Thermal Transition Temperature Research Articles

Nano-reduction of starch from underutilised millets: Effect on structural, thermal, morphological and nutraceutical properties

Starch nanoparticles from pearl (Pe) and proso (Pr) millets were characterised for morphological, thermal, rheological and nutraceutical properties which are important parameters to be considered for predicting applicable domain of nanoparticles in food and other industrial applications. In the present study after using collision ball milling to achieve the nano-reduction, dynamic light scattering (DLS) revealed the average hydrodynamic particle diameter of 636 nm and 417 nm for nano-reduced pearl (PeN) and proso (PrN) millet starches. Further the nano-particles produced were having greater stability, as revealed by the data obtained for zeta potential. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed loss of crystallinity in starch granules whereas attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) showed no difference in the basic functional groups but decrease in intensity. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to elicit the changes in surface topography of starch granules upon nano-reduction. Post nano-reduction treatment various thermal transition temperatures significantly shifted to lower values. Results of anti-oxidant assays for prediction of nutraceutical potential revealed significant increase upon nano-reduction.

Construction of collagen gel with high viscoelasticity and thermal stability via combining cross-linking and dehydration.

Collagen gel is widely used in tissue engineering due to excellent biological properties and swollen three-dimensional network structure. To improve viscoelasticity and thermal stability, collagen gels consisting of fibrils were cross-linked with glutaraldehyde and sequentially dehydrated via ethanol or heating (named as EGC or HGC, respectively). For EGC, ethanol replaced free and loosely bound water and then combined with tightly bound water, inducing the increase in hydrogen bonds and molecular interactions. Therefore, the thermal transition temperature (Tt ) and storage modulus (G') obviously increased from 47.3 ± 0.5°C and 0.1 kPa to 92.7 ± 0.8°C and 7.8 kPa, respectively. Unfortunately, the high deformation (γ > 60%) and low recovery percentage (R < 15%) reflected the poor anti-deformation of gels due to the volatility of ethanol. For HGC, the entanglement and rigidity of fibrils increased owing to the contraction of cross-linked fibrils and cohesive action of denatured collagen. As a result, HGC were more resistant to deformation and exhibited more elasticity than native collagen gel, accompanied by the fact that G' and R increased to 28.8 kPa and 90.0% ± 0.7%. Additionally, HGC exhibited higher Tt (121.4 ± 0.5°C) due to lower water content and higher collagen concentration.

Mechanical and Thermal Behaviour of Epoxy/Hexagonal Boron Nitride/Short Sisal Fiber Hybrid Composites

Hybrid composite i.e. surface modified hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and short sisal fiber reinforced in epoxy matrix is fabricated using hand lay-up method. The effect of surface modified hBN filler and sisal fiber content on mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy based hybrid composites were investigated in this paper. The main aim of the investigation is to develop a material which can found its application in microelectronic components. As per the requirement of microelectronic industry, the material should possess high thermal conductivity. Hence, thermal conductivity of epoxy increases with increase in hexagonal boron nitride content. Inspite of insulative nature of sisal fiber, the study shows that its inclusion in combination with hBN enhances the thermal conductivity if the content of both the fillers were properly selected. Other thermal property like coefficient of thermal expansion and glass transition temperature appreciably improves when combination of fillers were added in epoxy matrix. Mechanical properties under study i.e. tensile strength and compressive strength also enhances when combination of sisal fiber and hBN were incorporated as compared to when single filler hBN were used. Hence, usage of hybrid filler as reinforcement in epoxy improve overall mechanical and thermal property of the developed material.

Characterization of membrane-bound polyphenol oxidase from Granny Smith apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.)

Membrane-bound polyphenol oxidase (mPPO) from the Granny Smith apple was purified and characterized. The enzyme was purified by a factor of 20.53 with a recovery of 1.8%. The molecular weight of purified mPPO was determined to be 65 kDa by electrophoresis and nano-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. mPPO exhibited its highest activity at a temperature of 35 °C and a pH of 7.0 and can be regarded as a diphenol oxidase. A low concentration of SDS (≤0.5 mM) enhanced the enzymatic activity, whereas mPPO was activated at high concentration EDTA (≥2 mM). The thermal transition temperature of mPPO was 76.98 °C. The circular dichroism spectrum showed that mPPO contains high α-helix content, the fluorescence spectroscopy indicated that the tryptophan residues of mPPO are partially buried. The particle size of mPPO was 5–10 nm with a complete structure. The structural characterization of mPPO provided better insights into the regions responsible for its activity.

