Abstract
Developing green thermal stabilizer for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) today is a great challenge for materials as polymer filler. Here, the “salt-oxide/hydroxide” route in mild conditions is used to fabricate a series of Mg2Al-CO3-LDH samples from Mg(OH)2 precursors with different average particle sizes from 202 ± 10 nm to 334 ± 13 nm. A linear correlation is observed for the lateral size of the platelets between Mg2Al-CO3-LDH samples and their associated Mg(OH)2 precursors. After surface-organo-modification (SOM), organophilic Mg2Al-CO3-LDH samples are found to be highly dispersed into PVC and investigated as environment-friendly thermal stabilizers. From the static/dynamic tests, the performances are strongly enhanced and related to the particle size of the LDH stabilizer, with the yellowish color aspect appearing later than for the commercial HT-3/PVC. Among the LDH series, the platelets with an average particle lateral size of about 220 ± 10 nm perform the best for the thermal stability for PVC polymer. Among the series, the corresponding PVC composite film presents comparatively the minimum color value in static/dynamic discoloration test, exhibiting the longer ignition time for proton initial release as well as the longer stability time in dehydrochlorination test. It underlines that the salt-oxide/hydroxide route is an efficient and environmentally friendly process in producing high-performance green LDH stabilizer for PVC.
Highlights
Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is the third-most widely used polymer around the world, and largely applied in various fields such as construction, chemical, and packaging, electric and electronic products, and so forth [1,2,3]
A series of Mg2Al-CO3-layered double hydroxides (LDH) samples were synthesized by the salt-hydroxide method using the above-prepared Mg(OH)2 precursors, Al(NO3)3 and light magnesium carbonate (LMC) as the feeding materials
The LDH platelets with the smaller particle lateral size of about 202 ± 10 nm were prepared from the smaller particles of Mg(OH)2 presenting a lateral size of 49 ± 5 nm, while the larger particle size of 334 ± 13 nm was from larger particles of Mg(OH)2 of 176 ± 10 nm
Summary
Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is the third-most widely used polymer around the world, and largely applied in various fields such as construction, chemical, and packaging, electric and electronic products, and so forth [1,2,3]. LDH-type materials were prepared by the so-called coprecipitation from the reaction between metal salts in alkaline medium as reported in academy as well as in industry In this route, huge amount of water is produced in the washing steps that makes irrelevant in terms of sustainable development at any large scale-up [21,22,23,24,25]. The so-called “green” synthesis route has been developed using mixture between metal oxide and hydroxide or salt-oxide and hydroxide to reduce drastically the amount of water used during the washing step [26,27,28,29,30] The former is difficult to yield LDH platelets suitable as thermal stabilizer for transparent PVC due to their sizes too large beyond micrometer [31], while the latter is not reported to fabricate LDH filler as PVC stabilizer so far [20]. The PVC/SOM-LDH composites were melt-blended in an open twin-wheel mill, and subsequently investigated for their thermal stability performance as a function of the LDH particle size
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