase in forces on the right wall decrease by 71.80% and 88.63%, at 100 ms and 50 ms, respectively. These results can provide a reference to the safety design of horizontal liquid hydrogen tanks for heavy-duty trucks.

Thermodynamic Multi-Field Coupling Optimization of Microsystem Based on Artificial Intelligence

An efficient multi-objective optimization method of temperature and stress for a microsystem based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) was established, which is used to map the relationship between through-silicon via (TSV) structural design parameters and performance objectives in the microsystem, and complete optimization temperature, stress and thermal expansion deformation efficiently. The relationship between the design and performance parameters is obtained by a finite element method (FEM) simulation model. The neural network is built and trained in order to understand the mapping relationship. Then, the design parameters are iteratively optimized using the PSO algorithm, and the FEM results are used to verify the efficiency and reliability of the optimization methods. When the optimization target of peak temperature, bump temperature, TSV temperature, maximum stress and maximum thermal deformation are set as 100 °C, 55 °C, 35 °C, 180 Mpa and 12 μm, the optimization results are as follows: the peak temperature is 97.90 °C, the bump temperature is 56.01 °C, the TSV temperature is 31.52 °C, the maximum stress is 247.4 Mpa and the maximum expansion deformation is 11.14 μm. The corresponding TSV structure design parameters are as follows: the radius of TSV is 10.28 μm, the pitch is 65 μm and the thickness of SiO2 is 0.83 μm. The error between the optimization result and the target temperature is 2.1%, 1.8%, 9.9%, 37.4% and 7.2% respectively. The PSO method has been verified by regression analysis, and the difference between the temperature and deformation optimization results of the FEM method is not more than 3%. The stress error has been analyzed, and the reliability of the developed method has been verified. While ensuring the accuracy of the results, the proposed optimization method reduces the time consumption of a single simulation from 2 h to 70 s, saves a lot of time and human resources, greatly improves the efficiency of the optimization design of microsystems, and has great significance for the development of microsystems.

Mega-scale analysis of protein folding stability in biology and protein design.

Progress in DNA sequencing and machine learning have illuminated protein sequences and structures on an enormous scale, but protein thermodynamics remains invisible and largely unknown. New approaches are needed to reveal protein folding thermodynamics on the same enormous scale to overcome challenges in biology, medicine, and engineering. We present cDNA display proteolysis, a new method for measuring protein folding stability for up to 900,000 protein domains in a one-week experiment. From 1.7 million measurements in total, we curated a set of ∼800,000 high-quality folding stabilities comprehensively examining single amino acid variants of ∼350 natural and ∼250 de novo designed protein domains 40-72 amino acids in length. Using this immense dataset, we quantified (1) environmental factors influencing amino acid fitness, (2) thermodynamic couplings (including unexpected interactions) between protein sites, and (3) the global divergence between evolutionary amino acid usage and protein folding stability. We also demonstrated applications of our method and dataset to protein design. The unique scale, speed, and accuracy of cDNA display proteolysis hold the potential to reveal protein folding thermodynamics across the entire universe of protein domains.

Mutual regulation between coupled protein condensates and ordered membrane domains.

Downstream of T-cell receptor ligation, biomolecular condensates are produced via the multivalent binding between Linker for Activation of T-cells (LAT) and its effectors (Grb2 and Sos1) to facilitate T-cell activation. LAT is a transmembrane protein known to be recruited to ordered lipid domains, suggesting potential coupling between protein cytoplasmic condensates and lateral lipid-based phase-separation and organization. We report evidence demonstrating thermodynamic coupling between lipid- and protein-based phase separation. In model membranes, condensates formed on phase-separating membranes template ordered lipid domains and induce phase separation. Conversely, lipid phase separation stabilizes protein condensate formation suggesting strong coupling between lipid- and protein-based phase separation. Furthermore, experiments in T-cells show that LAT/Grb2/Sos1 condensates recruit ordered domain lipids and proteins in living cells. We observed that crosslinking of a membrane component that prefers ordered domains (i.e. the endogenous GPI-anchored protein Thy1) stabilizes lipid phase separation and templates condensate formation. Finally, we tested whether condensate-domain coupling is necessary for T-cell activation by decoupling raft domains from condensates through either mutation of the transmembrane domain to modulate its raft affinity or mutation of residues necessary for condensate formation. We found that the coupling of cytoplasmic condensate formation to lipid rafts is essential for T-cell activation. Thus, we conclude that the thermodynamic coupling between LAT/Grb2/Sos1 cytoplasmic condensates and lipid rafts can cooperatively and functionally reorganize the membrane to facilitate T-cell activation.