Thermal Source Research Articles

A quick response soft actuator by miniaturized liquid-to-gas phase change mechanism with environmental thermal source

A quick response soft actuator by miniaturized liquid-to-gas phase change mechanism with environmental thermal source

Left Atrial Posterior Wall Isolation with Pulsed Field Ablation in Persistent Atrial Fibrillation.

Left atrial posterior wall isolation (LAPWI) may improve rhythm control in addition to pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) in persistent atrial fibrillation (persAF) patients undergoing catheter ablation (CA). However, LAPWI may be challenging when using thermal energy sources. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of LAPWI performed by non-thermal pulsed field ablation (PFA) in CA for persAF. Consecutive persAF patients from two German centers were prospectively enrolled. There were two study cohorts: (1) the LAPWI cohort, which included PFA-guided (re-)PVI with LAPWI for first-time and/or repeat ablation procedures; and (2) a comparative persAF cohort with a PFA PVI-only approach without LAPWI for first-time ablation within the same timeframe. Patients were followed up by routine Holter ECGs. In total, 79 persistent AF patients were included in the study: 59/79 patients were enrolled in the LAPWI cohort, including 16/59 index (27%) and 43/59 repeat ablation procedures (73%). Sixteen patients (16/79; 21%) were in the PVI-only cohort without LAPWI. Of the patients treated with LAPWI, procedure time and fluoroscopy time was 91 ± 30 min and 15 ± 7 min, respectively. The acute PVI rate was 100% in all first-time ablation patients (32 patients (16 PVI only, 16 PVI plus LAPWI), 196/196 PVs). Of the 43 re-do patients in the LAPWI cohort, re-PVI was necessary in 33% (14/43) of patients (27 PVs; 1.9 PV per-patient); in 67% (29/43), all PVs were isolated, and antral ablation of the PV ostia was performed in 48% (14/29). LAPWI was performed successfully in all 59 (100%) patients of the LAPWI cohort. Two minor complications occurred. No esophageal lesion was detected in the LAPWI cohort (n = 33/59 (56%) patients underwent endoscopy). After 354 ± 197 days of follow-up, freedom from atrial arrhythmias was 79.3% (95-CI: 62-95%) in the complete LAPWI cohort (n = 14/59 (24%) on AAD: class Ic n = 9, class III n = 5). There was no difference regarding acute procedural and clinical outcome compared to the PVI-only cohort. LAPWI guided by PFA is feasible and safe in patients undergoing CA for persAF and shows favorable outcomes. In the context of durable PVI, PFA-guided LAPWI may be an effective adjunctive treatment option.

Thermal design of a combined hydrogen and oxygen supply system for a fuel cell in low-oxygen environments

In low-oxygen environments such as submarines or unmanned underwater vehicles, the utilization of metal hydride and hydrogen peroxide reformers has become prevalent for generating hydrogen and oxygen for fuel cell power systems. However, these systems necessitate additional thermal sources to function properly. This study presents a novel thermal management module designed to enhance the operational efficiency of fuel cell power systems in such environments. Our proposed thermal management module addresses the dual requirements of supplying heat to the metal hydride and dissipating heat from the high-temperature oxygen produced by the reformer. By strategically diverting the high-temperature wet oxygen outside the metal hydride container, heat is absorbed effectively. To accomplish this, an extensive parametric study was conducted, analyzing the phase-change heat transfer of wet oxygen, enabling us to design and manufacture a prototype of the thermal management module. The accuracy of our design was verified through experimental analysis, confirming the validity of our predictions regarding heat absorption by the metal hydride based on oxygen temperature. Notably, the implementation of our thermal management module resulted in a remarkable 2.6-fold increase in the average dehydrogenation rate of the metal hydride. In summary, this research demonstrates the excellent performance of the proposed thermal management module, offering substantial improvements to fuel cell power systems operating in low-oxygen environments.

