Thermal Regulation Performance Research Articles

Environmentally Friendly Waterproof and Breathable Nanofiber Membranes with Thermal Regulation Performance by One-Step Electrospinning

Environmentally Friendly Waterproof and Breathable Nanofiber Membranes with Thermal Regulation Performance by One-Step Electrospinning

Reversible thermochromic microencapsulated phase change materials for enhancing functionality of silicone rubber materials

The thermochromic phase change microcapsules (ETPCWs) are constructed by encapsulating ternary core composed of crystal violet lactone, bisphenol A and phase change wax into silica shell by in-situ condensation. It has good latent heat storage (∼130 J/g), high encapsulation efficiency (∼80%) and dual-output response (storage-release heat and thermochromic) produced by the solvent-modulated dissociation/aggregation mechanism. Upon heating, the ETPCWs exhibit light blue or even white, while return to dark blue when temperature decreases. Furthermore, thermochromic silicone rubber composites (TSRMs) are prepared by using ETPCWs as functional filler and silicone rubber as polymer matrix, which possess appropriate thermal regulation performance, improved thermal stability, favorable hydrophobicity, adjustable transparency and pleasurable mechanical properties. Especially, CIELAB color space values show that the TSRMs exhibit excellent thermochromic characteristics and outstanding recyclability. Therefore, this work provides a new idea for the development of functional phase change capsules, and the prepared thermochromic phase change microcapsule exhibits great application potential in security labels, intelligent electronic wearable devices as well as temperature sensors.

Enhanced thermal performance of Na2HPO4·12H2O composite phase change material supported by sepiolite fiber for floor radiant heating system

The application of phase change materials (PCMs) with latent heat storage characteristics in building system can coordinate the imbalance between energy supply and demand by absorbing excess heat, thereby achieving the overall energy consumption reduction. In this study, a novel kind of composite PCM (CPCM) composed of modified Na2HPO4·12H2O and sepiolite fiber (SEP) is developed. It is shown that adding 4 wt% of α-Al2O3 and 1.5 wt% of sodium alginate (SA) can reduce the supercooling degree of Na2HPO4·12H2O from 18.4 °C to 1.0 °C. The obtained PCM mixture is absorbed into SEP to fabricate form-stable composite PCM at a loading of 60 wt%, which has a melting temperature of 35.7 °C and a high latent heat of 127.8 kJ kg−1. The composite processes good thermal reliability and a moderate thermal conductivity of 1.069 W m−1 K−1. Furthermore, thermal performance of the CPCM is evaluated by combining a floor radiant heating system with CPCM layer in a small testing room. It is found that the average central temperature of the testing room with CPCM floor can be increased by 3.1 °C compared to that of the reference room. Besides, the thermal comfort time of indoor air temperature in CPCM room can be up to 252.5 min longer. The better thermal regulation performance of the CPCM floor is attributed to its suitable phase change temperature and high latent heat. The results indicate that the obtained CPCM can be employed into floor system for building energy conservation purpose.

ZnO‐Reinforced Thermal Regulating Microcapsules with Double‐Layer Shell via Atomic Layer Deposition

AbstractConventional plain organic or inorganic shell for microcapsules has their own drawbacks, the organic shell has defects in thermal conductivity and stability; while the compactness and coverage of inorganic shell are not satisfactory. Herein, a novel approach to synthesis of organic–inorganic composite double‐layer shell phase change microcapsule (DLSPCM) is proposed, which is achieved by forming inorganic outer shell on the surface of organic shell via atomic layer deposition (ALD). Taking the pristine microcapsule with paraffin core and melamine formaldehyde (MF) shell as an example, MF‐ZnO composite double‐layer shell (DLS) is formed in this paper. The melting enthalpy of DLSPCM obtained by 100 ALD cycles is 159.7 J g−1, which is only 12.1 J g−1 lower than that of paraffin @ MF microcapsules (control sample), while the thermal conductivity of DLSPCM surges by 77.8%, and the thermal energy storage ability and thermal regulation performance are basically maintained. After 900 thermal cycles, the heat storage capacity of DLSPCM obtained by 100 ALD cycles decreased by only 3%. Besides, the photocatalytic performance and antibacterial activity of ZnO‐reinforced DLSPCM are further confirmed. The successful design of DLSPCM via ALD is prospective for the encapsulation, modification, and reinforcement of phase change microcapsules.

