Thermal Stability Of Poly Research Articles

Preparation of rare-earth LDHs stabilizers and their effects on the thermal stability of poly(vinyl chloride)

Preparation of rare-earth LDHs stabilizers and their effects on the thermal stability of poly(vinyl chloride)

Ultra-light weight proppant of diatomite-reinforced poly(methyl methacrylate-co-styrene) enabling high compressive strength, heat and acid resistance toward hydraulic fracturing

The growing emphasis on environmental protection in petroleum exploitation results in a high demand for ultra-lightweight (ULW) proppants. This work involves fabricating ULW proppant utilizing suspension polymerization, in which alkyl chain decorated natural clay diatomite (Dia) is incorporated into poly(methyl methacrylate-co-styrene) (poly(MMA-co-St)). The obtained poly(MMA-co-St)/Dia composite beads exhibit a low apparent density ranging from 1.025 to 1.213 g cm−3, and show an impressively low crushing rate of 0.99 % under 52 MPa. The rigid and thermally stable Dia crosslinks with poly(MMA-co-St) matrix, which increases the network density and restricts the movement of the molecular chain, thereby enhancing both the mechanical and thermal stability of poly(MMA-co-St)/Dia. Additionally, these composite beads display minimal acid solubility and low turbidity. The exceptional mechanical and thermal stability (attributed to the reinforcement effect and thermal barrier effect of inorganic Dia, as well as the synergistic effect of the copolymerization of MMA and styrene), along with the low acid solubility and turbidity, enabling the poly(MMA-co-St)/Dia composite to replace traditional proppants and be applied in hydraulic fracturing for oil and gas exploitation.

Synthesis and Properties of Vinyl Ether and Acrylonitrile Copolymers

AbstractThe radical copolymerizations of vinyl ethers, including ethylene glycol monovinyl ether (HEVE) and isobutyl vinyl ether (IBVE), and acrylonitrile (AN) are investigated. The reactivity ratios of comonomers are evaluated by Fineman–Ross (rHEVE = 0.032 and rAN = 1.054, and rIBVE = 0.031 and rAN = 13.984) and Kelen–Tudos (rHEVE = 0.001 and rAN = 1.036, and rIBVE = 0.032 and rAN = 13.981) methods, respectively. The conversions of HEVE and IBVE under similar conditions also support that HEVE has a higher reactivity than that of IBVE. A series of poly(HEVE‐co‐AN)s (Mn from 56 000 to 110 000) and poly(IBVE‐co‐AN)s (Mn from 52 000 to 97 000) with random sequential structure are prepared. Furthermore, the glass transitional temperatures of poly(vinyl ether‐co‐AN)s decrease with the increase of vinyl ether units in the copolymers. Thermal stability of poly(vinyl ether‐co‐AN)s is comparable, which is slightly affected by vinyl ether contents. Poly(HEVE‐co‐AN)s possess a two‐stage weight loss (one around 230 °C, and the other around 300 °C), and poly(IBVE‐co‐AN)s decompose at around 350 °C with one stage. In addition, the poly(HEVE‐co‐AN)s demonstrate a good hydrophilicity of which the average of static water contact angles decrease from 85.4° to 62.4° with the HEVE units increased from 8% to 33%.

THERMAL DEGRADATION OF POLY(VINYL CHLORIDE)/POLYSTYRENE BLENDS IN THE PRESENCE OF DERIVATIVES OF Hura crepitans SEED OIl.

Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is a versatile polymer that has found applications in various sphere of our daily life. However, it is intrinsically unstable at elevated temperatures usually employed in processing it into useful articles. The thermal stability of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) has been reported to improve in a blend with polystyrene (PS) and compatibility of the polymers was a factor which influenced the stabilization process. There has been no report of thermal stability of PVC/PS blends in the presence metal soap of seed oil. In this study, the thermal degradation of poly(vinyl chloride)/polystyrene (PVC/PS) blends in the absence and presence of metal soaps of Hura crepitans seed oil (HCSO) has been investigated in air and under nitrogen atmosphere. Metal soaps of Hura crepitans seed oil; Al, Ba, Ca, Mg and Zn were prepared by precipitation method involving metathesis in alcohol. Kinetics of thermal degradation of PVC and the blends were carried out titrimetrically in the temperature range 170-190 oC under nitrogen atmosphere. The interaction of the additives with PVC was studied with FTIR spectrophotometer while the melt properties of PVC and the blends were determined using differential scanning calorimeter. The thermal stability study of the polymer and the blends was carried with thermogravimetric analyzer under nitrogen and air atmospheres. In the absence of metal soaps, the kinetics of thermal degradation of PVC in PVC/PS blends, 95/5, and 90/10 ratios, measured titrimetrically under nitrogen atmosphere in the temperature range 170- 190 oC, was determined by the rates of dehydrochlorination of the polymer. The rates of dehydrochlorination were of the order, 10-2 %min-1 and showed stabilization of PVC by PS in the blends. Specifically, at 190 oC, the rates of dehydrochlorination of PVC under nitrogen atmosphere were reduced by 23.7 and 11.2% for the 95/5 and 90/10 blends respectively with calculated activation energy of 50.7kJ mol-1for the process. In the presence of HCSO soaps of Al, Ba, Ca, Mg and Zn, there were marked reductions in stabilization of PVC by PS and were associated with increased polarity of the blends. Miscibility of the blends was enhanced by the soaps, as was evident from FTIR and DSC analyses, showing from the latter, single Tgs of 98.2 and 96.2 oC for 95/5 and 90/10 blends respectively. The enhanced stability of PVC in the blends by PS and reduced stability of the polymer in the presence of metal soaps were confirmed by thermogravimetry. PS enhanced thermal stability of PVC in PVC/PS blends while the presence of metal soaps of Hura crepitans seed oil in PVC/PS blends is antithetical to thermal stability of PVC.

Enhancing Thermomechanical Strength and Thermal Stability of Poly(dicyclopentadiene) Composites through Cost-Effective Fly Ash Reinforcement for Structural and Impact Applications.

Poly(dicyclopentadiene) (poly-DCPD) is a thermoset with potential for high-performance applications. In this research, epoxy resin was blended with different concentrations of fly ash class F particles at 0.0, 1.0, 10.0, and 50.0 wt.%, aiming to improve its use as a high-volume structural material by decreasing costs and reducing its negative environmental impact through using fly ash particles. A planetary Thinky mixer was used to initially mix the resin with the curing agent, followed by incorporating a Grubbs catalyst. The microstructures were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), where particles were found to be homogeneously distributed over the polymer matrix. The thermomechanical behavior was evaluated via curing, compression, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). Nanoindentation tests were also conducted. Fly ash was found to decelerate the curing of the resin through the release of calcium ions that enhanced the exothermic reaction.

Effect of polymerized ionic liquids on thermal stability of poly(methyl methacrylate)

Effect of polymerized ionic liquids on thermal stability of poly(methyl methacrylate)

Reinforcement of Poly(vinyl alcohol) using hydrogen bonding of carboxylic acid-functionalized graphitic nanoplatelets

In this study, as a filler, carboxylic acid-functionalized graphitic nanoplatelets (COOH-GN) were used to enhance the mechanical properties and thermal stability of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and COOH-GN/PVA_X nanocomposites were prepared easily with the solution mixing method into water due to very good dispersion of COOH-GN. The COOH-GN/PVA_X nanocomposites exhibit remarkable mechanical properties and thermal stability to compare with pure PVA because of the excellent distribution of the COOH-GN into the PVA matrix and the strong interfacial adhesion and hydrogen bonds between the PVA and COOH-GN. The COOH-GN/PVA_2 nanocomposite exhibits superlative mechanical and thermal properties. Especially, its tensile strength, Young's modulus, tensile toughness, and elongation are increased by 49.0, 25.8, 118.8, and 53.1% compared with pure PVA, respectively. Thus, the graphitic nanoplatelets (GnPs) in this study can be controlled by the functional groups, have excellent properties and are cost-effective. Moreover, the GnPs can be used as a reinforcing filler for hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymers.