Synthesis of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks Based on Triisocyanate-Terminated and Modified Poly(urethane-imide) with Superior Mechanical Properties.

Interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) based on triisocyanate-terminated poly(urethane-imide)s (PUIs) were prepared by in situ interpenetrating reactions between modified polyurethane (PU) with different ratios of polyimide (PI). The effects of PU, which was made from hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene modified with triisocyanate, and the amounts of PI on the mechanical properties, thermal properties, and crystalline character of the IPNs were discussed. Triisocyanate-terminated PUI showed that the highest tensile strength was 38 times that of the diisocyanate-terminated materials. Supramolecular cross-linking from an additional hydrogen-bonding network of modified PU and the degree of interpenetration with a regular imide structure of PI were introduced, which accounted for the remarkable improvement in mechanical properties of IPNs. Preferable thermal stability and glass transition temperature for the hard segment of IPNs were rewarded with increasing PI content. X-ray diffraction revealed vigorous segmental mixing between the soft and hard segments of modified PUI. Scanning electron micrographs showed the “fibrous assembly” morphology and short-range-ordered structure of modified PUI.

Mechanism of bio-macromolecule denaturation on solid-liquid surface of ion-exchange chromatographic media – A case study for inactivated foot-and-mouth disease virus

Destruction of assembly structures has been identified as a major cause for activity loss of virus and virus-like particles during their chromatographic process. A deep insight into the denaturation process at the solid-liquid interfaces is important for rational design of purification. In this study, in-situ differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was employed to study the dissociation process of inactivated foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) during ion exchange chromatography (IEC) at different levels of pH. The intact FMDV known as 146S and the dissociation products were quantified by high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and the thermo-stability of 146S on-column was monitored in-situ by DSC. Serious dissociation was found at pH 7.0 and pH 8.0, leading to low 146S recoveries of 12.3% and 43.7%, respectively. The elution profiles from IEC and HPSEC combined with the thermal transition temperatures of 146S dissociation (Tm1) from DSC suggested two denaturation mechanisms that the 146S dissociation occurred on-column after adsorption at pH 7.0 and during elution step at pH 8.0. By appending different excipients including sucrose, the improvement of 146S recovery and reduced dissociation was found highly correlated to increment of 146S stability on-column detected by DSC. The highest recovery of 99.9% and the highest Tm1 of 54.49 °C were obtained at pH 9.0 with 20% (w/v) sucrose. According to chromatographic behaviors and Tm1, three different dissociation processes in IEC were discussed. The study provides a perspective to understand the denaturation process of assemblies during chromatography, and also supplies a strategy to improve assembly recovery.

Proton relaxation in freeze-dried broccoli as measured by low-frequency nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) and its relationship with the thermal glass transition

Low-frequency nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) was used to identify different proton pools and their mobility in freeze-dried broccoli (moisture 0.01 to 0.25 g g sample−1 and temperature 193 to 443 K) containing un-freezable water. Three pools of protons were determined from transversal T2 (i.e., spin–spin) relaxation times. These were T2b (i.e., tightly bound pools of protons associated with macromolecules), T21 (i.e., protons in the strongly bound water with the solids) and T22 (i.e., protons in the weakly bound or capillary water). Two critical temperatures and one peak temperature from the plot of T2b, T21 and T22 versus temperature were identified and related to the moisture content. The critical temperatures determined from T2b and T21 increased with the increase in moisture up to BET-monolayer followed by an exponential decrease. However, the first critical temperature from T22 increased and reached to a plateau, while the second and third critical temperatures increased linearly with the increase in moisture. The critical temperature from T2b was determined from the intersection of the first and second segments and compared with the onset glass as measured earlier by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). At moisture 0.01 g g sample−1, this critical temperature showed lower than the thermal glass transition temperature. The opposite trend was observed at or above moisture 0.05 g g sample−1, and the difference between critical temperature and glass transition temperature increased with the increase in moisture content. It was also observed that peak temperatures were close to the solids-melting temperature as measured by thermal analysis. The peak indicated the disruption of the macromolecules and creating interlinked melted or compacted solid mass and caused to decrease the proton mobility.