Wire-sheet assembly construction of boron nitride/single-walled carbon nanotube shape-stabilized phase change composites for light-thermal energy conversion and storage

As one of the most abundant energy, solar energy has already drawn great attention both from academia and industry, but how to use it to the utmost extent is still a formidable challenge for the development of human. Phase change material (PCM) is proved to be one of the most promising technique for storing thermal energy. Herein, we designed and fabricated a three-dimensional (3D) phase change composite (PCC) with excellent light-to-thermal conversion by constructing one-dimensional (1D) linear single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), two-dimensional (2D) boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) into a 3D bulk structure. This structure supplies the prepared PCMs with high thermal conductivity, excellent solar-thermal conversion efficiency, and high energy storage density. Results showed that the PCCs displayed a well-defined 3D interconnected structure, and their melting and crystallization enthalpies were 156.36 J/g and 153.33 J/g, respectively, which changed only slightly after 110 thermal cycles. The thermal conductivity of the composites could reach 0.92 W∙m−1∙K−1, which effectively enhanced the thermal response rate. Beyond that, the PCCs exhibited good leakage-proof performance and excellent thermal regulation performance. And the light-to-thermal conversion efficiency of PCCs reached 97.15%. These results indicate that this strategy can be efficiently used to develop novel PCCs with improved comprehensive thermal performances and high light-to-thermal conversion.

Superhydrophobic Silica Aerogels and Their Layer-by-Layer Structure for Thermal Management in Harsh Cold and Hot Environments.

Personal thermal management (PTM) materials have recently received considerable attention to improve human body thermal comfort with potentially reduced energy consumption. Strategies include passive radiative cooling and warming. However, challenges remain for passive thermal regulation of one material or structure in both harsh hot and cold environments. In this work, silica aerogels derived from sodium silicate were prepared through a solvent-boiling strategy, where hydrophobization, solvent exchange, sodium purification, and ambient pressure drying (HSSA) proceeded successively and spontaneously in a one-pot process. This strategy leads to the synthesis of superhydrophobic silica aerogels with extremely low energy consumption without out the use of an ion-exchange resin or low surface tension solvents. Silica aerogels possess a high specific surface area (635 m2/g), high contact angle (153°), and low thermal conductivity (0.049 W/m K). A layer-by-layer (LBL) structure including the silica aerogel layer and an extra phase change material layer was designed. The structure demonstrates dual-functional thermal regulation performance in both harsh cold (-30 °C) and hot (70 °C) environments, where the time to reach equilibrium is postponed, and the inner temperature of the LBL structure can be kept above 20 °C in harsh cold environments (-30 °C) and below 31 °C in harsh hot environments (70 °C). A proof-of-concept experimental setup to simulate the illumination of sunlight also proved that the inside temperature of a model car protected by the LBL structure was below 28 °C, while the outside temperature was 70 °C. In addition, these results are well supported by theoretical COMSOL simulation results. The findings of this work not only provide an eco-friendly approach to synthesize silica aerogels but also demonstrate that the LBL structure is a robust dual-functional PTM system for thermal regulation in both harsh hot and cold environments.

Hygrothermal performance of hemp lime concrete embedded with phase change materials for buildings

The use of biobased materials in building construction allows the reduction of fossil resource use and energy consumption. Among biobased materials, hemp lime concrete has been investigated in many studies highlighting its capacity to regulate interior relative humidity and its high insulation capacity. In order to design high-performance biobased concretes, a new hemp lime concrete combining the hygric regulation capacity of hemp lime concrete with the thermal regulation performance of phase change material was developed. This article focuses on the thermal and hygric performance of the new hemp lime concretes incorporating micro-capsulated phase change material (PCM) (named HL-PCM). Three hemp lime concretes that differ from formulation were developed and investigated. The thermal properties, moisture buffer values and its impact on interior relative humidity variation have been presented. Thanks to experimental works and numerical simulations, the results obtained showed that the thermal conductivity remain low, the heat capacity and thermal inertia increase considerably for hemp concrete with PCM, while the moisture buffering capacity remains excellent. Finally, numerical results showed that the used of hemp lime concrete (with and without PCM) reduce indoor relative humidity variation and improve indoor hygrothermal comfort.