Thermal activation of sewers and embedding in a heating-cooling network

The energy district approach is a crucial aspect of the transition to a more sustainable energy system in heating. This approach views individual users not as separate entities for energy optimization, but as a network of users within a specific district to leverage synergies. This requires an energy generation system that both utilises and distributes the energy resources available in the district. In the future, as a result of climate change, residential buildings as well as workplaces in Central Europe will have to be cooled more frequently. The energy supply system must must have the capability to transfer thermal energy of different levels through the network.
 For this purpose, the ´IWAES´ project aims to use the per se necessary infrastructure of urban wastewater management, which is supplemented by thermal absorbers as well as transport pipelines, to meet its objectives.
 The overarching goal of the heating network is to make an urban district completely energy self-sufficient. To achieve this, waste heat from individual users is balanced out, thermal surpluses are stored using phase change storage and all available heat and cooling sources in the quarter (borehole heat exchangers, photovoltaics, thermally activated foundation elements) are integrated into the network. In the ´IWAES´ project, the primary thermal energy source and sink is the thermal activation of the wastewater system, which is also used as thermal infrastructure. The thermal utilisation of the sewage network has the advantage that the temperature level of the sewage and the surrounding soil can be used for both heating and cooling.
 Common geothermal energy sources (borehole heat exchangers etc.) use the thermal energy available in the ground, which is replenished by solar inputs and the deep geothermal flow. The energy sources can therefore only be utilised efficiently for a certain number of hours per year and must then be regenerated either by time-intensive natural heat flows or energy-intensively by extra energy sources (solar thermal, etc.).Wastewater thermal plants regenerate themselves by the constant outflow of wastewater as well
 as through the flowing duct air. Investigations carried out proofed that the air in the sewer flows independently of the direction of the wastewater flow and consequently induces a convective heat transfer between the inner wall of the sewer and the sewer air. The thermally activated sewer, called "hybrid sewer", as designed in the project consists of helical absorber pipes installed outside and optionally additional absorber pipes installed inside. Additional transport pipes attached above the sewer allows a transportation and distribution of heat energy enabling a thermal balance between heat supply and demand and therefore between the individual users of the district (Figure 1).
 On the basis of real hybrid sewers installed and equipped with measurement technology, the performance of the hybrid sewers can be further investigated by means of three-dimensional hydrothermally coupled simulations and transferred into a simplified design approach. Furthermore, the material and operating parameters that have a decisive influence on the thermal performance of the activated sewer are investigated and the extent to which the geometry can be optimised with regard to performance and economic, manufacturing and ecological issues.In the ´IWAES´ project, the hybrid sewer is integrated into a specially developed multi-stage balancing concept, which is based on the principle of energetic subsidiarity and thus represents an innovative possibility for local heat and cold generation [1]. The concept represents a fifth-generation heat network [2], so that every consumer can also be a producer of thermal energy at the same time and is connected to the thermal network via a bidirectional acting house connection.
 The focus of this contribution is on the presentation of the developed technical components and the thermal activation of the sewers as well as their performance.
 Initial studies showed that up to 15 % of the thermal energy demand of an urban district can be obtained from the thermal energy of the wastewater alone. Furthermore, it has been shown that the thermal energy generated by the hybrid canal can be used efficiently for both heating and cooling, and that higher extraction rates can be achieved over a longer time than with conventional geothermal extraction systems. It was also found that the efficiency of the heating network increases significantly with the number of different types of use (server rooms, swimming pools, etc.) and differential energy sources. Furthermore economic and ecological studies have also shown that the developed concept is clearly advantageous compared to conventional thermal supply concepts.
 The research that is now pending represents the validation of the developed concept on the basis of real laid and measurement-equipped hybrid ducts. In addition, a functional, economic and legally permissible operating model will be investigated.

USE OF SECONDARY ENERGY RESOURCES TO PROVIDE HOT WATER SUPPLY TO BUILDINGS AND CONSTRUCTIONS

The paper assesses the possibility of using secondary energy resources to provide hot water supply to buildings and constructions. The introduction of recovery systems by using previously unused cheap waste heat energy helps to reduce the amount of energy produced and consumed, increase energy efficiency, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, which correspond to the development strategy of the construction industry and housing and communal services in the field of environmental protection and energy saving. A method for using the waste heat energy of refrigeration plants to provide hot water supply to an apartment building is proposed. This method makes it possible to ensure uninterrupted supply of hot water to consumers with minimal dependence on the operation of centralized heat supply systems. The minimum power of waste thermal energy sources necessary for the organization of such systems is calculated, and possible sources of secondary energy resources are proposed.

