Thermal Power Plant Units Research Articles

Use of Carbonate-Containing Industrial Waste for Treatment of Aqueous Solutions To Remove Nickel(II) Ions

The possibility of using a carbonate-containing industrial waste formed in water-treatment units of thermal power plants for treatment of aqueous solutions to remove nickel(II) ions was analyzed. The influence exerted by the time, temperature, and other factors on the degree of recovery of nickel(II) ions and sorbent expenditure was established. The possibility of separating nickel(II) and iron(III) ions simultaneously present in solution, using the waste under study, was demonstrated.

Short-term generation scheduling of thermal units with voltage security and environmental constraints

A dynamic and linear programming-based approach is investigated for the short-term scheduling of thermal power plant units considering the security and environmental constraints of electric power systems. In addition to the basic constraints (i.e. real power limits of the generators, real power demand, spinning reserve, minimum up and down lime of units) a comprehensive set of constraints is considered including: transmission line capacity limits; generators dynamic ramp rate; voltage security margin; and environmental issues. An optimal multiplier continuation method is adopted to effectively calculate the voltage security margin. The constraint relating to the voltage security margin is considered as a transition constraint in the dynamic programming process. The environmental issue is considered as a restriction on the hourly SO/sub 2/ emission allowances and other constraints are considered in the dynamic/linear programming procedures. Results of the application of the proposed algorithm to a test system are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the approach.

Analyzer of unburned coal-dust fuel in the boller units of thermal power plants

Analyzer of unburned coal-dust fuel in the boller units of thermal power plants

Neural-net based real-time economic dispatch for thermal power plants

This paper proposes the application of artificial neural networks to real-time optimal generation dispatch of thermal power plant units. The approach can take into account operational requirements and power network losses. The proposed economic dispatch uses an artificial neural network (ANN) for the generation of penalty factors, depending on the input generator powers and identified system load change. Then, a few additional iterations are performed within an iterative computation procedure for the solution of coordination equations, by using reference-bus penalty-factors derived from Newton-Raphson load flow. A coordination technique for environmental and economic dispatch of pure thermal power systems, based on neural net theory for simplified solution algorithms and an improved man-machine interface is introduced. Numerical results on two test examples show that the proposed algorithm can efficiently and accurately develop optimal and feasible generator output trajectories by applying neural net forecasts of power system load patterns.

What is expected of boiler feed pumps?

The largest boiler feed pump ever to have been built outside the USA has to be highly reliable; after all, the operation of the entire thermal power plant unit at Schwarze Pumpe (D) depends on it.

95/03522 Optimization of regimes of intracycle fuel gasification as applied to steam-gas energy units of thermal electric power plants

The effects of pre-oxidation of char from Taiheiyo coal, a non-caking bituminous coal, in the 400–550 °C temperature range on its gasification reactivity with N2-H2O at 0.1 MPa (steam partial pressure of 13.2 kPa) have been investigated. The pre-oxidation of char markedly enhances gasification rates at temperatures between 800 and 900 °C. Reactivity is found to parallel the burn-off level during preoxidation at low temperatures (400–430 °C), whereas at relatively high temperatures (480–550 °C), the burn-off level only affects the reactivity slightly. The amount of CO and CO2 evolved from the preoxidized char by heat treatment is proportional to the burn-off level at low temperatures (400–430 °C), being closely related to the enhancement of the gasification reactivity in steam.

Application of Optimal Multivariate Control with Process Computer in a Thermal Power Plant

A design and application of an optimal multivariable control concept for a boiler-turbine-system is described in this paper.Thereby the optimal control algorithm is computed by solving the algebraic matrix Riccati-equation for a 28th order process model with 6 input- and 8 output-variables. The command variables are fitted to the process in such a way that the controlled output variables will also reach the final steady state required without using integral control. Integral loops are only assigned additionally to avoid deviations from steady state caused by disturbances.The reconstruction of the non-measurable state-variables are done by complete Luenberger observer.The developed optimal control concept has been carried out with process computer directly at a thermal power plant unit. By using this concept the load changes can be three times or more greater than by using conventional control, which was applied before. This will be illustrated in the measuring curves.