Thermal Performance Index Research Articles

Maximizing the thermal performance index applying evolutionary multi-objective optimization approaches for double pipe heat exchanger

The thermal performance index (TPI) known as the efficiency parameter evaluates the highlight of the heat transfer for the same pumping power requirement. The optimum design of a heat exchanger with minimum pressure drops and efficient heat transfer is a big challenging task from an energy-saving point of view. One way to optimize this efficiency parameter is by changing the geometric parameters of the heat exchanger. For this purpose, the multi-objective reinforcement learner non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-RL) is employed maximizing TPI and Nusselt number and minimizing Fanning friction factor to the optimal design of a double pipe heat exchanger, with perforated baffles in the annulus side. Its performance is compared with a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm - version II (NSGA-II), and a chaotic non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (CNSGA). The calculations were carried out using the turbulent shear stress transport k-ω model. The multi-objective optimization techniques presented promising results in terms of the number of nondominated solutions, Euclidean distances to the origin point (reference point), and hypervolume indicators. However, in general, the results based on mean values indicate that the NSGA-RL outperforms the NSGA-II and CNSGA concerning the three performance indicators for the two double pipe heat exchanger evaluated cases. TPI increases 78% for case 1, and 108% for case 2 compared without baffles in a double pipe heat exchanger (DPHE). Numerical results revealed that DPHE employing internal perforated baffles improved heat transfer significantly with Nusselt number increased around 7.93–8.25 times and friction factor increased by 6.5–9.75 times compared with plain DPHE.

Numerical study on influence of water based hybrid nanofluid and porous media on heat transfer and pressure loss

The performance augmentation of the heat exchangers is a deal between heat transfer improvement and pressure loss penalty. There is no study investigating this deal as the thermal performance index of the heat exchangers filled by hybrid nanofluid and porous media. The thermophysical properties of TiO2–Al2O3/water are available in the literature, but no study is dedicated to evaluating the flow characteristics of such a hybrid nanofluid, especially in a porous material. This paper is intended to explore the heat transfer and pressure loss of a turbulent convective flow of hybrid nanofluid (TiO2–Al2O3/water) and porous media in a double-pipe heat exchanger with a counter flow. Hot water flows in an annular pipe to warm cold nanofluid flow in an inner pipe. The effect of two porous media is examined for inserting in the inner pipe. Hybrid nanofluid increases the heat transfer (maximum 6%) and pressure loss (maximum 11%). The thermal performance index of the hybrid nanofluid in the aluminum porous media is less than 0.6, while this for the copper media is more than 1. Correlations for the calculations of the Nusselt number and friction factor of the turbulent hybrid nanofluid flow in porous media are missing in the literature. So, for the first time, equations were proposed for finding the Nusselt number and friction factor of the hybrid nanofluid in both empty and porous pipes.

Numerical analysis on heat transfer enhancement of Al2O3 nanofluid in the flattened conically coiled tubes

AbstractEnhancement in the heat transfer of the working fluid flowing inside the tube is achieved by modification of tubes and changing the direction of fluid flow. For this purpose, the straight tube can be changed into a conical coil tube, thereby, heat transfer is increased due to the centrifugal effect caused by the curvature of the tube. Furthermore, the circular cross‐section of the tube is modified into an oblong shape for more heat transfer enhancement. In this study, the numerical heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of Al2O3–water nanofluids in the flattened conically coiled tube are studied. The effect of the aspect ratio, cone angle, coil pitch, and solid volume fraction of nanofluids on heat transfer and pressure drop are examined. It is found that the heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop increase with the rise of aspect ratio, Reynolds number, and solid volume fraction of nanofluid, while it decreases with the increment of cone angles and coil pitches of conical coil tube. Furthermore, the effect of aspect ratio on the heat transfer enhancement factor, pressure drop ratio, and thermal performance index for Al2O3–water nanofluid are presented.