Enhancing Thermal Performance of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) Incorporating Sugar Sediment Waste and Recycled AAC with Phase Change Material-Coated Applications for Sustainable Energy Conservation in Building

This research focuses on the integration of waste materials derived from sugar sediment and recycled AAC into the manufacturing process of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) to enhance its physical, mechanical, and thermal characteristics. Furthermore, the investigation explores the prospect of augmenting the thermal efficiency of the AAC composite by applying different quantities of paraffin phase change material (PCM) coatings to its external surface. Throughout the thermal testing phase, temperature control was consistently maintained at three distinct levels: 40 °C, 50 °C, and 60 °C, facilitated by a heater serving as the thermal source. The investigation unveiled that the optimal composition encompassed a 10% by weight replacement of sand with recycled AAC content. This formulation resulted in a peak compressive strength of around 5.85 N/mm2, along with a maximum tobermorite phase ratio of 25.5%. The elevated strength is directly associated with the heightened crystalline nature of the tobermorite phase. The most favorable configuration incorporated a 20 g PCM-coated material, demonstrating remarkable outcomes, including an extension of the time lag by about 55%, a reduction in the decrement factor by around 56.4%, as well as a substantial reduction in room temperature of roughly 15.8% compared to standard AAC without PCM coating, all at a stable temperature of 60 °C. The integration of sustainable waste materials and PCM technology, as illustrated in this study, notably contributes to resource conservation and the advancement of energy-efficient architectural practices.

Design and Implementation of a Control Strategy for a Dynamic Organic Rankine Cycle‐Based Power System in the Context of Industrial Waste Heat Recovery

Transient thermal waste heat sources, such as solar energy, industrial waste heat, and ship exhaust heat, pose significant challenges in terms of their reuse in other processes. Therefore, ensuring the safe and efficient design and operation of the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system for these heat sources is imperative. Comprehending the ORC system's dynamic characteristics is necessary to formulate suitable control strategies. This article undertakes a comprehensive review of previous studies on dynamic modeling and control of the ORC system and discusses the prevalent dynamic modeling methodologies, the challenges frequently encountered in dynamic simulations, and a range of control strategies. This article comprehensively analyzes the overall control strategies used by ORC systems. Additionally, the energy conversion systems utilized in ORC are depicted in detail. Furthermore, using model predictive control in a simulation study allows for investigating various components’ disturbance and dynamic characteristics within the ORC system. These components include the expander, pump, condenser, and evaporator using setpoint tracking. Ultimately, this analysis aims to optimize the performance of the ORC cycle. The findings indicate that the utilization of superheating in the working fluid is the most effective method for achieving maximum power generation in an ORC system.

Yamula barajının hidroelektrik rezervuar işletiminin makine öğrenimi ile simülasyonu

Large-scale reservoirs provide operational flexibility to water managers by storing water during times with higher surface water availability and releasing water when it is most needed. Most large-scale reservoirs serve for multipurpose demands, such as water supply for agricultural, urban and environmental users, hydropower, recreation, fisheries and transportation. Due to its low operating cost, hydropower generation is often maximized in energy systems with mixed hydro and thermal sources. Hydropower generation is also used to meet peak demand by advantage of operating in short notice. This study aims to simulate reservoir operations of the Yamula Dam and hydropower plant using machine learning. Located on the Kızılırmak River, the Yamula Dam is a large-scale multipurpose reservoir with its 3476 million cubic meters storage capacity. Turbine release decisions are learned with Random Forests algorithm. The developed model successfully predict reservoir releases between 2006 and 2015, with a coefficient of determination r2 value of 0.87. Model prediction results are provided, and then hydropower load, generation and revenue are calculated and results are presented. The Yamula Dam generates about 362.3 GWh of energy per year, with an annual average revenue of 14.1 million Dollars.

A computational study on entropy optimized nonlinear convective dual diffusive slip flow of rate type liquid under modern diffusion concepts

Flows configured by moving surface holds considerable importance in fluid mechanics. The moving surface finds widespread usages in distinct real-world scenarios, for illustration rubber sheets, hot rolling, plastic drawing, paper manufacturing, glass blowing and wire fabrication. The rate of stretching/cooling during these processes play a vital role in ensuring the production of high-excellence end-products. This attempt features entropy optimized slip flow featuring rate type (Jeffrey) liquid subjected to Cattaneo–Christov (CC) dual diffusion and nonlinear convection aspects. Variable fluid aspects (i.e., thermal conductivity and mass diffusivity) along with thermal source and first order chemical reaction are scrutinized. The problem is formulated by employing fundamental laws of fluid dynamics. The non-linear partial differential equations are transformed into the ordinary ones using suitable transformations. Subsequently, optimal homotopic methodology (OHAM) is employed to achieve computational results. Developed nonlinear problems are determined for velocity, temperature and concentration fields. Bejan number, skin friction and the graphs of entropy generation parameters have been plotted and argued. To validate the problem, the comparison for different parameters has been addressed through Shooting and OHAM techniques. Total residual error is calculated. Main outcomes are presented in conclusions.