Estimation of the Mechanical Properties of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) from IR Data

Despite the sustainability, biodegradability, and biocompatibility of microbial polyesters, as well as their potential to replace polyolefins, the market share of these biopolymers is still marginal. The primary factors that impede the success of microbial polyesters are related to their poor thermal stability and the degradation during processing that negatively affects the mechanical performance of the final product. Due to the complexity of the mechanism of degradation and the vast number of factors that influence the mechanism, the outcome of the degradation cannot be predicted with high confidence. Our present work addresses both difficulties. First, the thermal stability of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) was successfully improved by a stabilizer system based on pomegranate extract. Second, we have developed a computational method that can be used for the estimation of the mechanical properties of processed microbial polyesters from IR data. The computational method is based on an unprecedented hybrid model that incorporates both linear and nonlinear components. The linear component is based on multivariate data analysis and quantizes the correlation between IR data and the extent of degradation. In contrast, the second component consists of a power function in order to be able to describe the nonlinear correlation between the extent of degradation and the mechanical properties. By using the hybrid model, indicators of mechanical performance, such as tensile strength, can be estimated from IR data, which was not achieved before.

Random and block architectures of N-arylitaconimide monomers with methyl methacrylate

Abstract “Itaconimide” is the members of imide (–CO–NH–CO–) family with reactive exocyclic double bond and it is easily obtained from the renewable resource i.e. D-glucose. The polymerization of various N-arylitaconimide (NAI) monomers with methyl methacrylate (MMA) have been reported to improve the glass transition temperature (T g) and thermal stability of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). In literature, these studies have been done mostly using conventional free radical polymerization methods, which restricts the architecture of copolymers to “random” only. The block copolymers of NAI and MMA are an important due to the combination of glassy PMMA and thermally stable poly(NAI), which offers its applications for higher temperature service. The architectural control of polymers in provisions of its topology, composition, and various functionalities is possibly obtained using reversible-deactivation radical polymerizations (RDRPs). In RDRPs, the concentration of free radical is controlled in such a way that the termination reactions are minimized (normally in range of 1–10 mol%), and not allowed to obstruct with the desired architecture. However, this is possible by achieving (or by establishing) a rapid dynamic equilibrium between propagating radical and dormant species (i.e. R–X). Among all RDRPs, the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is very popular and adaptable method for the synthesis of polymers with specifically controlled architecture. Two different architectures of NAI and MMA copolymers are reported using ATRP process. The effect of various pedant groups on the rate constants of propagation (k p) and thermal properties NAI and MMA copolymers is studied. The poly(NAI-ran-MMA)-b-poly(MMA) are stable up to 200 °C and degraded in three steps. Whereas, the poly(NAI-ran-MMA)-b-poly(NAI) are stable up to 330 °C and degraded in two steps. The density functional theory methods are used for calculation of equilibrium constants (K ATRP) for the ATRP process for the series of laboratory synthesized alkyl halides. A good agreement was observed between the experimentally determined and theoretically calculated K ATRP values. The mechanistic studies are carried for poly(NAI-ran-MMA) copolymer system using statistical model discrimination method along with 1H decoupled 13C NMR spectroscopy. For studying the mechanism of copolymerization of NAI and MMA via ATRP methods, “trimer model or penultimate model” will be more accurate than “dimer model or terminal model”.

Effect of silphenylenesiloxane units on the thermal stability of poly[methyl(trifluoropropyl)siloxane

AbstractA series of poly[methyl(trifluoropropyl)siloxane‐co‐silphenylenesiloxane] (PMTFPS‐co‐SPS) was synthesized by condensation polymerization of methyltrifluoro‐propylsiloxanediol and 1,4‐bis(dimethylsilyl)benzene. Their chemical structures were investigated using gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and dynamic thermomechanical analysis (DMA). The effect of silphenylenesiloxane (SPS) units on the thermal stability of poly[methyl(trifluoropropyl)siloxane] (PMTFPS) was studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), isothermal degradation tests, quantum chemical calculation, and pyrolysis‐gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (Py‐GCMS). The results showed that the thermal stability of PMTFPS improved with the introduction of SPS units into the backbone. The temperature for 5% mass loss in PMTFPS increased by 63°C under a nitrogen atmosphere. Additionally, the mechanism by which the SPS units improve the thermal stability of PMTFPS was also investigated.