Synthesis and Application of UV-curable Phosphorous-containing Acrylated Epoxidized Soybean Oil-based Resins

A novel phosphorous-containing acrylated epoxidized soybean oil-based (P-AESO) resin was developed via the ring-opening reaction of epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) with diphenylphosphinic chloride (DPPC), followed by acrylation of the resulting groups. The chemical structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). Subsequently, the viscosity and volumetric shrinkage of the obtained P-AESO resins were studied. Then the oligomer was formulated into UV-curable coatings, and the mechanical, thermal, and coating properties of the resulting UV-cured bioresins were studied by tensile testing, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) coupled with FT-IR spectroscopy (TGA-FT-IR), hardness, adhesion, pencil hardness and chemical resistance. Furthermore, the UV-curing behavior of the P-AESO resin was determined by real-time realtime infrared (RT-IR). Meanwhile, compared with coating from acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO), the P-AESO system coatings showed better volumetric shrinkage, excellent adhesion, and enhanced thermal and glass transition temperature (Tg) while maintaining reasonably final C=C conversions and cross-link density. For instance, the obtained P-AESO/trimethylolpropanetriacrylate (TMPTA) 20 material possessed a volumetric shrinkage of 4.1%, Tg of 115.6°C, char yield of 9.47%, and final C=C conversions of 81.4% respectively, which exhibited superior values than that of the AESO/TMPTA20 material. The improvement of the P-AESO coating performances could contribute to the architectures that combined the structural features of phosphorous-containing rigid benzene. The developed P-AESO resin is promising for applications in the UV-curable coatings.

ZIF-8 based polysulfone hollow fiber membranes for natural gas purification

Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) have received worldwide attention for natural gas purification due to their superior performance in terms of permeability and selectivity. The zeolitic imidazole framework-8 (ZIF-8) blended polysulfone (PSf) membranes have been fabricated for natural gas purification. ZIF-8 was selected due to its low cost, remarkable thermal and chemical stabilities, and tunable microporous structure. The neat PSf hollow fiber membrane and mixed matrix hollow fiber membranes incorporated with the various ZIF-8 loadings up to 1.25% were fabricated. The prepared membranes were evaluated using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and gas separation performance. The low loading of ZIF-8 nanoparticles to the MMM improved thermal stability and glass transition temperature and yielded low surface roughness. MMMs were tested using pure gases with a significant improvement of 36% in CO2 permeability and 28% in CO2/CH4 selectivity compared to the neat membrane. However, the high ZIF-8 loading reduced the separation performances. Moreover, CO2/CH4 selectivity decreased at elevated pressure (8 and 10 bar) due to CO2-induced plasticization. Previously, the incorporation of ZIF-8 particles has primarily been subjected to the fabrication of flat sheet membranes, whereas this work focused on hollow fiber membranes which are rarely investigated. Hence, the promising results obtained at low feed pressure in this study demonstrated the potential of ZIF-8 based hollow fiber membrane for natural gas purification.

3,4‐Dicyanothiophene—a Versatile Building Block for Efficient Nonfullerene Polymer Solar Cells

AbstractIn this contribution, a versatile building block, 3,4‐dicyanothiophene (DCT), which possesses structural simplicity and synthetic accessibility for constructing high‐performance, low‐cost, wide‐bandgap conjugated polymers for use as donors in polymer solar cells (PSCs), is reported. A prototype polymer, PB3TCN‐C66, and its cyano‐free analogue polymer PB3T‐C66, are synthesized to evaluate the potential of using DCT in nonfullerene PSCs. A stronger aggregation property in solution, higher thermal transition temperatures with higher enthalpies, a larger dipole moment, higher relative dielectric constant, and more linear conformation are exhibited by PB3TCN‐C66. Solar cells employing IT‐4F as the electron acceptor offer power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 11.2% and 2.3% for PB3TCN‐C66 and PB3T‐C66, respectively. Morphological characterizations reveal that the PB3TCN‐C66:IT‐4F blend exhibits better π–π paracrystallinity, a contracted domain size, and higher phase purity, consistent with its higher molecular interaction parameter, derived from thermodynamic calculations. Moreover, PB3TCN‐C66 offers a higher open‐circuit voltage and reduced energy loss than most state‐of‐the‐art wide‐bandgap polymers, without the need of additional electron‐withdrawing substituents. Two additional polymers derived from DCT also demonstrate promising performance with a higher PCE of 13.4% being achieved. Thus, DCT represents a versatile and promising building block for constructing high‐performance, low‐cost, conjugated polymers for application in PSCs.

