Thermal Resistance Properties Research Articles

A highly transparent cellulose film for shielding ultraviolet and high-energy visible blue light.

The ultraviolet (UV) and high-energy visible blue (HEVB) light can cause damage to the eyes and skin. In this study, a cellulose composite film with UV and HEVB light shielding properties was prepared through the incorporation of a shielding agent into a carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solution. The shielding agent was synthesized through a Schiff base reaction between vanillin (VA) and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS). The composite films exhibited excellent shielding performance against UV and HEVB light and maintained high visible light transmittance. Additionally, the films achieved shielding ratios of 100% for UV (200 to 400nm) and 93% for HEVB (400 to 450nm), respectively. Even under prolonged UV irradiation, the composite films maintained excellent shielding stability. The composite films exhibited higher performance in blocking UV and HEVB light than commercial shielding films. Moreover, the composite films achieved 100% antibacterial efficiency against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, even with minimal amounts of the shielding agent. Furthermore, the films exhibited significant improvements in thermal stability, oxidation resistance, and mechanical properties. The multifunctional UV and HEVB shielding films have broad potential applications in food packaging, anti-UV/HEVB radiation display screens, and mobile phone screens.

Development of Bio-Composites from Milkweed Fibers Using Air-Laid Spike Process for Automobile Dashboard Applications

This study focused on examining the reinforcement of milkweed fibers in polylactic acid (PLA) bio-composites used for dashboards in car interiors. Milkweed fiber is a natural fiber with a hollow structure that provides tremendous thermal insulation and noise resistance properties. Firstly, the milkweed fibers were blended with PLA fibers in a weight ratio of 75:25 using an air-laying process. Then, several layers of nonwoven material were compressed in a hydraulic press to obtain bio-composites. Finally, three bio-composites were obtained with different numbers of layers. The density, microstructure, thermal conductivity, sound transmission loss (STL), mechanical properties, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and contact angles of the bio-composites were evaluated. The microstructure analysis revealed that some milkweed fibers collapsed due to the high-pressure molding process, which does not affect the bio-composite properties. The bio-composite with a higher number of nonwoven layers presented a poor interface between PLA and milkweed fibers, thus making it less homogeneous. This bio-composite showed a decrease of 5% in thermal conductivity values and a 19% increase in STL values. In addition, it exhibited a 160% increase in specific flexural strength and a 335% increase in specific flexural modulus compared to samples with a lower number of nonwoven layers. Therefore, it offers the best mechanical-property-to-density ratio, with values that conform to the specifications required for automotive dashboards.

Strong and Fireproof Regenerated Wood via a Combined Phosphorylation-Surface Nanofibrillation and Ionic Cross-Linking Strategy.

To reduce the environmental impact of plastics, an increasing number of high-performance sustainable materials have emerged. Among them, wood-based high-performance structural materials have gained growing attention due to their outstanding mechanical and thermal properties. Here, we introduce phosphate groups onto the wood veneers for surface nanofibrillation, effectively altering both the molecular structure and surface morphology of wood, which enhances the interactions between wood veneers and endows the wood with excellent fire resistance properties. With these phosphorylated wood-based building blocks, "chemical welding" structural materials (CWSMs) obtained through chemical cross-linking exhibit excellent mechanical properties. The flexural strength of CWSM reaches 225 MPa, and the modulus reaches 16 GPa, surpassing those of various types of natural wood. At the same time, phosphorylation has endowed CWSM with excellent fire resistance, with a limiting oxygen index reaching 49%, making it completely noncombustible. More importantly, as a biomass-based structural material, CWSM exhibits mechanical, thermal, and fire resistance properties and degradability far superior to those of traditional petroleum-based plastics, making it an ideal candidate for plastic replacement.

