Thermal Imaging Tests Research Articles

Novel amphipathic photoinitiating systems utilizing ethyl violet for acrylate and thiol-based click photopolymerization under 630 nm and 450 nm LED

We conducted the first-ever investigation on the use of amphipathic triphenylmethane dyes ethyl violet (EV), in combination with iodonium salts (Iod) and sodium tetraphenylborate (STPB), as novel visible light photoinitiating systems (PISs), for initiating oil-based photopolymerization of acrylate and thiol-ene, as well as water-based photopolymerization, under 630 nm and 450 nm light-emitting diodes (LED) irradiation. The polymerization kinetics verified the efficient initiation of the EV/STPB/Iod system under two light sources. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal imaging tests further confirmed the crucial role of light in the polymerization process. The potential photolysis mechanism of these systems containing EV was explored through steady-state photolysis, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and electron spin resonance (ESR). This research not only offers a viable approach for developing PISs used for LED photopolymerization technology but also contributes to the development of water-based photopolymerization.

Development of an Approach for Monitoring Intermediate Level Nuclear Waste Using Thermal Imaging and Gamma Testing of Thermal Imager

Development of an Approach for Monitoring Intermediate Level Nuclear Waste Using Thermal Imaging and Gamma Testing of Thermal Imager

Large-aperture imaging system based on 100 mm all-Si metalens in long-wave infrared

Metalens, which composed of micro-nano structures at sub-wavelength scale, possessing the ability to achieve the functions of traditional lens elements, paving the way for the development of lightweight and integrated imaging systems. Nowadays, the majority of research efforts in the field of metalens have been concentrated on the exploitation of short optical wavelength band with tiny apertures. Here, we have directed our focus towards the long-wave infrared (LWIR) band, which holds significant importance for crucial applications like infrared imaging and detection. We have prepared a metalens with a remarkable aperture of 100 mm and a high numerical aperture of 0.89 at an operating wavelength of 9.35 μm, which is currently the largest reported aperture in LWIR with high light harvesting capability. And the imaging performance was verified by demonstrating the imaging results of the metalens on targets with different temperatures through thermal imaging tests.

Methods of determining internal damage in power transformers

Due to the variety of defects that arise in electrical machines, it is necessary to use more effective methods for monitoring their condition. All over the world research and development of new means and methods for monitoring powerful electrical machines during their operation is underway. Some examples of recent advances are vibration diagnostic methods for assessing the compaction of components inside a transformer, acoustic and electrical systems for monitoring partial discharges, data processing using digital methods, and new sensors for continuous monitoring of gases and moisture in oil, as well as hot spot temperatures. Additionally, thermal imaging testing of power equipment is also an important tool to ensure reliable operation. It is believed that the most effective method is gas chromatographic oil analysis, which can identify most defects in oil-filled equipment. During the operation of powerful electrical machines, the use of existing non-destructive testing methods does not allow a complete assessment of the condition of the main parts of the equipment, as an analysis of damage locations shows, 25% are damage to the core and windings. Effective monitoring of the condition and determination of the performance of transformers is of particular importance, since they are key elements in the operation of nuclear power plants. The paper considers the possibility of using the eddy current testing method; determining a defect in magnetic core steel is based on fixing the unevenness of the magnetic field on the horizontal or vertical planes of a yoke or rod consisting of electrical steel plates. Monitoring and evaluating the functioning of existing equipment, detecting deficiencies in the early stages of their development, when repair costs are still minimal, and preventing emergency failures become a priority. In accordance with the growth rate of detected deficiencies, monitoring is carried out from time to time or continuously, the maximum number of monitored characteristics is achieved when the transformer is fully tested to determine its functionality.