Acetylation of intact white rice grains to alter the physicochemical properties

The effect of acetylation of milled rice grains of selected varieties (TDK 8, YRW 4, Reiziq, Amber 33, and SHZ 2) with varying apparent amylose contents (3.8–26.6%) on their physicochemical properties was investigated. Milled rice samples were treated with different acetic anhydride concentrations (0.004–0.04 g per 100 g of milled rice samples in 225 mL of water). Results showed that glutinous (TDK 8), very low amylose (YRW 4) and low amylose containing varieties (Reiziq) were prone to acetylation even with 0.004 g of acetic anhydride. X-ray diffraction patterns showed an increase in the crystallinity in acetylated samples and formation of V-type crystals, suggesting the possible interaction of acetic anhydride with starch. Acetylation of rice grains resulted in reduced peak and final viscosities and gel strength, particularly in glutinous (TDK 8) and very low amylose (YRW 4) rice. Differential calorimetric study showed that acetic anhydride treatment resulted in reduced thermal transition temperatures and enthalpy of all varieties. Although increase in the retrogradation thermal temperatures was observed, the enthalpy of retrogradation was reduced with increasing acetylation, suggesting that the extent of starch retrogradation was lower in all varieties with more prominent reduction in the glutinous type. Furthermore, the texture of cooked acetic anhydride treated rice grains was less hard and showed more adhesiveness. This study demonstrated that the acetylation of rice grains (instead of flour) was successfully achieved, showing the potential of applying acetylation to alter the textural, pasting, thermal and retrogradation properties of rice.

Divalent ion mixed effect of calcium aluminosilicate glasses (CAS) on thermal properties and fluorocarbon plasma resistance

When divalent oxides (RO, R: Mg, Sr, Ba, Zn) are mixed in two CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 glasses, thermal expansion, glass transition temperature and corrosion (or etching) rate of CF4/O2/Ar mixed gas were confirmed. The decreases in the thermal expansion coefficient and glass transition temperature were most effective when MgO and ZnO were mixed. As a result of high-density plasma dry etching, all glasses were improved compared to quartz glass, alumina, and sapphire even though the etching rate increased when divalent oxide was mixed. Regardless of the glass composition, the plasma resistance was thought to be closely related to the boiling point of the mixed divalent fluoride. In particular, the surface microstructure after the etching of the glass maintained the original mirror surface, unlike quartz glass.

Effects of dioctyl phthalate on the properties of poly(vinyl chloride)/organically modified montmorillonite nanocomposites

The effects of dioctyl phthalate (DOP) loading on morphology and thermal and mechanical properties of the poly(vinyl chloride)/organically modified montmorillonite/DOP (PVC/O-MMT/DOP) nanocomposites are studied in this paper. Results of transmission electron microscope (TEM) indicate that O-MMT is partially intercalated and exfoliated in all PVC/O-MMT/DOP nanocomposites. It shows that the addition of DOP has no obvious influence on the dispersion of O-MMT in the PVC/O-MMT/DOP nanocomposites. Young’s modulus and tensile strength of the PVC/O-MMT/DOP nanocomposites are significantly decreased as the amount of DOP is increased. The thermal degradation onset temperature and glass transition temperature (Tg) of the PVC/O-MMT/DOP nanocomposites are decreased as the amount of DOP is increased. On the other hand, the elongation at break of the PVC/O-MMT/DOP nanocomposites is increased as the amount of DOP is increased. Also, the first thermal degradation weight loss (ΔY) of the PVC/O-MMT/DOP nanocomposites is increased as the amount of DOP is increased. While increasing DOP loading, the PVC/O-MMT/DOP nanocomposites change from a rigid product to a semirigid product and finally into a flexible product.