Recent Advances in the Performance and Mechanisms of High-Entropy Alloys Under Low- and High-Temperature Conditions

High-entropy alloys, since their development, have demonstrated great potential for applications in extreme temperatures. This article reviews recent progress in their mechanical performance, microstructural evolution, and deformation mechanisms at low and high temperatures. Under low-temperature conditions, the focus is on alloys with face-centered cubic, body-centered cubic, and multi-phase structures. Special attention is given to their strength, toughness, strain-hardening capacity, and plastic-toughening mechanisms in cold environments. The key roles of lattice distortion, nanoscale twin formation, and deformation-induced martensitic transformation in enhancing low-temperature performance are highlighted. Dynamic mechanical behavior, microstructural evolution, and deformation characteristics at various strain rates under cold conditions are also summarized. Research progress on transition metal-based and refractory high-entropy alloys is reviewed for high-temperature environments, emphasizing their thermal stability, oxidation resistance, and frictional properties. The discussion reveals the importance of precipitation strengthening and multi-phase microstructure design in improving high-temperature strength and elasticity. Advanced fabrication methods, including additive manufacturing and high-pressure torsion, are examined to optimize microstructures and improve service performance. Finally, this review suggests that future research should focus on understanding low-temperature toughening mechanisms and enhancing high-temperature creep resistance. Further work on cost-effective alloy design, dynamic mechanical behavior exploration, and innovative fabrication methods will be essential. These efforts will help meet engineering demands in extreme environments.

Chip warpage and stress analysis in power modules of different substrate configurations

Purpose This paper aims to use rigorous finite element simulations to investigate the impact of different substrate systems on the warpage behavior of silicon (Si) chips of power modules exposed to thermal loading. Design/methodology/approach Three common substrate systems: direct copper bonded (DCB), insulated metal substrate (IMS) and printed circuit board (PCB) configurations examined. In addition, three lead-free bonding materials: silver-tin transient liquid phase (TLP), sintered silver (Ag) and sintered copper (Cu). This results in nine assembly configurations. Finite element models of the electronic modules are developed using ANSYS to apply thermal loads from room temperature to 250°C to induce deformations, strains and stresses in the electronic structure. Accordingly, the silicon chip deformations and maximum principal stresses of each assembly configuration are thoroughly examined. Findings The results indicate that DCB-based power modules markedly reduce Si die warpage and maximum principal stresses, suggesting enhanced resistance to thermal loads. In contrast, IMS systems exhibit the highest levels of die warpage and out-of-plane deformation. PCB substrates, however, induce the highest maximum principal stress values in the silicon die, potentially leading to accelerated crack initiation and propagation. While the die attach system has a minimal effect on die warpage, the silver-tin TLP bonds generate significantly higher die stresses compared with sintered Ag and sintered Cu, which both result in reduced stresses. Originality/value Power electronics exceptionally rely on ceramic-based and polymer-based substrate systems due to their superior thermal conductivity, heat resistance and electrical insulation properties. The strategic selection of substrate structures can significantly enhance the robustness of power. Ultimately, the findings of this research provide valuable insights for the design of highly reliable and efficient power modules subjected to thermal stress.

Comparison of the Influence of Polypropylene (PP) or Polybutylene Terephthalate (PBT)-Based Meltblown and Polyester/Polyamide-Based Hydroentangled Inner Layers on the Sound and Thermal Insulation Properties of Layered Nonwoven Composite Structures.

Thermal and sound insulation play a vital role in today's world, and nonwoven composite structures including microfiber layers provide efficient solutions for addressing these demands. In this study, the sound and thermal insulation properties of nonwoven composite structures, including single-layer meltblown, multilayer meltblown, hydroentangled, and nanofiber nonwoven inner layers, were compared statistically by using Design Expert 13 software. The inner layer type and outer layer type of the composite structures were considered as independent variables, and thickness, bulk density, air permeability, sound absorption coefficient, and thermal resistance of composite structures were evaluated as dependent variables during statistical analyses. The effects of layer types on dependent variables were investigated comparatively, and the best inner and outer layers for high sound and thermal insulation were determined. It was concluded that the developed nonwoven composites including hydroentangled and three-layered meltblown layers demonstrated superior sound absorption properties at low (changing between 48% and 70%) and moderate (ranging between 77% and 96%) sound frequencies, respectively, when compared to composites and materials including single-layer meltblown or nanofiber nonwoven structures reported in prior studies. Additionally, it can be inferred that the composite structures obtained in this study exhibited thermal resistance properties (0.49 to 0.73 m2K/W) comparable to those of commercial thermal insulation materials.