The testing and optimization of a bio-inspired textured piston for the BW-250 mud pump

To reduce the friction, wear, and temperature of the piston-cylinder liner friction pair, we designed and processed 27 kinds of bio-inspired textured pistons with cylindrical pits. Based on the experimental optimization design method, friction test, wear test, and thermal imaging test were carried out. Results show that the textured pistons can significantly reduce the friction. Various texture parameters have different effects on the mean friction force. The wear of the textured pistons is significantly less than that of the standard piston. The influence of the texture parameters on piston wear are analyzed through range analysis, regression equation, and 3D response surface method. The standard piston suffers from serious wear and tear. The cylindrical pit texture can supply lubrication and store abrasive particles, which can improve the wear condition of the textured piston surface to a certain extent. The friction heat of the textured pistons is small, which can reduce the average temperature of the friction pair.

A Breathable, Reliable, and Flexible Siloxene Incorporated Porous SEBS‐Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Human–Machine Interactions

AbstractThe breathability of wearable sensors is of utmost necessity as it facilitates heat dissipation and sweat evaporation from the skin–sensor interface for improving the user's comfort and minimizing the inflammation risk. In this work, a Siloxene/porous styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene (SEBS)‐based breathable triboelectric sensor is newly designed and fabricated for increasing user comfort and reliability. The reliability of the fabricated sensor is evaluated by measuring the heat dissipation through the skin–sensor interface using a thermal IR imaging test. Similarly, the sensor's breathability is quantified through a water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) test, where the achieved breathability of 5.88 mg cm−2 h−1 is sufficient for sweat evaporation, as an average person loses 1.2–4.2 mg cm−2 h−1 of sweat. Furthermore, a porous, metal‐free, hybridized nanoporous carbon (H‐NPC)/laser‐induced graphene (LIG) is utilized as a charge‐collecting electrode, which is transferred and conformally attached to the Siloxene/SEBS substrate. This results in a reduction in the interfacial resistance and an improvement in bonding between the dielectric and electrode layers. With a pressure sensitivity of 0.75 VkPa−1, the fabricated sensor demonstrates successful application in gesture recognition. Thus, this research showcases the considerable potential for developing triboelectric naongenerators (TENGs) with breathable and reliable features and underscores their broad applicability in human–machine interfaces and soft robotics systems.

Investigation on alkali-activated insulation mortar containing high-volume recycled concrete powder for energy-efficient buildings

The influence of recycled concrete powder (RCP) on the thermal insulation of alkali-activated materials remains unclear. Hence, this study develops an innovative alkali-activated insulation mortar, serving RCP and blast furnace slag as the precursor and expanded polystyrene (EPS) beads as fine aggregate, together with air entrainer. Experimental results show that the mortar had satisfactory workability owing to the RCP substitution, supported by appearance and infrared thermal imaging tests. As the ratio increased, the density, compressive strength, and thermal conductivity of the mortar decreased, due to the increasing volume of porous paste and internal air voids. Subsequently, the material design of the mortar was optimized through the adjusted Box-Behnken design. The obtained mortar achieved a high-volume use (61.7 wt%) of RCP, and exhibited an extremely low conductivity (∼0.030 W/(m∙K)) among novel lightweight building materials. Energy simulation further indicates that the optimized mortar can surpass traditional insulation materials, including EPS, polyurethane, and rock wool panels, in reducing air conditioning energy consumption across all seasons and climate zones. This was particularly evident in colder cities such as Harbin and Lhasa. Given that increasing the thermal resistance of the envelope can effectively reduce building energy consumption, the development of such sustainable alkali-activated insulation mortar would undoubtedly contribute to the implementation of energy-efficient buildings.