Investigation of RAFT polymerization in mesoporous SBA-15 by using various monomers

Reversible addition fragmentation transfer (RAFT) polymerization has attracted much attention, because its reaction mechanism has been well studied and it provides a facile approach to prepare the special functional polymer. Herein, mesoporous SBA-15 with pore size of 6 nm was employed as a “microreactor” for the RAFT solution polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA), glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) or styrene (St) using a xanthate as a chain transfer agent and AIBN as the initiator. The structures, morphologies and properties of the obtained polymers and in-situ composites were fully characterized. XPS results confirm the presence of sulfur in the obtained polymers, which indicates a RAFT polymerization mechanism. XRD observation found that the in-situ composites exhibited the similar two-dimensional hexagonal pore structures intrinsic to SBA-15. However, the specific surface area, pore size, and pore volumes of the composites decreased dramatically compared with the intrinsic SBA-15 morphology. N2 adsorption studies of polymers synthesized from various monomer mixtures revealed differing properties with adsorption capacity in the order of GMA > MMA > St. The Mn and Mw of polymers produced from within SBA-15 were significantly higher than those produced external to the SBA-15 framework. Meanwhile, the molecular weight distributions of polymers constructed within the SBA-15 were narrower. Lastly, the thermal stability and glass transition temperature of the polymers constructed within the SBA-15 were notably enhanced.

Synthesis of novel allylamine-fluorene based benzoxazine and its copolymerization with typical benzoxazine: curing behavior and thermal properties

Poly(t-BF-sa-a) showed much better thermal properties and glass transition temperatures than traditional fluorene-based benzoxazine monomers.

Influence of Warm-Acclimation Rate on Polar Lipids of Ulva lactuca

An ability of marine macroalgae Ulva lactuca (L.) to adapt membrane lipid matrix to elevated seawater temperature depending on rate of warm acclimation was studied. Plants were collected in the Peter the Great Gulf of the Sea of Japan in winter at 4°С and acclimated to summer temperature (20°С) at different rates: 16 or 2°С/day. The fatty acid composition and the crystal – liquid crystal thermal transition of glycolipids (monogalactosyl diacylglycerol, digalactosyl diacylglycerol, sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol) and betaine lipid 1,2-diacylglycero-O-4'-(N,N,N-tri-methyl)-homoserine (DGTS) from U. lactuca were investigated by GLC, HPLC-MS and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. The dependence of the results of temperature acclimation on its rate was shown. Thus, rapid warm acclimation induced the decrease of the ratios of n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and unsaturated/saturated fatty acids, as well as the unsaturation index of fatty acid composition of lipids, which corresponded to seasonal changes. However, this trend did not retain, or even reverse changes occurred at lower warming rate. Redistribution of the composition of molecular forms of glycolipids in acclimated algae led not only to maintain the peak maximum temperature of thermal transition (Tmax), but also to phase separation of glycolipids. This contributed to the fit of the thermogram profiles to those of summer samples. The calorimetric transition of DGTS was most effectively changed: even with rapid acclimation, the Tmax value of the summer sample was reached. In general, U. lactuca showed the ability to adapt lipid matrix of membranes at different rates of warming seawater.

Microstructural characterization, mechanical properties and thermal expansion of antiperovskite manganese nitride Mn3.1Zn0.5Sn0.4N fabricated by combing vacuum sintering and spark-plasma sintering

Due to the superior mechanical properties and negative thermal expansion, antiperovskite manganese nitrides have played an important role in many engineering applications, and one of which is that they can be used as ideal reinforced phases to fabricate composites with near-zero thermal expansion. In this study, one type of antiperovskite manganese nitride, Mn3.1Zn0.5Sn0.4N, was initially fabricated by vacuum sintering and subsequently densified by spark-plasma sintering (SPS). The bulk density, material phase and organization analysis are measured after it is densified at different SPS temperatures. Young's modulus, hardness and compressive strength are obtained by using nano-indentation and compression tests, respectively. It is seen that lattice constant, negative thermal expansion and magnetic transition temperature exhibit similar trends, which can be attributed to the lattice distortions caused by changing the SPS temperatures. From this analysis, a systematical study has been conducted to understand the relation between the microstructures, mechanical and thermal properties of antiperovskite manganese nitride.