Cyclic thermal shock resistance and tribological properties of AlCrSiN, AlTiSiN and AlCrSiN/AlTiSiN multilayer hard coatings

Cyclic thermal shock resistance and tribological properties of AlCrSiN, AlTiSiN and AlCrSiN/AlTiSiN multilayer hard coatings

Novel high-efficiency nano metal oxide based on phosphorus as smart flame retardants with multiple reactive for sustainable cotton-polyester fabrics.

Textile materials are extensively used due to their advantageous properties; however, their inherent flammability presents significant safety risks, particularly in residential and historical settings. To mitigate these risks, the integration of flame-retardant agents into textile fabrics is essential for enhancing fire resistance and advancing sustainable development. In this study, cotton-polyester fabrics were treated with a flame-retardant composite containing nano graphene oxide (NGO), sodium hypophosphite dihydrate (SHFDH), and lignin (L). The flame-retardant properties were evaluated using the limited oxygen index (LOI) test, with treated fabrics achieving a notable LOI value of 33 %, compared to 17 % for the untreated control. Thermal stability and surface morphology were analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The treated fabrics also achieved a V0 rating in the UL 94 vertical flame test, whereas untreated fabrics exhibited a burning rate of 110 mm/min. Antibacterial performance was significantly enhanced, with the treated fabrics showing a 15 mm inhibition zone, compared to no inhibition observed in untreated samples. Moreover, toxic gas emissions during combustion including CO, CO₂, SO₂, NOx, and NO were reduced by 61 %, 50 %, 54 %, 60 %, and 66 %, respectively. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of incorporating green flame-retardant chemicals in significantly improving the thermal stability, flame resistance, and antibacterial properties of fabrics, contributing to both safety and sustainability.

Thermal and Mechanical Performances Optimization of Plaster–Polystyrene Bio-Composites for Building Applications

Polystyrene is renowned for its excellent thermal insulation due to its closed-cell structure that traps air and reduces heat conduction. This study aims to develop sustainable, energy-efficient building materials by enhancing the thermal and mechanical properties of plaster–polystyrene bio-composites. By incorporating varying amounts of polystyrene (5% to 25%) into plaster, our research investigates changes in thermal conductivity, thermal resistance, and mechanical properties such as Young’s modulus and maximum stress. Meticulous preparation of composite samples ensures consistency, with thermal and mechanical properties assessed using a thermal chamber and four-point bending and tensile tests. The results show that increasing the polystyrene content significantly improved thermal insulation and stiffness, though maximum stress decreased, indicating a trade-off between insulation and mechanical strength.

Factors Determining Unique Thermal Resistance and Surface Properties of Silicone-Containing Composites.

This review discusses the key factors influencing the exceptional thermal resistance and surface properties of silicone-containing composites. Silicone polymers, known for their excellent chemical and physical properties, are widely used in a number of innovative products. In order to make silicone composites suitable for innovative applications, it is essential to ensure that they have both very good thermal resistance and superhydrophobic properties. Identification of the key factors influencing these properties enables the use of these composites in coatings, electronics and photovoltaic panels. The discussion includes the role of organosilicon polymer structures and the incorporation of micro- and nanoadditives to enhance the performance of these materials. Different methods for the modification and production of silicone composites are analyzed, with an emphasis on achieving thermal stability and surface superhydrophobicity simultaneously. The review highlights the growing demand for silicone-based coatings due to technological advances and environmental concerns. Furthermore, the role of surface modification and hierarchical surface structures in achieving these unique properties is discussed, as well as the potential applications and challenges in the development of next-generation silicone-containing materials.

Enhanced Interfacial Properties of Carbon Fiber/Polymerization of Monomers Reactants Method Polyimide Composite by Polyimide Sizing.

Carbon fiber (CF)-reinforced polyimide (PI) resin matrix composites have great application potential in areas such as rail transport, medical devices, and aerospace due to their excellent thermal stability, dielectric properties, solvent resistance, and mechanical properties. However, the epoxy sizing agent used for traditional carbon fiber cannot withstand the processing temperature of polyimide resin, of up to 350 °C, resulting in the formation of pores or defects at the interface between the fiber and the resin matrix, leading to the degradation of the overall composite properties. To overcome this problem, in this study, a low-molecular-weight thermosetting polyimide sizing agent was prepared and the processability of the sized carbon fiber was optimized by a thermoplastic polyimide. Compared with the unsized carbon fiber polyimide composites, the interfacial properties of the composites after the polyimide sizing treatment were significantly improved, with the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) increasing from 82.08 MPa to 136.27 MPa, the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) increasing from 103.7 to 124.9 MPa, and the bending strength increasing from 2262.2 MPa to 2562.1 MPa. The sizing agent acts as a bridge between the carbon fiber and polyimide resin, with anchorage and bonding at the interface between the fiber and resin, which are beneficial for enhancing the interface performance of composites.