Thermal performance of building prototype with different cool roof structures in composite climate

ABSTRACT In the domestic sector, buildings contribute to about 55% of the total energy consumption for space heating and cooling. In this study, an experiment was carried out using a square shape building prototype made up of laminated plywood with Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) roof. Surface treatment of four types of reflective paints was applied on the RCC roof slab. Their performance was monitored in the summer season (April and May). Based on the peak temperature of interior and exterior roof layers, several important parameters, such as temperature, indoor thermal amplitude, time lag, decrement factor, thermal damping, thermal performance index, peak degree hours and thermal performance of each roof slab, were analysed. The application of cool roofs (CR-1, CR-2, CR-3, and CR-4) shows a significant reduction in indoor temperature (2.1°C–3.2°C), and indoor thermal amplitude (16.10%–27.94%) compared to a standard RCC roof. The drops in peak temperature of exterior and interior roof layers were 4.8°C–6.8°C and 3.9°C–6.3°C, respectively. A significant improvement was achieved in time lag and decrement factor (3–4 h more than the reinforced concrete roof), with energy savings varying from 10.58% to 13.73%.

Performance and design optimization of different numbers and bolt torque for air-cooled open-cathode proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Air-cooled open-cathode polymer electrolyte fuel cells have attracted increasing attention in the field of portable energy equipment. This study explores the influence of the number of single cells, and bolt torque on stack performance based on the measurements of polarization curves, the single-cell voltage, and temperature distribution. The stack bolt torque and the number of single cells present a linear relationship and should be reasonably matched to improve the stack performance. Remarkably, the more cells, the greater bolt torque is required to achieve better stack performance. The results show that the optimal range of the number of single cells for the air-cooled open-cathode polymer electrolyte fuel cells is 20–25. When the cell number increases to 32–40, stack operating temperature exceeds the optimal range, thus reducing the output power and mass power density. A novel modularized design for the stack with the optimal number of single cells is firstly proposed which effectively improves the thermal management and power performance index of the stack. The work conducted could provide the reference and guidance for the stack design and accelerate the application of air-cooled open-cathode fuel cells.

Thermal management of Electronics: Numerical investigation of triangular finned heat sink

The micro pin fin heat sink is an innovative method to enhance heat dissipation from the electronic system. The various geometrical configuration of the triangular micro pin fin heat sink (TMPFHS) for the fluid and heat transfer characteristics is numerically investigated in the present work. Finally, the best configuration is proposed. Three different configurations of triangular pin fin have been considered (i) uniformly varying the fin height ranging 0.25 mm-0.75 mm. (ii) Orientation of fin both in the clockwise and counter-clockwise direction (30°, 40°, 50o, and 60°) (iii) Change in the direction of fins facing upstream fluid from forward triangular to backward triangular between two successive rows and vice versa. A 3-Dimensional numerical simulation is carried out for a triangular finned heat sink arranged staggered manner subjected to 10 W/cm2. A single-phase laminar flow is considered for Reynolds numbers ranging from 100 to 900 using coolant water. Results reveal that the heat dissipation rate for all the configurations increases substantially with the rise in pressure drop. A Non-dimensional parameter thermal performance index (TPI) is employed to access the superior heat sink in maximum dissipation and minimum pressure drop. The TPI with alternate forward and backward arrangement outperforms all other configurations of the range 1.01–1.44.

Synthesis of Precisely Structured Olefin Copolymers by Phenylseleno Oxidation Elimination

AbstractSelenium‐containing polymers have attracted considerable attention due to their unique redox responsiveness. Here, phenyl vinyl selenide (PVSe), as a functional selenium‐containing monomer, is polymerized with maleimide (MI) or its derivatives by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. The resulting polymers are characterized by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, which particularly prove the obtaining of alternating polymers through the polymerization of PVSe and MI or its derivatives. Properties of the resulting polymers are systematically investigated, such as glass transition temperature, thermal performance, and refractive indices. What's more, based on phenylseleno oxidation elimination, the alternating polymers are oxidized through 30% H2O2 to form precisely structured olefin copolymers with carboncarbon (CC) double bonds. The selective generation of double bonds in the alternating polymers is systematically studied. The efficiency of such oxidation is very high under mild conditions due to low electronegativity and bond energy of carbonselenium (CSe) bond, which provides a novel method to prepare precisely structured olefin copolymers with MI or its derivatives.