Processing Properties and Thermal Stability of Poly(vinyl chloride‐co‐vinyl acetate) by Experiments and Molecular Dynamics Simulations

AbstractThe effects of copolymerized monomer vinyl acetate (VAc) on processing properties and thermal stability of poly(vinyl chloride‐co‐vinyl acetate) (PVCA) are investigated via experiment and molecular dynamics simulation. Experimental results showed that PVCA with higher VAc content has larger loss tangent (tanδ), lower complex viscosity (η*), and glass transition temperature (Tg), which improved the processing properties of PVCA. A series of PVCA models are constructed to study the microstructure on the processing properties of PVCA, and the results showed the PVCA with higher VAc content exhibits larger molecular chain mobility and free volume fraction (FFV), smaller intermolecular interactions, and the mean square end‐to‐end distance (<Ree2>). Furthermore, the IR spectra of gas products indicated that thermal degradation of PVCA mainly generated hydrogen chloride (HCl), carboxylic acid, and aliphatic hydrocarbons between 200 and 500 °C, and the removal of HCl and carboxylic acid is almost simultaneous. The degradation models of PVCA chains demonstrated the CCl bond in vinyl chloride (VC) and CO bond in VAc have similar thermal stability, which corresponded to the experimental results. In a word, the work provides a promising technique to study the structure and property of PVCA at molecular dynamic level.

Study of Morphology, Rheology, and Dynamic Properties toward Unveiling the Partial Miscibility in Poly(lactic acid)-Poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) Blends.

The purpose of the present work was to gain a fundamental understanding of how the composition and physico-chemical properties affect the rheology, morphology, miscibility, and thermal stability of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)-poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) biopolymer blends obtained by melt mixing. First, restricted processing conditions were chosen, due to the inherent thermal degradation of PHBV, as proven by rheological dynamic time sweep (DTS) measurements and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). Based on this, the composition dependence of the blends was investigated using small-amplitude oscillatory shear rheology (SAOS), and the results were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Subsequently, the changes in glass transition temperatures (Tgs) from the molten to the solid state, as observed by DMA and DSC, were verified by coupling SAOS to dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS). Herein, the thermo-rheological complexity of PLA/PHBV blends in the melt was revealed, especially for PLA-rich blends. Irregularly structured morphologies, caused by highly mismatched viscoelastic properties, illustrated the degree of partial miscibility. Moreover, the thermo-rheological complexity appeared in the molten state of the asymmetric PLA-rich phases could be correlated to the crystal-amorphous interfacial MWS polarization, because of the locally-induced phase separation and heterogeneity, and owing to the differences in their crystallization properties during cooling. The miscibility also suffered from the lower thermal stability of PLA and the even more unstable PHBV. Nevertheless, the melt-induced degradation process of the PLA/PHBV blends seemed to be responsible for some of the in situ self-compatibilization and plasticization mechanisms. As a result, the miscibility and thermo-rheological simplicity were improved for the intermediate and PHBV-rich compositions at low temperatures, since their properties were, to a large extent, governed by the significant degradation of PHBV. The present findings should increase the understanding of morphological changes in PLA/PHBV blends and help control their micro/nanostructure.

Influence of Crosslinking on Rheological Properties, Crystallization Behavior and Thermal Stability of Poly(lactic acid)

Influence of Crosslinking on Rheological Properties, Crystallization Behavior and Thermal Stability of Poly(lactic acid)

Bean Dreg-Hydrocalumite Composite as a Highly Efficient Thermal Stabilizer for Poly(vinyl chloride).