Understanding the impact of Pulsed Electric Fields treatment on the thermal and pasting properties of raw and thermally processed oat flours.

The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF) treatments (electric field strengths 2 and 4.4kV/cm combined with specific energy inputs between 48 and 484kJ/kg) on the thermal and pasting properties of oat flours. Colour, β-glucan content, particle size distribution, morphological characteristics, starch short-range molecular order, protein secondary structure, thermal, and pasting properties of raw (dehulled and milled) and thermally processed (kilned at 115°C for 30min and steamed at 100-104°C for 18min under industrial process condition) oat flours under the influence of PEF treatment were evaluated. Results showed that PEF treatment, applied at any intensity, led to considerable changes in the structural properties especially when applied on raw oat flour. Both types of oat flour experienced an increase in particle size (up to four-fold), damage of starch granule morphology, and modifications in starch short-range molecular order and protein secondary structures as a result of PEF treatment. These physical changes observed after PEF treatment, particularly at increasing specific energy input, coincided with the thermal and pasting behaviour of PEF-treated oat flours, which include a decrease in gelatinisation enthalpy (up to 80%), increase in thermal transition temperatures (at least 3°C), decrease in overall viscosity profile, and reduction in pasting temperature (up to 12°C). Overall results suggested that PEF treatment improved majorly on starch-related functionality of oat, such as increased the pasting stability of raw and thermally processed oat flours and at the same time enhanced the retrogradation property (reduced syneresis and hardness) of raw oat flour, under lower temperature requirement without affecting pasting time. This research demonstrated the potential of PEF treatment in modifying the thermal and pasting properties of oat flour, thereby offering opportunities for novel products for food industry.

Simultaneous Spin-Crossover Transition and Conductivity Switching in a Dinuclear Iron(II) Coordination Compound Based on 7,7',8,8'-Tetracyano-p-quinodimethane.

The reaction of Fe(OAc)2 and Hbpypz with neutral TCNQ results in the formation of [Fe2 (bpypz)2 (TCNQ)2 ](TCNQ)2 (1), in which Hbpypz=3,5-bis(2-pyridyl)pyrazole and TCNQ=7,7',8,8'-tetracyano-p-quinodimethane. Crystal packing of 1 with uncoordinated TCNQ and π-π stacking of bpypz- ligands produces an extended two-dimensional supramolecular coordination assembly. Temperature dependence of the dc magnetic susceptibility and heat capacity measurements indicate that 1 undergoes an abrupt spin crossover (SCO) with thermal spin transition temperatures of 339 and 337 K for the heating and cooling modes, respectively, resulting in a thermal hysteresis of 2 K. Remarkably, the temperature dependence of dc electrical transport exhibits a transition that coincides with thermal SCO, demonstrating the thermally induced magnetic and electrical bistability of 1, strongly correlating magnetism with electrical conductivity. This outstanding feature leads to thermally induced simultaneous switching of magnetism and electrical conductivity and a magnetoresistance effect.

Green synthesis and properties of an epoxy-modified oxidized starch-grafted styrene-acrylate emulsion

An epoxy-modified oxidized starch-grafted styrene-acrylate (E-g-OS-P (BA-St)) emulsion was synthesized via soap-free core-shell emulsion polymerization without adding any solvent that could cause environmental problems. The emulsion exhibited excellent stability, chemical properties and mechanical performance. The synthesized emulsion was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) suggested that the OS-P (BA-St) latexes had certain umbrella structures and that the epoxy resin cross-linked a plurality of umbrella structures. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that the thermal stability and glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymer became higher as the content of epoxy resin increased. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was utilized to characterize the surface morphology of the films. The film with 10% epoxy resin (based on the mass of monomers) possessed superior tensile strength and elongation, exhibiting a nearly 100% increase in tensile strength relative to that of neat latexes without epoxy. Additionally, the mechanism of polymerization and film formation of the E-g-OS-P (BA-St) emulsion were analysed.