A holistic approach to thermal-hydraulic design of 3D manifold microchannel heat sinks for energy-efficient cooling

Manifold microchannel heat sinks (MMCHSs) have attracted attention for the thermal management of high-performance electronics owing to their high heat dissipation rate and low pressure drop compared to conventional microchannels. This study used a full 3D conjugated simulation to analyze the effects of changes in the geometry and operating environment on the thermal and hydraulic performance of MMCHS. The findings provide a holistic view of MMCHS design for performance improvement. Twelve manifold geometries were designed by changing the direction and width of the manifold outlet in each case. Using water as the working fluid, we evaluated each manifold's thermal and hydraulic performance in the flow rate range of 100–500 g/min, and compared their thermal resistances per unit pumping power to determine the most efficient manifold structure for each operating environment. Compared to a conventional microchannel, the MMCHS reduced the thermal resistance by up to 47% and the pressure dropped by up to 90%, depending on the geometry. The thermal performance index (TPI), which relates thermal performance to pressure drop, was improved by 139% in the current MMCHS design over the TPI of a conventional microchannel. This sizeable improvement resulted from the excellent temperature uniformity and shortened the fluid flow path in the microchannel.

Optimization of thermal efficiency on solar parabolic collectors using phase change materials - experimental and numerical study.

Solar energy is a one-of-a-kind renewable energy source that has many uses, and in the thermal applications, it is receiving more attention and is becoming more feasible. The present work presents numerical and experimental studies to investigate the performance of a parabolic trough solar concentrator (PTC) integrated with a thermal energy storage system. A new receiver design is built that stores thermal energy using phase change material (PCM). A concentric absorber tube with two different kinds of PCM - MgCl2·6H2O and erythritol (filling the annular-space of absorber tube) - were used to construct a PTC, and its thermal performance and thermal efficiency were investigated under two different HTF flow rates of 0.005 kg/s and 0.033 kg/s. Solar energy is transformed into heat, which is then used to store in the PCM before being discharged to cold water, which is the final heat transfer fluid in the receiver's inner pipe. The simultaneous studies of the PTC with and without PCM are investigated. A commercial Mat Lab's operating model through an imperialist competitive algorithm of the entire PTC system is presented, and the numerical results were compared to the experimental results, which were carried out with and without PCM in PTC. With the PCM in PTC (0.005 kg/s and 0.033kg/s), the HTF exhibited gain in peak temperatures of 11°C (erythritol) and 9°C (MgCl2·6H2O) at 0.05 kg/s, whereas the peak temperatures further increase to 14°C (erythritol) and 12°C (MgCl2·6H2O) respectively at 0.033 kg/s, as compared to HTF without PCM. Average thermal efficiency of PTC with HTF flow rate of 0.033 kg/s was highest with usage of erythritol (40.6%), among all the cases. The experimental and predicted thermal efficiency performance indices for different flow rates and PCM are found to be with a deviation of around ± 1.9%, demonstrating the accuracy of the developed numerical model.

Thermal analysis of macro-encapsulated phase change material coupled with domestic gas heater for building heating

Rising concerns of environmental degradation and energy security particularly in developing countries like Pakistan has exhilarated the need for energy storage systems for efficient source utilization. Phase Change Material (PCM) based Thermal Energy Storage (TES) systems are used with air conditioning systems for thermal load management in buildings. The TES system discussed in this paper consists of a macro-encapsulated PCM Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MCHH) in aluminum cylinders. The system is integrated with a domestic gas heater to capture extra energy dissipated by the gas heater, used to raise the room temperature to the thermal comfort level. A numerical model is developed in MATLAB based on the enthalpy method for the performance analysis and investigating the phase transition phenomenon of MCHH, followed by experimental validation. Different thermal performance indices of TES are investigated such as liquid fraction, energy, and exergy stored during the charging/discharging process. The model has predicted 42 kJ and 9 kJ of energy and exergy stored, respectively during the charging cycle, while experimentations showed 39.6 kJ and 6 kJ energy and exergy stored in the material, respectively. The deviation of 15% in energy and 33.33% in exergy from experimental results indicated that the actual phase transition is non-isothermal and the mathematical model does not include the factor to accommodate the actual melting phenomenon with changing thermophysical properties of PCM. This performance analysis is significant to design and optimize the PCM-based TES coupled with conventional heating sources.