Bean dreg (BD)–hydrocalumite composites were prepared by a hydrothermal method with BD, Ca(OH)2, Al(OH)3, and Na2CO3 as raw materials. The samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and N2 physical adsorption–desorption. Their properties as a thermal stabilizer for poly(vinyl chloride) were tested using a torque rheometer and static thermal aging method. Compared with traditional hydrocalumite, the crystal size of the BD–hydrocalumite composite was relatively small, which made it exhibit good dispersion and better thermal stability for poly(vinyl chloride). In addition, the effects of preparation conditions on the properties of BD–hydrocalumite as a heat stabilizer were also investigated. Under the conditions of n[Ca(OH)2/Al(OH)3/Na2CO3] = 4.4:2:1, a BD dosage of 5%, a crystallization temperature of 90 °C, and 19 h, the prepared BD–hydrocalumite showed the best performance, and the dynamic thermal stability time of poly(vinyl chloride) reached 2149 s.

Preparation and thermal stability of bio-based Na/Zn composite liquid stabilizers for poly(vinyl chloride)

In this work, the adduct of maleic anhydride and methyl eleostearate (MAME) and dimer fatty acid (DFA) were converted to the sodium and zinc salts (L-Zn-MAME, L-Na-MAME, L-Zn-DFA, and L-Na-DFA), respectively, which were subsequently turned into Na/Zn composite liquid stabilizers(LTS-Na/Zn-MAME and LTS-Na/Zn-DFA) by formula combination. Na salts, Zn salts and mixed Na/Zn salts from these fatty acid salts were used as thermal stabilizers for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). The chemical structures of MAME, DFA, and their liquid zinc and sodium salts were verified using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. Thermal stability and mechanical properties of the sodium and zinc salts, and their Na/Zn composite liquid stabilizers derived from MAME and DFA for PVC were investigated using discoloration and dynamic mechanical analyses, TGA-FTIR-MS, thermal decomposition kinetics, and Congo red and tensile tests. Thermal stability of pure PVC is poor, but membrane thermal stability can be improved by integrating thermal stabilizers. Results show that L-Na-MAME has an outstanding synergistic effect with the commercial general calcium/zinc stearate composite heat stabilizer(CaSt2/ZnSt2). CaSt2/ZnSt2/LTS-Na-MAME, LTS-Na/Zn-MAME and CaSt2/LTS-Zn-DFA/LTS-Na-DFA also have a better heat-stabilizing impact on PVC than CaSt2/ZnSt2, especially LTS-Na/Zn-MAME can more effectively enhance the primary coloring of PVC. In comparison to blank PVC and PVC/CaSt2/ZnSt2, both PVC/LTS-Na/Zn-MAME and PVC/LTS-Na/Zn-DFA display a larger elongation at break and acceptable tensile strength. The new stabilizers can largely enhance the heat stability of PVC resins, endowing PVC products with good plasticization performance, and can fully or partially replace the general calcium zinc stearate composite heat stabilizer and other heat stabilization products.

Elucidating the Implications of Morphology on Fundamental Characteristics of Nickel-Rich NCMs: Cracking, Gassing, Rate Capability, and Thermal Stability of Poly- and Single-Crystalline NCM622

Nickel-rich NCM (LiMO2, with M = Ni, Co, and Mn) cathode active materials for lithium-ion batteries are being increasingly commercialized due to their high specific capacity. Since the particle cracking of conventional polycrystalline NCMs is reported to be a major failure mechanism, the demand for single-crystalline materials is rising, as they are believed to provide superior cycle life. To gain comprehensive insights into the implications of NCM particle morphology on the electrochemical performance, the fundamental properties of these two material classes will be examined in this study. Krypton physisorption experiments and capacitance measurements reveal considerable differences in the change of the NCM surface area upon compression, delithiation, and charge/discharge cycling, depending on the material’s morphology. Here, a polycrystalline NCM622 exhibits changes of its specific surface area of up to 650 % when cycled to a high state of charge, while the one of a single-crystalline NCM622 remains essentially unaffected. Consequently, the difference in morphology and, therefore, in exposed NCM surface area leads to differences in the extent of gassing at high degrees of delithiation (determined via on-line electrochemical mass spectrometry), in the rate capability (evaluated in half-cell discharge rate tests), and in the thermal stability (assessed by thermogravimetric analysis).