Mechanical and thermal performance assessment of paraffin/expanded vermiculite-diatomite composite phase change materials integrated mortar: Experimental and numerical approach

In this paper, the influence of paraffin/expanded vermiculite-diatomite form stable composite phase change materials (paraffin/EVC-D FSCPCM) on the strength and thermal properties of the mortar was studied through experiments and numerical simulations. The mechanical properties, thermal conductivity and thermoregulation performance of the paraffin/EVC-D FSCPCM integrated mortar were studied in detail. Meanwhile, the energy-saving effect of the paraffin/EVC-D FSCPCM integrated mortar in building was studied by numerical simulation. Thermal-cycling test results indicated a 10.9% leakage reduction of form stable composite phase change material with a diatomite coating. Strength test results showed the addition of diatomite increased the compressive strength of paraffin/EVC-D FSCPCM integrated mortar. The thermoregulation performance test showed the paraffin/EVC-D FSCPCM integrated mortar displayed good thermoregulation performance regardless of the testing conditions (lab-scale or actual environment). During laboratory-scale thermal regulation performance testing, when the volume replacement rate of paraffin/EVC-D FSCPCM to sand reaches 70%, the paraffin/EVC-D FSCPCM integrated mortar reduced the maximum temperature of the testing room by 3.1 °C; in an actual environment, it reduced the maximum temperature of the wall board by 2.68 °C. The simulation results showed that in summer, compared with cement mortar, the use of paraffin/EVC-D FSCPCM integrated mortar in the building could save 17.03% of energy consumption.

Structure effect of the envelope coupled with heat reflective coating and phase change material in lowering indoor temperature

The building envelopes that integrate heat reflective coatings (HRCs) and phase change materials (PCMs) can block solar radiation from outdoors and have a high thermal inertia, which helps lower the indoor temperature and save the cooling energy costs. However, an inappropriate combination of the two materials could lead to a worse cooling performance. This paper studies the cooling performance of a wall which is coated with the HRC, coupled with a cavity filling the PCM and insulation materials. This work intends to find out the optimal way of integrating the HRC and PCM together to improve the passive cooling performance of the envelope. The effects of the relative positions of HRC and PCM boards on the indoor temperature are studied by comparing 15 combinations of HRCs and PCMs. The results show that the HRC coated on the exterior surface of the wall can block the radiation heat more efficiently than that on the interior surface. An insulation layer between the HRC and PCM is essential to improve the thermal regulation performance of the wall. The insulation layer avoids the fast heat conduction through the PCM and decouples the roles of the HRC as a radiation reflector and the PCM as a thermal storage medium. The thermal conductivity of PCMs, the thickness of PCM layers as well as insulation air gap are also changed to investigate their influence on temperature fluctuations. The RT31/SiO2 (0.09 W/m K) can effectively reduce the indoor temperature by up to 3.6°C compared with the RT31/expanded graphite (EG) (1.25 W/m K). The optimum thickness of both PCM cavity and air cavity are no more than 8 mm. The work provide an insight into the optimal combination of the PCM and HRC in the building envelope for passive cooling.

Optimal design of multi-layer structure composite containing inorganic hydrated salt phase change materials and cement: Lab-scale tests for buildings

Phase change materials with an ability to store the renewable thermal energy find widespread applications as building materials and temperature control devices. In this study, a lightweight and energy-efficient temperature regulating material based on the sandwich structure of Na2SO4·10H2O, expanded vermiculite and magnesium oxychloride cement has been reported. The composite material responded in the range 20–40 °C and extended the heating and cooling period of the indoor temperature. The developed material exhibited an improved application performance as compared to the traditional heat preservation materials. Further, the supercooling of Na2SO4·10H2O/expanded vermiculite was determined to be 1.20 °C, along with shape stability. Different synthesis methods and phase change materials with cement were explored to minimize the degradation of the thermal regulation performance, and the sandwich structure was observed to exhibit the optimal performance. Owing to the low thermal conductivity of Na2SO4·10H2O/expanded vermiculite and magnesium oxychloride cement, the extended holding time of the indoor temperature was observed. The developed material exhibits significant potential for future applications as self-regulating materials and novel temperature control devices in which the optimal thermo-physical properties are desirable.