Laser Therapy in Comprehensive Treatment of Patients with Lymphedema of Lower Limbs

INTRODUCTION: Methods of physiotherapy using intravenous laser irradiation of blood (ILIB) that affects various pathogenetic factors of lymphedema, permits to achieve the required therapeutic effect and shows its promising perspectives.
 AIM: Evaluation of the effectiveness of ILIB to reduce the lymphedema volume in the lower limbs.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 2020–2022, a comprehensive conservative treatment including compression therapy, pharmacotherapy and ILIB, was conducted in 60 patients of the mean age 45.3 ± 1.6 years with I–III stage lymphedema. Group 1 included patients with primary (n = 8) and group 2 (n = 52) with secondary lymphedema of the lower limbs. Laser radiation at 632 nm wavelength was used with standardized parameters: power 3 to 15 mW, pulse rate 80 to 2,000 Hz, exposure time 5 to 15 min, with a course (up to 10 sessions), daily, or interval (every 2nd day) load. Lymph outflow, microcirculation, soft tissues of the affected limb were evaluated using electrocoagulography, ultrasound examination of inguinal lymph nodes and soft tissues, triplex scanning, thermal imaging and McClure-Aldrich test.
 RESULTS: At the end of the treatment course, a reduction of the limb perimeter at the level of the middle third of the lower leg by 14.8 ± 0.7% was noted (from 48.7 ± 5.3 cm to 41.4 ± 0.9 cm). After 4 sessions and a treatment course, electrocoagulography revealed hypocoagulation with the formation of a loose clot with early retraction. Spearman test showed a direct relationship between changes in the fibrinolytic activity of blood and the perimeter of the lower leg in patients of group 2 with I–II stage of the disease (p 0.005). Thermography of the lower limbs showed increased IR radiation with a statistically significant increase (p 0.001) in the area of hyperthermia in the distal parts of the lower legs and the inner surface of the thighs. The results of McClure-Aldrich test showed a statistically significant slowdown of a skin papule resolution in the distal part of the lower legs from 27.13 ± 2.77 min to 35.72 ± 3.11 min (р 0.05) after ILIB in I stage of the disease.
 CONCLUSION: ILIB affects the internal factors of lymph outflow and contributes to its optimization in the comprehensive treatment of patients in the initial stage of secondary lymphedema of the lower limbs.

Inspired by Earthworms and Leeches: The Effects of Cylindrical Pit Arrays on the Performance of Piston-Cylinder Liner Friction Pairs

To improve the friction and wear performance of the piston-cylinder liner friction pair, inspired by earthworms and leeches, 27 kinds of pistons with cylindrical pit arrays are designed and processed. Through a friction test, four superior textured pistons are optimized, and wear, life and thermal imaging tests are performed. Finite element analysis of the friction pair model is performed, and the friction and wear mechanisms are discussed. The results show that the pistons with cylindrical pit arrays have excellent friction and wear performance, less heat generation by friction, longer lives and less scratches on the cylinder liner. The temperature of the optimized textured pistons was reduced by around 5–10 °C. The wear amount of some textured pistons was reduced by over 50%, resulting in an improvement in their lifespan of at least 30% or more. The results of the finite element analysis indicate that the textured piston exhibited reduced deformation and favorable stress–strain distribution and satisfied the required contact pressure.

Mining equipment diagnostics in a mine shaft dewatering system – case study

Maintenance issues in mines are particularly important due to the type and complexity of equipment in operation or working in hostile (even extreme) conditions. In this context, the need to ensure continuous/regular maintenance of machinery, identify potential hazards and ensure operational safety seems to be a challenge. Moreover, selecting an appropriate maintenance method is crucial for a mine, both economically and in technical/organizational terms. This study aims to present the preliminary results of diagnostic tests for pumps performing operational tasks in a mine shaft dewatering system. In addition, this study focused on a detailed discussion of the basic elements of the mine shaft dewatering system and the technical objects studied. A preliminary operational test plan for the investigated pumps operating in the mine shaft dewatering system is also presented. This enabled a discussion of the results obtained from the tests of the first quarter of 2023. The tests used three basic diagnostic methods: vibration analysis, thermal imaging and acoustic testing. Potential directions for further research in the analyzed area were also indicated.