Dual degree branched type-2 fuzzy controller optimized with a hybrid algorithm for frequency regulation in a triple-area power system integrated with renewable sources

The uncertainties associated with multi-area power systems comprising both thermal and distributed renewable generation (DRG) sources such as solar and wind necessitate the use of an efficient load frequency control (LFC) technique. Therefore, a hybrid version of two metaheuristic algorithms (arithmetic optimization and African vulture's optimization algorithm) is developed. It is called the ‘arithmetic optimized African vulture's optimization algorithm (AOAVOA)’. This algorithm is used to tune a novel type-2 fuzzy-based proportional–derivative branched with dual degree-of-freedom proportional–integral–derivative controller for the LFC of a three-area hybrid deregulated power system. Thermal, electric vehicle (EV), and DRG sources (including a solar panel and a wind turbine system) are connected in area-1. Area-2 involves thermal and gas-generating units (GUs), while thermal and geothermal units are linked in area-3. Practical restrictions such as thermo-boiler dynamics, thermal-governor dead-band, and generation rate constraints are also considered. The proposed LFC method is compared to other controllers and optimizers to demonstrate its superiority in rejecting step and random load disturbances. By functioning as energy storage elements, EVs and DRG units can enhance dynamic responses during peak demand. As a result, the effect of the aforementioned units on dynamic reactions is also investigated. To validate its effectiveness, the closed-loop system is subjected to robust stability analysis and is compared to various existing control schemes from the literature. It is determined that the suggested AOAVOA improves fitness by 40.20% over the arithmetic optimizer (AO), while frequency regulation is improved by 4.55% over an AO-tuned type-2 fuzzy-based branched controller.

Thermal neutron capture cross-section and resonance integral measurements of 186W(n,γ)187W reaction using the thermal column neutron source at the Dalat research reactor

The thermal neutron radiative capture cross-section (σ0) and the resonance integral (I0) of the reaction 186W(n,γ)187W were measured by the thin foil activation method using the well thermalized neutron source at the graphite thermal column facility of the Dalat research reactor. The activities of the irradiated target and monitor samples were measured using a high resolution HPGe gamma-ray spectrometer. The recent updated values of gamma-rays intensities and decay half-life of the 187W nucleus were applied in this experiment to substantially improve the cross-section results compared to the previous measurements. The thermal neutron capture cross- section and the resonance integral of the 186W(n,γ)187W reaction were determined relative to the standard reaction 197Au(n,γ)198Au. The values obtained are 31.76 ± 0.63 and 429.2 ± 25.6 barns for σ0 and I0 respectively. Our results and previous measured values are compared, and discrepancies are discussed.

Performance analysis of a multi-source renewable energy system for temperature control in buildings of varied thermal transmittance and climate zone

The current paper presents a numerical analysis of a multi-source renewable energy system for building air conditioning aiming at decarbonising the building envelope. The thermal management of the building is pursued through a radiant floor fed by a heat pump and integrated with phase change materials for thermal inertia enhancement. A fan coil is foreseen for humidity control. The heat pump can be fed through three parallel circuits involving different thermal sources: air with an ordinary air-to-water heat exchanger, sun through photovoltaic thermal solar collectors, and ground using shallow ground flat-panel heat exchangers. At need, the ground can be exploited for thermal energy storage when the heat pump is idle. A set of dedicated control rules chooses the optimal source or mix of sources to exploit at any time. Simulations of a reference building, namely a large single-room snack bar, are performed for various plant configurations, hypothesising the building as located in distinct climate zones and characterised by different thermal transmittance. The thermal performance of the building is given in terms of primary energy needs per year and compared to that of an analogous single-source plant. Results show that the proposed system can lead to primary energy savings of up to 16% compared to the corresponding state-of-the-art single-source plant, being more effective if the geothermal field is large enough and the building heating and cooling needs are comparable. The relevance of a proper control algorithm for plant performance optimisation is highlighted: a thermal power-based approach is proposed and successfully tested.

Pond ash as a potential material for sustainable geotechnical applications - a review.