Garlic dehydration inside heat exchanger-evacuated tube assisted drying system: Thermal performance, drying kinetic and color index

An experimental investigation was done on an advanced evacuated tube-assisted solar drying system without and with load conditions at various water flow rates (10 L/h, 20 L/h, and 30 L/h) to evaluate its performance analysis. 79.56 °C maximum greenhouse air temperature was recorded without load at 30 L/h water flow rate with an average solar intensity of 850 W/m2. Highest value of drying rate (DR) is 1.48 kgH2O/kg dry solid/h and the maximum efficiency of solar collector (SC) and solar dryer (SD) is 43.62% and 55.28%, respectively, at 30 L/h water flow rate. Garlic was dehydrating from 70% to 8% (wb) moisture content (MC). The maximum exergy efficiency (EE) and minimum exergy loss were 57.64% at 30 L/h water flow rate and 4.58 W at 10 L/h water flow rate. Quality assessment is also carried out for dried garlic samples in the heat exchanger –evacuated tube assisted drying system (HE-ETADS). Color conservation (indices) of dehydrated garlic sample is best in HE-ETADS (Lo = 60.42, ao = −0.92, and bo = 11.54) in comparison to old-style (traditional) drying process (Lo = 58.89, ao = - 0.67, and bo = 5.99). Therefore, the developed drying system represented not only good financial returns but also better product quality. The present system provides interesting options for the entry of this type of collectors in medium-scale applications in the agricultural and industrial sectors.

Dynamic Evaluation of the Effects of Climate Change on the Energy Renovation of a School in a Mediterranean Climate

This paper addresses the effects of long-term climate change on retrofit actions on a school building located in a Mediterranean climate. Dynamic energy simulations were performed using Termolog EpiX 11, first with conventional climate data and then with future year climate data exported from the CCWorldWeatherGen computational software. To date, many incentive actions are promoted for school renovations, but are these measures effective in preventing the discomfort that will be found due to overheating generated by climate change? Today, one of the main objectives in retrofit measures is the achievement of ZEB (Zero Energy Building) performance. Achieving this target requires first and foremost a high-performance envelope. This study evaluates the impact of retrofit strategies mostly applied to the school building envelope, over the years, considering three different time horizons, until 2080. Thermal performance indices and indoor operative temperature under free-floating were evaluated. The results highlight that, with a changing climate, it is no longer possible to assume a constant static condition to evaluate retrofit actions, but it is necessary to develop a predictive mathematical model that considers the design variability for future years. There is an urgent necessity to ensure both the safety and comfort of buildings while also anticipating future variations in climate.

Assessing the real-time thermal performance of reinforced cement concrete roof during summer- a study in the warm humid climate of Kerala

Understanding the real-time thermal behaviour of the building envelope is essential to provide comfortable indoor conditions and to develop energy efficient building components. Monitored performance of sloping Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) roofs and roof coverings, which is a widely found roofing typology in warm humid climate, are rarely found in published literature. This paper is based on a comparative study of the real-time thermal performance of different types of RCC sloping roofs – exposed, covered using Mangalore pattern tiles, ceramic tiles, concrete tiles, and shingles sheet. Field studies are conducted in naturally ventilated residential buildings with these roof variants, from warm humid climate during summer. The methodology includes (i) Theoretical study to identify significant thermal performance parameters, (ii) Field studies and testing, and (iii) Comparative analysis of case studies. Theoretical study resulted in the identification of simple empirical indices that can express the dynamic thermal behaviour of roof components; they are decrement factor, time lag, thermal performance index, and adaptive thermal comfort index. Field studies show that elevated ceiling temperature and indoor air temperature persists in all the roof types, deeming these roof-covering techniques as inefficient to provide acceptable thermal comfort conditions during summer in a warm humid climate. Among the roof variants, Mangalore pattern tiles exhibited better thermal performance due to their low conductivity, diffusivity, and slightly corrugated profile. The research also provides useful field data as an add-on to the existing knowledge, to aid energy-efficient building design and performance study of roofing materials.

Evaluating the thermal performance index for future architectures in China’s hot summer and cool winter regions

In the face of resource shortages and energy crises, green environmental protection has become a vital and central focus for human sustainable development, leading a booming area of architectural development of energy efficiency and comfort. As a result, a new method named Envelope Thermal Performance Index (ETPI) was proposed to evaluate overall thermal performance of residential building envelope. The energy consumption of building envelope by unit volume was taken into account in this method, including cooling, heating and annual period. The influences of heat transfer through external building envelope, heat gain from solar radiation and heat loss by infiltration were considered comprehensively in the ETPI. The energy consumption simulation software eQUEST was used to calculate the ETPI parameters. An ETPI calculation formula for four cities (Shanghai, Nanjing, Shaoguan, and Zunyi) was obtained by simulation results and influence factors. The correlations between ETPI and energy consumption were gained considering geographical factors. The influence of airtightness of building envelope was considered and the problem of different orientations in the parameter calculation were solved in the ETPI method to make ETPI better reflect the thermal insulation of building envelopes. Thus, the ETPI method can calculate the energy consumption of each part of building envelope and estimate energy consumption of air conditioning.