Theoretical and Numerical Study of Eddy Current Pulsed Thermography to Detect Damage of Deep-Sea Manned Pressure Hull

At present, research on pressure hull safety is mainly focused on the constitutive model of material properties and the evaluation model of structural parameters aiming at fatigue life prediction. The damage identification and quantitative evaluation methods of pressure hulls have not been studied. In this study, an eddy current thermal imaging method is introduced to detect micro-cracks in a deep-sea spherical pressure hull. In the detection method, temperature is used as a parameter to identify and quantify cracks. The temperature distribution around the cracks is studied using theoretical analysis and finite element simulation. A theoretical model is established using electromagnetic theory and heat transfer theory. Moreover, the temperature difference between the cracked area and the non-cracked area can be obtained by solving the heat conduction equation. A pulsed eddy current thermal imaging testing system is established, and a defective titanium alloy specimen is tested. At the same time, the temperature around the cracks in the specimens is simulated. The specimens have the same material and welding as a deep-sea spherical pressure hull. This paper discusses the possibility of its use in a pressure hull, which will provide a reference for micro-crack damage identification and quantitative evaluation of a deep-sea spherical pressure hull.

Thermal comfort and flame retardant performance of novel temperature-control coatings with modified phase change material microcapsules

Organic phase change material (PCM) is considered to be promising for building energy efficiency, as it can be directly incorporated into matrix resin to impart thermal storage capacity after being encapsulated in a shell to form phase change material microcapsule (EPCM). However, existing studies have shown that the encapsulation of organic shell materials negatively affects the inherent thermal storage efficiency of PCM and increases its fire hazard. Towards efficient utilization of the thermal storage efficiency of organic PCM and reduction of its fire hazard when applied to building insulation coatings, we decorated halloysite nanotube (HNT) with P, N component (p-HNT) and embedded it into EPCM (p-h-EPCM), which integrated the high thermal conductivity and flame retardancy of p-HNT and developed a high-performance EPCM for thermal regulation coatings. Specifically, p-h-EPCM possesses exceptional thermal stability and has an enthalpy of 113.21 J/g. After mixing p-h-EPCM into epoxy resin (EP/p-h-EPCM), we further investigated its flame-retardant effect and temperature control performance in practical applications. The cone calorimeter (CCT) showed that EP/p-h-EPCM was 35.7 % lower in the peak of heat release rate (pHRR) and 18.97 % lower in the total heat release (THR) compared to the epoxy resin (EP) that incorporated the same mass of EPCM (EP/EPCM). Moreover, the small room test and thermal imager test results showed that EP/p-h-EPCM had the mildest temperature fluctuations of 8.68 °C and 5.23 °C when heating/cooling, respectively. Considering the favorable flame retardant effect and energy-efficient thermal regulation performance, the obtained p-h-EPCM has a broad prospect in the practical application of building temperature-control coatings.

Analysis and Research on Experimental Process of Water Thermal Migration of Freeze–Thaw Cracked Rock Based on Particle Tracking Method and Thermal Imaging Technology

In high-altitude and cold regions, external dynamic geological processes, such as glacial melting and other processes are intense, which frequently results in surface dynamic geological processes, such as slope collapse, landslides, debris flows, and ice avalanches along the route. For high and steep slopes in high-altitude regions containing controlled fractures, the key is to grasp the water-heat process and the evolution of the frost heaving force induced by it within the fractures. This can then lead to the exploration of the multi-phase and multi-field damage propagation, and a disaster mechanism within the fractures under repeated freezing and thawing. The visual tracking of the water-heat migration process within the fractured rock mass is helpful in observing the evolution process of frost-heaving force and providing a theoretical basis for the frost-heaving mechanism. First, research on particle tracking, thermal imaging tests, and image processing technology was conducted to demonstrate that particle tracking and thermal imaging techniques can track the freezing front within the rock fractures and the migration of liquid water inside the rock. Then, by selecting fluorescent particles and improving the observation window and using a waterproof insulation cardboard, the development of a visualization device system for the water-heat migration process was achieved, allowing the tracking of the water-heat migration process. The results of the verification test showed that under freezing and thawing conditions, the experimental device could effectively track the temporal and spatial changes of water-heat migration inside and outside the rock fractures and monitor the real-time changes of the freezing front. Reliable experimental results were obtained, which provided a visual record of the water-heat migration and water-ice phase transition within the fractured rock mass during the freezing and thawing process. Combining thermal imaging technology with the real-time recording of the motion rate of fluorescent particles, this experiment described the movement speed of the freezing front and the convection of free water within the fractures in rock water-heat migration, which is of significant importance for the study of the frost-heaving force under the influence of water-heat migration.