Utilization of LDPE Plastic Waste and Laterite Soil in Manufacturing of Stabilized Earth Brick

The innovative combination of LDPE plastic waste and laterite soil presents a compelling solution for sustainable construction. This approach not only aligns with circular economy principles but also minimizes the environmental impact of building activities. Research has shown that stabilized earth bricks incorporating 60% LDPE plastic exhibit superior compressive strength compared to traditional mud bricks and laterite stone. Moreover, the inclusion of LDPE plastic waste enhances the bricks' water absorption and thermal resistance properties, making them especially suitable for humid regions, Using LDPE plastic waste and laterite soil to manufacture stabilized earth bricks can reduce pollution, promote sustainability, and offer affordable housing solutions. The study emphasizes their potential as a viable alternative for construction and to develop a stabilized earth brick using plastic waste and laterite soil that can meet the standards of a conversional brick.

Carbon plastics for reusable hypersonic flight vehicles

The development of hypersonic unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for aerospace systems presents ambitious challenges for scientists and engineers. Extreme flight conditions, such as ultra-high speeds and significant aerodynamic heating, necessitate the creation of new materials capable of withstanding such loads. One of the most promising materials for constructing hypersonic UAVs is carbon fiber-reinforced polymer based on bisphenol nitrile. This material exhibits high thermal resistance, chemical stability, and excellent mechanical properties. Utilizing bisphenol nitrile combined with carbon fibers has enabled the production of composite materials that can operate at temperatures exceeding 3000C, far surpassing the capabilities of traditional polymer matrices. To assess the suitability of the developed carbon fiber-reinforced plastic for hypersonic UAV applications, comprehensive studies of its physical, mechanical, and thermal characteristics were conducted across a wide temperature range from 20 to 3000C. The obtained results provided a detailed characterization of the composite and allowed for comparisons with other high-temperature composite materials. The developed carbon fiber-reinforced plastic based on bisphenol nitrile binder shows great promise for constructing hypersonic UAVs. Its high thermal resistance, combined with excellent mechanical properties, makes it suitable for use in the extreme temperature conditions typical of hypersonic flight.

Optimizing polylactic acid composites: Role of sodium lignosulfonate-modified carbon nanotubes in mechanical and interfacial performance

In this study, researchers synthesized sodium lignosulfonate (LS) modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes (L-MWCNTs) using a deep eutectic solvent (DES) method and incorporated them into polylactic acid (PLA) composite films using a solvent evaporation method. The nanofiller content ranged between 0.5 % and 1.5 % by mass. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the uniform dispersion of LS on the surface of MWCNTs, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that L-MWCNTs were homogeneously distributed within PLA matrix without notable aggregation. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated enhanced thermal stability, with an 8.4 % increase in residue at 800 °C. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the successful integration of L-MWCNTs into the composite films, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed a significant increase in crystallinity (Xc) from 47.4 % to 68.9 %. With increasing L-MWCNT content, ultraviolet-visible (UV–vis) transmittance decreased from 75.9 % to 28.9 %, and oxygen (O2) permeability was reduced by 22.4 %. At an L-MWCNT content of 1.5 %, the composite films exhibited an increase of 49.7 % and 194.5 % in tensile strength and elongation at break compared to pure PLA. These results unveil that PLA/L-MWCNT composite films possess excellent mechanical strength, thermal resistance, and barrier properties, enabling their suitability for advanced applications in packaging, medical, and electronic industries.