Numerical Analysis of Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop in Helically Micro-Finned Tubes

In this study, the pressure drop and heat transfer characteristics of smooth tube and internal helically micro-finned tubes with two different fin-to-fin height ratios i.e., equal fin height and alternating fin height, are computationally analysed. The tube with alternating fin height is analysed for proof of concept of pressure drop reduction. A single phase steady turbulent flow model is used with a Reynolds number ranging from 12,000 to 54,000. Water is used as working fluid with inlet temperature of 55 °C and constant wall temperature of 20 °C is applied. Friction factor, heat transfer coefficient, Nusselt number, and Thermal Performance Index are evaluated and analysed. The numerical results are validated by comparison with the experimental and numerical data from literature. The results showed that the thermal performance is enhanced due to helically finned tube for a range of Reynolds numbers, but at the expense of increased pressure drop as compared to a smooth tube. The helically finned tube with alternating fin heights showed a 5% decrease in friction factor and <1% decrease in heat transfer coefficient when compared with the equal fin heights tube, making it a suitable choice for heat transfer applications.

Experimental investigation of the subcooled flow boiling heat transfer of water and nanofluids in a horizontal metal foam tube

The present article experimentally explored heat transfer through a horizontal metal foam tube with a constant wall heat flux during the subcooled flow boiling of water, Al2O3/H2O, and CuO/H2O nanofluids. To investigate the effect of using metallic foam on the subcooled flow boiling heat transfer, the results have been compared with a simple tube. Besides, The impacts of significant parameters, including subcooled inlet temperature (25–60 °C), mass flux (150–310 kg m−2 s−1), wall heat flux (100–230 kW m−2), particle type (CuO and Al2O3), and nanofluids concentration (0.5% wt., 1% wt.) were investigated on the transfer of boiling heat while measuring pressure loss and rate of heat transfer. The results show that the use of metal foam increases the heat transfer rate by 3.5–5.8 times compared to the simple tube. Comparing the subcooled flow boiling heat transfer of water and nanofluids in both metal foam and simple tubes, it was found that water has superiority over the nanofluids. Besides, the value of the thermal performance index defined as a ratio of the heat transfer enhancement to the pressure loss degradation is more than one for water and the nanofluids.

Thermal management and performance enhancement of data centers architectures using aligned/staggered in-row cooling arrangements

This research investigates the effects of using aligned/staggered arrangements of cooling units and top aisles containments on the performance of in-rows cooling architectures of data centers. Four different configurations of cooling architectures are numerically set up inside identical data centers of aligned/staggered cooling-units arrangements and with/without top aisles containments. ANSYS IcePak CFD software is used to build models for the four configurations. A scaled physical module of the data center is experimentally constructed and tested for model validation. Air streamlines, velocity vectors and temperature distributions in addition to two-thermal perfromance indices (SHI and IOM) and two-energy efficiency metrics (β and ηr) are used to evaluate and compare thermal environmental and energy efficiency performances of the different configurations. Results show that (i) aligned arrangement has better thermal and energy efficiency performance, (ii) thermal perfromance and energy efficiency indices of intermediate racks of the racks array are better than those of end racks, especially in the staggered arrangements, (iii) thermal environment problem of end racks can be solved by starting and ending racks row by CRAC units, and (iv) using top aisles containment improves the thermal and energy efficiency perfromance indices of data centers racks, especially for intermediate racks.