Energy-harnessing sources significantly influence a country's infrastructure and economic development. Though nuclear and hydel power sources are used for energy harnessing, thermal sources are still the primary power source in India and contribute to 75% of the demand. Thermal power plants exploit large volumes of coal reserves. The combustion of coal leads to 30%-40% of waste ash residues such as Fly ash and Bottom ash. Though Fly ash finds greater applicability, pond ash poses a severe environmental hazard due to its large occupancy of terrain in ash dykes and lagoons. Many research efforts are underway to utilize pond ash in various structural and geotechnical infrastructure projects; however, there are still limitations and apprehensions about its properties and determination. The present study provides a detailed review of the morphological and chemical properties. Further, the geotechnical attributes of pond ash, including strength characteristics, consolidation parameters, and durability aspects, are critically reviewed for the probable application as fill material for backfill and many other applications. Based on the earlier research on pond ash, it could be comprehended that pond ash has wide property variability and finds compatibility with many other pozzolanic admixtures and, in this way, finds broader applicability in geotechnical projects. The way forwards could be a significant step towards cleaner and greener technology.

Boosting the performances of protonic solid oxide fuel cells for co-production of propylene and electricity from propane by integrating thermo- and electro- catalysis

Protonic solid oxide fuel cells (p-SOFC) integrated with clean thermal energy sources are promising platforms for decarbonized chemical production in addition to power generation, such as on-purpose propylene production from propane dehydrogenation (PDH). The catalytic performance of the conventional nickel-cermet-based anode materials in p-SOFC for propane conversion is restrained by their low active surface area and proneness to coking. In this work, by integration of a highly efficient industry-relevant thermal catalyst PtGa/ZSM-5 for PDH reaction, we demonstrate that both the electrochemical and catalytic performance of the propane-fueled p-SOFC can be effectively enhanced. The PtGa catalyst integrated p-SOFC exhibits a peak power density of 93 mW cm−2 at 600 °C, which is greater by about 100% and 50% than that without catalyst or with a perovskite-based (Pr0.3Sr0.7)0.9Ni0.1Ti0.9O3 (PSNT) catalyst layer, respectively. The PDH activity and olefin selectivity of the PtGa catalyst is also significantly higher than that of the PSNT catalyst. In addition, much improved coke tolerance and propylene selectivity (over 90%) compared to the catalyst-free Ni-cermet anode materials were achieved by integrating the industrial catalyst layer. The propane conversion can be further improved by an applied current density, whereas the olefin selectivity is almost unaltered. The excellent performance of the PtGa catalyst integrated p-SOFC is attributed to the high surface area, intrinsically high catalytic activity, selectivity, and anti-coking properties of the catalytic layer for propane conversion. This work provides a general approach and a case study for boosting the performances of p-SOFCs in chemical production by integrating thermo- and electro- catalysis.

Experimental Study on a Small-Scale Transcritical CO2 Rankine Cycle for Solar Thermal Applications

The supercritical CO2 cycle is one of the next generation’s power generation cycle. Especially, the transcritical CO2 Rankine cycle (TCRC) is a suitable candidate for dispersed generation systems with small-scale solar thermal applications. Compared to other cycle studies applied in other fields such as nuclear energy, there are limited reports on renewable energy fields. Therefore, in this study, the TCRC for a small-scale solar thermal heat source is investigated by thermodynamic and experimental methods. The experimental facility was built with approximately 12 kW of thermal capacity and commissioned to evaluate its performance using a case study. The maximum temperature of the cycle is the primary optimization variable of the experiment, and it has a significant impact on the cycle thermal efficiency. Based on the experimental data, the trends of the cycle thermal efficiency and generated power are simulated assuming that the TCRC is operating with real insolation during the daytime. As a result of the simulation, maximum efficiencies of 6.41 and 6.03% are obtained from maximum solar radiation amounts of 758 and 674 W/m2 in May and June, respectively. At that time, the amounts of power generated were 726 W and 626 W, respectively.

DETECTION OF HAZARDOUS STATES AND FAULT CONTROL
 IN STRETCHED STEEL ELEMENTS BY THERMAL METHOD

The article discusses the areas of effective application, the features of heat generation and the main possibilities
 of the passive method of thermal non-destructive testing of steel elements and products. The basic requirements
 for passive thermal control equipment are formulated. The mechanism of heat generation in steel is described and
 the structure of the formula for changing its temperature during deformation is substantiated. It is shown that
 the diagnostics of steel elements in the passive mode should be carried out with the functioning of heat sources in them,
 arising as a result of force effects on structures. The features of determining the stress state in steel elements by
 the passive thermal method are considered.
 
 It is shown that the passive method of thermal non-destructive testing of steel structures, loaded with
 continuously increasing or decreasing forces in time, under the influence of which internal deformation heat sources
 and surface temperature fields function in potentially dangerous zones of elements, makes it possible to control the
 operability in elastic, elastic-plastic stages of steel operation, the origin and development of destruction. The power
 of thermal deformation sources, the places of their occurrence and the kinetics of development depend on the conditions
 of force loading, external temperature influences, material and structural shape of the elements.