Improving thermal cracking and fatigue cracking performance of hard asphalt binders with bio-renewable additives

Traditional hard asphalt, due to its low cost and excellent mechanical properties, is considered a favorable material for resisting permanent deformation under high-temperature conditions. However, its limited stress relaxation ability at medium and low temperatures significantly impairs its capacity to meet the cracking resistance requirements. To address the limitation, this study synthesized three green and sustainable bio-renewable additives derived from high oleic rapeseed oil. These additives aimed to improve the performance of hard asphalt at medium- and low-temperature conditions, thereby broadening its potential for application in green and low-carbon construction practices. Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR) tests were conducted to determine the critical low-temperature difference (ΔTc) to evaluate the thermal cracking resistance of bio-modified hard asphalt. The effects of the bio-additives on fatigue cracking resistance of hard asphalt were investigated using rheological indices, crossover frequencies, Glover-Rowe (G-R) parameters, and Linear Amplitude Sweep (LAS) tests. The results indicated that bio-additives effectively alleviated the stress in hard asphalt and reduced the asphalt’s susceptibility to thermal cracking by improving the flexibility and stress relaxation of the hard asphalt at low temperatures. Furthermore, the bio-additives substantially improved the ductility and toughness of hard asphalt at intermediate temperatures by lowering its strain sensitivity and increasing its fatigue cracking resistance. Additionally, the high oleic rapeseed oil-based derivatives notably reduced hard asphalt binder’s cracking induced by aging. Among the three bio-additives, acrylated epoxidized high oleic rapeseed oil (AEHORO) and epoxidized high oleic rapeseed oil (EHORO) were noticed to exhibit the most significant improvements in thermal cracking resistance and anti-aging properties, demonstrating superior load-bearing capacity at low temperatures. Overall, the developed bio-additives significantly improved both the thermal cracking and fatigue damage resistance of traditional hard asphalt, thus expanding its applications in pavements for various regions.

Thermal inactivation of non-proteolytic Clostridium botulinum spores in chilled plant-based foods

To support innovation in the dynamic plant-based foods sector, a study was conducted to set fit for purpose and risk-based alternative thermal processing conditions to the usually used safe harbour heat treatment of 90 °C - 10 min that ensures food safety of extended shelf life refrigerated products. To do so, inactivation data were collected to determine the thermal resistance properties (D- and z-values) of non-proteolytic Clostridium botulinum Type E spores (reference strain NCTC 8266) then build and validate specific inactivation models for two plant-based products: Konjac-based Seafood Analogue (Product 1) and Canola-based Eggs Analogue (Product 2) with desired sensorial properties not compatible with the application of the classical heat treatment of 90 °C - 10 min.D-values were determined at five temperatures ranging from 78 °C to 86 °C for each matrix to build the model and additional data were collected at 75 °C and 80 °C to validate the model. Dref80°C-values were estimated at 1.90 and 0.80 min and z-values at 6.12 °C and 6.84 °C respectively for products 1 and 2. Simulations were performed to estimate the time required to reach the required Performance Objective (PO) of 6 log reductions to ensure food safety at different temperatures for each product. The targeted PO could be reached in both products with lower temperatures and shorter times compared to the safe harbor. Results showed that the inactivation of non-proteolytic C. botulinum Type E spores was faster in product 2 compared to product 1. The developed and validated models, together with the proposed methodology can be used to support food industries in collecting specific data to justify setting fit for purpose heat treatments ensuring food safety with regards to the control of non-proteolytic C. botulinum type E spores without compromising on the desired sensorial properties such as those required for some plant-based products.

Design and characterization of multicolor water-repellent coatings: Impact of alkyl chain length on surface properties

Fabrication of functional colored water-repellent surfaces is very important for many industrial applications. Here, various colorful surface coating materials having water repellent property, chemical, thermal and UV light resistance and self-cleaning property were prepared using activated halloysite nanotube loaded with dye (A-Hal/dye), different alkoxysilanes (methyltriethoxysilane (MTES), octyltriethoxysilane (OTES) and hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS)), and tetraethoxysilane and their coatings were performed on various substrates to determine the effect of alkyl chain length of alkoxysilane compound used in the coating formulation on the surface properties of colorful surfaces. Characterization studies of the synthesized surfaces or coated materials were performed using electron microscopy (TEM and SEM), SEM-mapping, FTIR, XRD, XPS and thermal gravimetic analysis techniques. Water contact angle (WCA) of glass surfaces coated with A-Hal/MB/MTES, A-Hal/MB/OTES and A-Hal/MB/HDTMS materials was found to be 148.0, 156.2 and 159.3°, respectively. The use of an alkoxysilane compound with long functional alkyl chain group in the coating formulation improved the water-repellent property of surface, while it slightly weakened the mechanical stability of the colorful surface. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coating, which were applied on colorful surfaces, improved the mechanical, thermal, chemical and environmental stability of coating, but decreased the water-repellent property of coated colorful surfaces. Fabricated coating materials having different colors were successfully used to coat various substrates such as glass, filter paper, wood, and cotton fabric. The results of this study show that A-Hal/dye/HDTMS coating materials prepared here are of a great potential in the fabrication of functional surface coatings.