Numerical investigation of optimal wall materials for effective thermal performance in warm and hot climatic regions

Purpose Heat gain in buildings occurs due to heat transfer through the building fabric or envelope, especially the walls and roof. The purpose of this paper is to identify and recommend the suitable wall materials for better thermal performance in buildings in warm and hot climatic zones of India. As India lies between the tropic of cancer and the equator, the solar radiation from the sun falls more on the walls than the roofs of the buildings. Thus, it is imperative to protect the walls from heat gain to promote thermal comfort in naturally ventilated buildings and reduce the energy loads due to artificial cooling systems in air-conditioned buildings. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, an investigation of heat flow characteristics in steady-state and the transient state for five different uninsulated wall structures using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software has been carried out. The climate conditions at Madurai, India have been considered for this study. Findings The findings of the study revealed that aerated autoclaved concrete (AAC) and hollow clay blocks (HCB) for external walls in naturally ventilated buildings in warm climatic regions could improve the building’s thermal performance index and reduce peak indoor operative temperature by about 6°C–7°C. The results of steady-state and transient state analysis were found to be in good agreement with the results of the reviewed literature. Research limitations/implications Over the past few decades, only very few architects and builders have been successful in influencing their clients to accept alternate materials such as AAC blocks, HCB, stabilized earth blocks, adobe blocks, fly-ash bricks as an alternate to conventional bricks in an attempt of highlighting their benefits, such as; materials that are easily available, more energy-efficient, can withstand the extreme weather conditions, promote thermal comfort and cost-effective. This paper provides strong evidence that AAC and HCB blocks are the most appropriate materials for improving the thermal performance of envelope walls in regions where the outdoor temperatures are above 40°C. Originality/value This paper has made an attempt to identify the appropriate wall materials for effective thermal performance in warm and hot climates. A comparative analysis between five different wall types under the existing solar conditions has been analyzed using CFD simulation study in steady-state and transient conditions under summer conditions and the appropriate wall materials have been suggested. There has been no attempt carried out so far to analyze the thermal performance of different walls using 24 h transient approach in CFD.

Experimental investigation into a parabolic solar collector with direct flow evacuated tube

Solar energy is among the cleanest and most adaptable in comparison with other renewable energy sources. Considering the request for long-term using of solar collectors, developing and enhancing the performance of these systems has become one of the main subjects. Parabolic trough solar collector (PTSC) is one of the best usual solar collectors. improving the thermal performance of PTSC concentrates several attention and different approaches are evaluated to maximize the collector thermal efficiency with a reasonable penalty in the pressure drop and energy losses. For this reason, the use of different nanofluids as working fluids, as well as the use of various absorbers (receivers) are the major challenges and techniques which are examined. Therefore, in this study, a novel parabolic trough solar collector (PTSC) using U type tube is designed and manufactured. To increase the operational temperature, evacuated tube is used and performance of the mentioned system is experimentally examined using both distilled water and CuO nanofluid as working fluids. It should be noted that, CuO is selected as nanoparticle and water as base fluid. CuO/nanofluid. Absorption spectrum results of CuO/nanofluid at different resting times by using Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy examined. Experimental results for the changes in three important parameters including, performance index (PI), thermal efficiency as well as pressure drop are obtained for different mass flow rates including, 1, 3 and 5 L/min and also three particle volumetric concentrations including 0.01%, 0.05% and 0.08%. The results showed that, thermal efficiency, pressure drop and PI is mostly affected and increased by mass flow rate and nanofluid volume fraction. In addition, based on the experimental results, maximum thermal efficiency and performance index are obtained respectively 71% and 1.74, corresponding in the case of nanofluid with 0.08% volume fraction and mass flow rate of 5 L/min.

Heat transfer enhancement in a heated tube using tri-partition flow splitters

Intensification of heat transfer is one of the prime targets of many researchers around the globe considering the energy requirement and its application in the various thermal engineering sectors. The main objective of paper is to enhance the heat transfer in a heated tube carrying air using a novel tri-partition flow splitter. A numerical analysis has been performed for forced convection with a 5000 to 15,000 range of Reynolds number and constant heat input. The orientation effect using changing the angle between the splitters has been investigated. Friction factor and the Nusselt number were used for the analysis of the thermal performance, while a non-dimensional parameter thermal performance index was defined and calculated for analyzing the overall performance of the system. A finite volume based computational fluid dynamics technique has been employed for the analysis. An ANSYS Fluent software has been used to develop 3-dimensional computational model and numerical analysis. A lab scale experimental setup has been developed and results were used for the validation of the numerical model. The results of experimental setup also been validated with standard correlations found in literature. The Numerical results from the study found promising values with the experimental results. A 180° alternate orientations of splitters was found better than the conventional type of orientations (0°). The results show a novel tri-partition flow splitter helps to create turbulence in the fluid flow along with better conduction effect from splitters and enhances the heat transfer.