Thermally regulated cotton fabric coated with expanded graphite stabilized paraffin mixture as composite phase change material

PurposeThis study aims to manufacture cotton fabric with thermal regulation performance by using the composite phase change material (CPCM) prepared by coating paraffin doped with expanded graphite (EG), and the thermal effect of the fabric material was evaluated and characterized.Design/methodology/approachEG/paraffin CPCM with shape stability and enhanced thermal conductivity were prepared by the impregnation method and then finished on the surface of cotton fabric with coating technology. The microstructure, crystal structure, chemical composition, latent heat property and thermal conductivity were analyzed by scanning electron microscope, x-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimeter and thermal constant analyzer. The photo-thermal effect of the coated fabric was studied by a thermal infrared imager.FindingsCPCM prepared with a mass ratio of EG to paraffin of 1:8 showed excellent shape stability and low paraffin leakage rate. The latent heat of the CPCM was 51.6201 J/g and the thermal conductivity coefficient was increased by 11.4 times compared with the mixed paraffin. After the CPCM was coated on the surface of the cotton fabric, the light-to-heat conversion rate of the C-EG/PA3 sample was improved by 86.32% compared with the original fabric. In addition, the coated fabric showed excellent thermal stability and heat storage performance in the thermal cycling test.Research limitations/implicationsEG can improve the shape stability and thermal conductivity of paraffin but will reduce the latent heat energy.Practical implicationsThe method developed provided a simple and practical solution to improving the thermal regulation performance of fabrics.Originality/valueCombining paraffin wax with fabrics in a composite way is innovative and has certain applicability in improving the thermal properties of fabrics.

Thermal management performance and mechanical properties of a novel cementitious composite containing fly ash/lauric acid-myristic acid as form-stable phase change material

To enhance the thermal mass of buildings, form-stable fly ash/lauric acid-myristic acid eutectic mixture composites (FSC) were incorporated into the standard cement mortar to produce novel cement mortars with ability of heat charging/discharging properties. The chemical, crystalline and morphological properties of the produced FSC were examined by FTIR, XRD and SEM, respectively. Thermal properties were determined by DSC, TGA and thermal cycling test. FTIR results demonstrated that there was a good compatibility between FSC components and no chemical interaction was detected between them. DSC analysis revealed that the FSC had a melting and solidification temperature of 31.1 °C and 31.5 °C, respectively, and its melting and solidification enthalpy was 45.3 and 44.6 J/g, respectively. The 28-days compressive and flexural strength of the developed mortar were found as 28.94 MPa and 3.52 MPa, respectively. Thermal regulation performance test indicated that the average differences of the center temperatures between the standard cement mortar cell and the cement mortar cell containing FSC were 1.90 °C and 1.39 °C during heating and cooling stage, respectively. Consequently, the fabricated novel cement mortar produced with superior thermal and mechanical characteristics has a significant potential for the thermal regulation and energy conservation in buildings.

Multiple phase change-stimulated shape memory and self-healing epoxy composites with thermal regulation function

Form-stable phase change materials (FSPCMs) are widely used for cost-effective thermal management and energy storage applications. However, the strong rigidity of most FSPCMs at low temperatures and the weak resistance of them to damages when the temperature is exceeding their phase transition points have hindered their installations in limited places. Herein, we developed a novel kind of thermal regulation FSPCM possessing multiple phase change-stimulated shape memory and self-healing properties to address these issues. The synthesis of the FSPCMs is based on confining ethylene glycole distearate (EGDS) within the epoxy-based polymer matrix through photo-initiated polymerization. This strategy, on one hand, prevents the leakage of the liquid EGDS in macroscales, and on the other hand, maintains the mobility of the flowing EGDS in micro-scale regions to allow the FSPCM to perform shape deformation and recovery and enable self-repairing effects through solid-liquid phase transitions. Notably, the polymer matrix in the FSPCM consists of pre-grafted crystalline segments of stearic acid (SA) which improve the compatibility between the matrix and EGDS, and impart the FSPCM with multiple phase transitions to realize stepwise control of the shape memory behaviors. The resulting composite FSPCM also demonstrates good thermal regulation performance and high thermal reliability, which can be promisingly engineered into thermal management of integrated circuits and building glazing system with thermal regulation purpose.