Characterizing sector-wide thermal energy profiles for industrial sectors

Process heat electrification, energy efficiency improvement, and renewable technology integration are the most effective ways of achieving industrial decarbonization. However, precise knowledge of thermal energy demands and excess heat sources along with the corresponding temperature levels is imperative for the most optimum integration of aforementioned process. The current study presents a novel methodology for constructing sector-wide composite curves to accurately characterize the thermal energy demands and the available excess heat sources for the Swiss industry subsectors. The sector-wide energy demand profiles derived from this methodology offer valuable insights into the quantity of heat demand and the quality of the available excess heat. Thus, enabling the implementation of energy efficiency and decarbonization technologies such as heat pumps, and renewable heating and cooling technologies. The sector-wide energy demand profiles are built using Pinch Analyses and top-down statistical approach, thus ensuring complete sectoral coverage. The application of this novel approach is demonstrated using Swiss meat and chocolate industry subsectors as case studies. Based on the sector-wide energy demand profiles developed for meat and chocolate production, heat pump integration and solar thermal integration can potentially reduce about 80% of process heat demand, for both sectors.

Effect of low current cold atmospheric plasma on grains surface structure and water absorption capacity

The use of preparatory electrophysical methods of influencing food raw materials is one of the main trends in the development of innovative processes and technologies in the food and processing industry. Based on the physical effect of electron emission from a thermal emission source, a cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) was obtained, which was successfully applied to the grain material. Physical characteristics and evolution of low-temperature atmospheric plasma were considered as the main methods of analysis of electrophysical effects. To assess the effect of low-temperature plasma on grain material, measurements of water absorption capacity and analysis of surface modification by electron scanning microscopy were carried out. It has been experimentally established that CAP treatment contributes to a more intensive process of water absorption due to changes in the surface structure of the grain material. The total duration of the process of water absorption of grain material after processing of CAP decreased by more than three times until the equilibrium moisture content was reached. Scanning electron microscopy has shown that the processing of CAP leads to the appearance of a fine-mesh structure of the surface of the grain material. The effect of CAP treatment leads to modification of the seed surface, which consists in the manifestation of a fine-meshed structure on the surface of the seeds. Taking into account the advantages of CAP technology, namely the absence of the need for vacuuming and short processing time, the technology has a high practical potential.

Thermal Loss Analysis, Design, and Test of a Novel HTS Magnet System for the Double-Stator Field-Modulation HTS Electrical Machine

A novel double-stator field-modulation high temperature superconducting electrical machine (DSFM-HTSM) has been proposed, in which the armature windings and the HTS magnets are mounted on the outer and inner stator respectively, realizing stationary seal of the coolant and brushless transfer of the excitation current. The HTS magnet system is the core component of the DSFM-HTSM, consisting of the HTS magnets and the cryogenic refrigeration system, the design and safe operation of which are a key issue. Therefore, this paper focuses on the thermal loss analysis, design and test methods of the new HTS magnet system for the DSFM-HTSM. An atypical HTS magnet with small dimensions is proposed to suit the topology of the DSFM-HTSM. The different thermal loss sources are carefully analyzed and theoretically calculated, considering the characteristics of each source. The detailed design process of the HTS magnet system is presented. Moreover, an experimental platform is built and tested to verify the validity of the thermal loss analysis and design method. The corresponding research results can lay the foundation for the development and application of the large scale DSFM-HTSM, and can provide some reference for the analysis and design of similar HTS magnet systems.

Amine treatment application for carbon dioxide capturing from gas emissions of a hybrid power plant with a solid oxide fuel cell

The transition to alternative electrical and thermal energy sources has opened up many promising areas for the hydrogen-containing fuel study. When assessing the environmental prospects of using a solid oxide fuel cell, it was found that carbon dioxide is obtained as a by-product, which must be captured and disposed of. Carbon dioxide is captured by physical absorption, chemisorption, adsorption, catalytic hydrogenation, membranes, enzymes under the electricity action. In this work, an experiment was carried out on the carbon dioxide capture by absorption, namely, amine-containing substances. In the experiment, both single-component and multi-component solutions were tested. The experiment was carried out on a laboratory setup. Based on the data obtained, a conclusion was made on the carbon dioxide capture by various classes of amines. Recommendations have been made for industrial scale amine purification. Compliance with these requirements will achieve good results in industrial carbon capture.