Cyanoacetylurea as a Thermal Stabilizer for Poly(vinyl chloride)

ABSTRACT Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) has been widely used in many fields due to its excellent comprehensive properties, although its thermal stability is poor. In the article, a urea derivative, cyanoacetylurea, is prepared and its structure is characterized by means of FTIR and 1H-NMR. The stabilization effect of cyanoacetylurea on PVC thermal stabilization is evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), thermal aging test and Congo red test. Meanwhile, the processability of PVC stabilized by cyanoacetylurea is investigated through dynamic performance test. Compared with calcium stearate (CaSt2) and zinc stearate (ZnSt2), cyanoacetylurea shows higher stabilization effect on PVC thermal stabilization than CaSt2 and ZnSt2. Also, the synergistic effect of mixtures of cyanoacetylurea, CaSt2 and ZnSt2 on PVC thermal stabilization is investigated. At last, the stabilization mechanism is discussed and cyanoacetylurea is able to absorb hydrogen chloride and to add hydrogen chloride on the carbonyl group, as well as postpone “zinc burning.” The results show that cyanoacetylurea presents a good thermal stabilization efficiency and can be a potential organic thermal stabilizer for PVC.

Evaluation of poly(N-benzoyl-4-(N-itaconimido)benzhydrazide) and its metal complexes as microbial inhibitors and thermal stabilizers for poly(vinyl chloride)

Evaluation of poly(N-benzoyl-4-(N-itaconimido)benzhydrazide) and its metal complexes as microbial inhibitors and thermal stabilizers for poly(vinyl chloride)

Size-dependent effect of MgAl-layered double hydroxides derived from Mg(OH)2 on thermal stability of poly(vinyl chloride)

Developing green thermal stabilizer for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) today is a great challenge for materials as polymer filler. Here, the “salt-oxide/hydroxide” route in mild conditions is used to fabricate a series of Mg2Al-CO3-LDH samples from Mg(OH)2 precursors with different average particle sizes from 202 ± 10 nm to 334 ± 13 nm. A linear correlation is observed for the lateral size of the platelets between Mg2Al-CO3-LDH samples and their associated Mg(OH)2 precursors. After surface-organo-modification (SOM), organophilic Mg2Al-CO3-LDH samples are found to be highly dispersed into PVC and investigated as environment-friendly thermal stabilizers. From the static/dynamic tests, the performances are strongly enhanced and related to the particle size of the LDH stabilizer, with the yellowish color aspect appearing later than for the commercial HT-3/PVC. Among the LDH series, the platelets with an average particle lateral size of about 220 ± 10 nm perform the best for the thermal stability for PVC polymer. Among the series, the corresponding PVC composite film presents comparatively the minimum color value in static/dynamic discoloration test, exhibiting the longer ignition time for proton initial release as well as the longer stability time in dehydrochlorination test. It underlines that the salt-oxide/hydroxide route is an efficient and environmentally friendly process in producing high-performance green LDH stabilizer for PVC.

Effects of polylactide‐functionalized multi‐walled carbon nanotubes on the crystallization behavior and thermal stability of poly (L‐lactic acid)

AbstractIn this work, poly (L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) grafted multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs‐g‐PLLA) was prepared by ring‐opening polymerization ofL‐lactide (L‐LA) from hydroxylated MWCNTs (MWCNTs‐OH). The grafted product was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and X‐ray diffraction. It is found that MWCNTs‐g‐PLLA exhibits a carbonyl (C═O) stretching vibration peak in PLLA at near 1758 cm−1; the crystal diffraction peaks of MWCNTs‐g‐PLLA at 25.9°, 16.7°, 19.1°, and 21° are same as the peak positions of MWCNTs‐OH and PLLA, indicating that the grafted product is synthesized successfully. Then, MWCNTs‐OH/PLLA48kand MWCNTs‐g‐PLLA/PLLA48kcomposites were obtained by solution blending with different contents. The effects of MWCNTs‐OH and MWCNTs‐g‐PLLA on the crystallization behavior and thermal stability of PLLA48khomopolymer were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized light microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The results show that the crystallinity and the maximum crystallization rate of the blends increases, and the decomposition temperature of the blends increases by above 50°C.