Preparation of PMMA/SiO2 PCM microcapsules and its thermal regulation performance on denim fabric

PurposeThis study aims to evaluate the thermal performance of phase change materials (PCMs) microcapsules (MCs) attached using SiO2 microspheres and investigate the thermal regulation effect on the coated denim fabric.Design/methodology/approachThe PCM microcapsule was prepared by in situ polymerization using a mixture of solid paraffin and butyl stearate as core material (CM) and methyl methacrylate as a monomer. The SiO2 microparticles were attached to the outer layer of the membrane to enhance the thermal performance of MCs. The morphology, chemical structure, latent heat storage and thermal resistance of MCs were characterized. PCM MCs were coated on the denim fabric and thermo-gravimetric analysis was conducted; thermal insulation and thermal infrared imaging performance of the coated fabrics were also investigated.FindingsThe diameters of SiO2 particles and PCMs MCs were 300-500 nm and 1 μm, respectively. SiO2 was wrapped on single-wall PCMs MCs with the mass ratio of 1:5. With the addition of SiO2, the phase transition temperature range of MCs increased from 34°C to 39°C, and the endothermic and exothermic latent heat decreased by 5.35 J/g and 10.07 J/g, respectively. The degradation rate of MCs was significantly slowed down at high temperature. The denim fabric coated with MCs revealed thermal regulation property. After absorbing heat, the MCs slowed down the rate of heat loss and extended the heat release time.Research limitations/implicationsThe phase transition temperature of the composite CM was wide, and the latent heat storage was reduced. The addition of SiO2 particles can significantly slow down the rate of heat loss, but it further reduces the latent heat storage performance.Practical implicationsThe method developed provided a simple and practical solution to improve the thermal regulation performance of fabrics.Originality/valueThe method of adjusting the phase transition temperature range of the composite CM is novel and many applications could be found in preparation of PCMs and thermal management.

Analysis of thermal properties of gypsum materials incorporated with microencapsulated phase change materials based on silica

Microencapsulated phase change materials (MePCMs) were prepared in this study through sol-gel synthesis; these materials consisted of SiO2 as shell and paraffin as core materials, and were subsequently incorporated in gypsum. Further, this study examined the thermal regulation performance of gypsum materials. Fourier transform infrared spectra confirmed the encapsulation of the paraffin with SiO2 shell. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) results showed that the microcapsules obtained at a pH of 2.5 exhibit a regular spherical structure, excellent dispersibility, and compact surface structure. The MePCMs were found to reveal high thermal performance and encapsulation efficiency even in this synthetic condition. This is because the SiO2 shell with its high compactness imparts high thermal stability and a good anti-osmosis performance to the microcapsules. Further, gypsum materials achieved high mechanical strength, compactness, thermal conductivity, and a good thermal regulation performance with the weight ratio of MePCMs at 10 wt%. The results showed that the MePCMs in the gypsum matrix exhibited advantageous application prospects for the thermal regulation in buildings.

Experimental study on the thermal regulation performance of winter uniform used for high school students

To understand the effectiveness of some garment adjustment designs for high school uniform in winter, manikin tests and subjective wear trials were carried out. Five series of school uniform ensembles were involved in the experiments. They were further collocated into 17 ensemble configurations with detachable designs (ensembles A and B) and opening structures (ensembles C, D, and E). As manikin test results showed, the thermal insulation of ensembles A, B and C varied most significantly due to their adjustment design. The possible thermal insulation regulation levels were approximately 68% and 80% for ensembles A and B, and 60% and 90% for ensemble C. Two human trials that simulated students’ daily movements between indoor and outdoor classes were conducted with ensemble A. Two climate chambers were used at the same time for indoor and outdoor environment simulation. In Case X, where ensemble A was assumed to be non-detachable, skin temperatures that were 0.6℃ lower were finally observed compared to Case Y, where ensemble A was detachable. Moreover, significantly ( p < 0.1) better thermal comfort and thermal sensation evaluations were given during low-intensity activities in Case Y, especially for the torso segments. The detachable high school uniform design was finally proved to be efficient in improving human thermal comfort under various class environments. It was also concluded that more protective measures should be adopted for the hands and face in the school uniform design process.