Safety of Steel Arch Support Operation During Rock Bursts Under Explosive Atmosphere Conditions

Abstract Methane and coal dust explosions are among the most common causes of disasters in hard coal mining. Therefore, it is important for occupational safety in hard coal mines operating under methane and coal dust explosion hazards to identify possible ignition sources, whether due to natural or technical factors. One technical source of ignition can be mechanical sparks generated during operation of mechanical equipment and high surface temperatures of equipment components during operation. This paper presents the methodology and results of thermal imaging and strength testing of roadway support elements under dynamic loading. The goal of the tests was to identify the potential explosive atmosphere ignition sources during the operation of the support under the conditions of rock bursts. The scope of testing encompassed the temperature measurements by means of thermal camera of friction prop and yielding support frame sliding joint elements at yield under dynamic impact loading (simulating a burst). Significant joint element heating and mechanical sparking was observed during the testing of arching yielding support frame sliding joints and straight friction prop joints as a result of friction at yield. Some of the aspects defined in standard PN-EN ISO80079-36:2016 include the maximum temperature T max =150°C for a surface that can accumulate a layer of coal dust. Tests of the friction joints have shown that during impact loading, numerous mechanical sparks are produced at the friction joints of sections of the steel prop, with the surface temperature of the sections starting from 169.6°C and reaching up to 234.1°C. During tests it was also to determined emissivites of the tested sliding joints constructed from V29-V32 secrions depending on corrosion products which consist in range 0.842–0.873. Such a high temperature can initiate an explosive mixture consisting of methane, air and coal dust.

Waveform impact on thermo-mechanical fatigue crack growth of a non-crystallizing rubber: Experimental observation and numerical simulation

Compared with the sine waveform, the pulse waveform load is more in line with the real service condition of tire. It was investigated the effect of two pulse waveform loads on the thermo-mechanical fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) of filled styrene-butadiene rubber and explained the underlying mechanism. The fatigue test and infrared thermal imaging test revealed that the shorter the pulse excitation time, the higher the heat build-up and the faster the FCGR. The underlying mechanism was explained by an established thermo-mechanical coupling method, and it was pointed out that the faster FCGR under high-frequency loading condition resulted from higher hysteresis energy rather than higher strain energy. The Parallel Rheological Framework model could not explain this phenomenon well.

Assessment of chronic limb threatening ischemia using thermal imaging

ObjectivesCurrent chronic limb threatening ischemia (CLTI) diagnostics require expensive equipment, using ionizing radiation or contrast agents, or summative surrogate methods lacking in spatial information. Our aim is to develop and improve contactless, non-ionizing and cost-effective diagnostic methods for CLTI assessment with high spatial accuracy by utilizing dynamic thermal imaging and the angiosome concept. ApproachDynamic thermal imaging test protocol was suggested and implemented with a number of computational parameters. Pilot data was measured from 3 healthy young subjects, 4 peripheral artery disease (PAD) patients and 4 CLTI patients. The protocol consists of clinical reference measurements, including ankle- and toe-brachial indices (ABI, TBI), and a modified patient bed for hydrostatic and thermal modulation tests. The data was analyzed using bivariate correlation. ResultsThe thermal recovery time constant was on average higher for the PAD (88%) and CLTI (83%) groups with respect to the healthy young subjects. The contralateral symmetry was high for the healthy young group and low for the CLTI group. The recovery time constants showed high negative correlation to TBI (ρ = -0.73) and ABI (ρ = -0.60). The relation of these clinical parameters to the hydrostatic response and absolute temperatures (|ρ|<0.3) remained unclear. ConclusionThe lack of correlation for absolute temperatures or their contralateral differences with the clinical status, ABI and TBI disputes their use in CLTI diagnostics. Thermal modulation tests tend to augment the signs of thermoregulation deficiencies and accordingly high correlations were found with all reference metrics. The method is promising for establishing the connection between impaired perfusion and thermography. The hydrostatic modulation test requires more research with stricter test conditions.