Analytical Model for Heat Transfer Around Energy Piles in Layered Soil With Interfacial Thermal Resistance by Integral Transform Method

ABSTRACTEnergy piles are commonly deployed in vertically layered geological conditions due to the geological structure and pile foundation backfill. The imperfect contact between adjacent soil layers results in resistance to heat transfer at the interface, known as the interfacial thermal resistance effect. In this paper, the energy pile was simplified as a finite‐length solid cylindrical heat source, and an analytical model was established for layered heat transfer of energy piles considering the interfacial thermal resistance effect. The Laplace‐domain solutions to the temperatures in the layered ground were derived by using the finite Hankel and Laplace transforms. The Crump method was subsequently employed to numerically invert Laplace‐domain solutions to the time‐domain solutions. The proposed model was validated by comparing with an analytical solution of a homogeneous model and COMSOL numerical solution. These solutions were used to analyze the temperature response around energy piles considering interfacial thermal resistance. Finally, a parametric study was performed to explore the effects of interfacial thermal resistance and other thermal properties of the soil layer on the layered heat transfer of energy piles.

Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy vinyl ester nanocomposites through hybridization with functionalized graphene oxide and nanoglass flakes

This study presents the preparation of epoxy vinyl ester nanocomposites based on hybrid nanofillers, namely functionalized graphene oxide and nanoglass flakes, for outstanding mechanical, thermal, and water resistance properties. Significantly, these hybrid nanocomposites exhibited considerable improvement in tensile strength and modulus, about 39 % and 52 % greater than neat resin, respectively. DSC analysis has shown that Tg increased from 108 °C for the neat resin to 130.9 °C for the FGO/FNGF hybrid nanocomposite, which confirmed an improvement in thermal stability. Water absorption tests have shown a remarkable reduction of moisture intake. Saturation moisture content decreased from 1.35 % for the neat resin to 0.53 % for the hybrid nanocomposite due to the tortuous pathways created by the hybrid fillers. The rheological studies confirmed that better filler dispersion and interfacial bonding are achieved, which is a 34 % increase in the storage modulus with respect to neat resin. SEM studies showed homogeneous distribution of fillers with good filler-matrix adhesion in the case of the hybrid system. The studies thus confirm FGO and FNGF synergies in reinforcement of epoxy vinyl ester nanocomposites for high-performance applications in hostile environments.

Immobilization of Phospholipase D on Magnetic Graphene Oxide for Efficient Phosphatidylserine Production

Phosphatidylserine (PS) has significant applications in various sectors, such as the medical and food industries. However, its production relies heavily on phospholipase D (PLD), a crucial tool that is hindered by issues like poor stability and irrecoverability. Immobilization presents itself as an effective solution to overcome these limitations. In this study, magnetic graphene oxide (MGO) modified with an amino (NH2) group was synthesized and utilized for PLD immobilization. The activity of the immobilized PLD (MGO-PLD) reached 3062 U/gMGO, with a specific activity of 33.9 U/mgPLD, virtually identical to that of the free PLD. MGO-PLD was utilized to synthesize PS efficiently in a biphasic system. Under optimal conditions, the PS yield reached 18.66 g/L, with a conversion rate of 92.8% and a productivity of 3.11 g/L/h. Notably, MGO-PLD retained an impressive PS conversion rate of 77.4% even after seven repetitive usages. Moreover, MGO-PLD displayed enhanced thermal and pH resistance properties compared to free PLD, alongside augmented storage stability. After an 8-week preservation at 4 °C, its residual activity was maintained at 76.3%. This study provides a sustainable and highly efficient pathway for the biocatalytic synthesis of PS.