Numerical study on effect of thermal regulation performance of winter uniform on thermal responses of high school student

The objective of the study was to numerically investigate the effect of thermal regulation performance provided by the winter school uniforms varying in wearing methods on thermal responses. A model of human thermal regulation was used to predict the human physiological responses while sedentary in an indoor environment and exercising in an outdoor environment, and further validated against measured data in human trials. TSENS and UCB comfort models were coupled to the thermal regulation model for predicting human thermal sensation. The predictions were then compared with the subjective responses to surveys. The results showed that the thermal regulation model coupled to UCB comfort model presented the potential for providing a means for reasonably accurate prediction of the thermal sensation in both indoor and outdoor environments. Based on the presented model, it was demonstrated that the difference of mean skin temperatures caused by the different wearing methods of school uniforms ranged from 1.26 to 1.99 °C. Thus, the designs on thermal regulation performance provided by the wearing methods of school uniform were extremely important for students to improve their thermal comfort while switching between the indoor and outdoor environments.

Lightweight, Mesoporous, and Highly Absorptive All-Nanofiber Aerogel for Efficient Solar Steam Generation.

The global fresh water shortage has driven enormous endeavors in seawater desalination and wastewater purification; among these, solar steam generation is effective in extracting fresh water by efficient utilization of naturally abundant solar energy. For solar steam generation, the primary focus is to design new materials that are biodegradable, sustainable, of low cost, and have high solar steam generation efficiency. Here, we designed a bilayer aerogel structure employing naturally abundant cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) as basic building blocks to achieve sustainability and biodegradability as well as employing a carbon nanotube (CNT) layer for efficient solar utilization with over 97.5% of light absorbance from 300 to 1200 nm wavelength. The ultralow density (0.0096 g/cm3) of the aerogel ensures that minimal material is required, reducing the production cost while at the same time satisfying the water transport and thermal-insulation requirements due to its highly porous structure (99.4% porosity). Owing to its rationally designed structure and thermal-regulation performance, the bilayer CNF-CNT aerogel exhibits a high solar-energy conversion efficiency of 76.3% and 1.11 kg m-2 h-1 at 1 kW m-2 (1 Sun) solar irradiation, comparable or even higher than most of the reported solar steam generation devices. Therefore, the all-nanofiber aerogel presents a new route for designing biodegradable, sustainable, and scalable solar steam generation devices with superb performance.

Preparation, characterization and thermal regulation performance of cement based-composite phase change material

Thermal behavior of a building mass can be enhanced using phase change materials (PCMs) as latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) materials. Such type thermal enhanced construction materials can be used for passive solar heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) purposes in building envelopes. This work was focused on development, characterization of LHTES properties and establishment of thermal performance of a cement-based composite PCM (Cb-CPCM) plaster for low-temperature LHTES targets in buildings. The eutectic mixture of capric acid(CA)-myristic acid(MA) was absorbed as 28wt% by cement through vacuum embedding method. The chemical structures and morphology cement/(CA-MA) composite and its pure components were investigated by FT-IR, XRD and SEM techniques. The LHTES characteristics of the produced Cb-CPCM were determined by DSC analysis. The DSC results indicated that the form-stable Cb-CPCM melted and solidified at 21.13 and 17.90°C and had corresponding LHTES capacities as 41.78 and 39.56J/g, respectively. The TGA results and cycling test revealed that the Cb-CPCM had high thermal resistance, long-term cycling chemical stability and reliability. Furthermore, two cubic test rooms were built with/without Cb-CPCM to compare thermo-regulating performance in laboratory-scale. The temperature difference between the indoor temperatures of the cubes was measured as averagely 0.78°C during heating period. All results exhibited that the prepared Cb-CPCM could be considered as a potential composite PCM for low-temperature HVAC intentions in buildings.

Enhancement of the Thermal Regulation Performance of a Curved PV Panel

The present paper aims at studying the use of a phase change materials linked to a curved photovoltaic (PV) panel to enhance its thermals regulations performances and to limit the temperature rise on its front surface. A two-dimensional implicit finite volume heat transfer model was used to solve an unsteady Navier–Stokes and energy equations with commercial code fluent 6.3.26. In order to improve the thermal performance of a curved PV panel, we varied the radius of curvature until the flat PV panel. For the validation, an isothermals contours and time evolution of the temperature are compared with data of the literature. Results show that the temperature of PV cells increase for the high curvatures but the lowest has no more influence on it and the adding of PCM behind the PV panel maintain its temperature.