A prospective evaluation of breast thermography enhanced by a novel machine learning technique for screening breast abnormalities in a general population of women presenting to a secondary care hospital.

Artificial intelligence-enhanced breast thermography is being evaluated as an ancillary modality in the evaluation of breast disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of Thermalytix, a CE-marked, AI-based thermal imaging test, with respect to conventional mammography. A prospective, comparative study performed between 15 December 2018 and 06 January 2020 evaluated the performance of Thermalytix in 459 women with both dense and nondense breast tissue. Both symptomatic and asymptomatic women, aged 30-80 years, presenting to the hospital underwent Thermalytix followed by 2-D mammography and appropriate confirmatory investigations to confirm malignancy. The radiologist interpreting the mammograms and the technician using the Thermalytix tool were blinded to the others' findings. The statistical analysis was performed by a third party. A total of 687 women were recruited, of whom 459 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Twenty-one malignancies were detected (21/459, 4.6%). The overall sensitivity of Thermalytix was 95.24% (95% CI, 76.18-99.88), and the specificity was 88.58% (95% CI, 85.23-91.41). In women with dense breasts (n = 168, 36.6%), the sensitivity was 100% (95% CI, 69.15-100), and the specificity was 81.65% (95% CI, 74.72-87.35). Among these 168 women, 37 women (22%) were reported as BI-RADS 0 on mammography; in this subset, the sensitivity of Thermalytix was 100% (95% CI, 69.15-100), and the specificity was 77.22% (95% CI, 69.88-83.50). Thermalytix showed acceptable sensitivity and specificity with respect to mammography in the overall patient population. Thermalytix outperformed mammography in women with dense breasts and those reported as BI-RADS 0.

Defect detection of GFRP laminates by barker code modulation excitation infrared thermal imaging

During the preparation and service of GFRP laminates, due to the influence of manufacturing process, it is easy to produce debonding defect. This paper expounds the basic principle and test process of infrared nondestructive testing, which using the barker code modulation of the thermal wave to identify the GFRP laminate debonding defect. Through the establishment of infrared thermal imaging testing system, this paper studies its detection effect on defects with different diameter, depth and diameter-to-depth ratio, processes the image sequence by using principal component analysis (PCA) and discrete Fourier transform (DFT) algorithms, and finally calculates and compares the processed signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The results show that Barker code modulated thermal wave infrared detection can detect the debonding defects of GFRP laminates. Among them, the detection effect of 13-bit Barker coded modulation excitation is better, and the image processed by DFT has better recognition effect.

Preparation and characterization of phase change material microcapsules with modified halloysite nanotube for controlling temperature in the building

Microencapsulated phase change material (mPCM) with effective heat transfer and flame retardant is highly desirable given today’s increasing energy demand. In this article, the halloysite nanotube (D-HNT) was modified by 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) and then inserted into the mPCM (D-H-mPCM) successfully. The transmission electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and FT-IR results showed that the DOPO is grafted in both interior and exterior walls of halloysite nanotube (HNT), and the D-HNT is successfully inserted into mPCM. According to thermogravimetric analysis tests, D-H-mPCM was the best thermally stable sample among other mPCM for the existence of HNT and DOPO. The differential scanning calorimetry tests showed that the latent heat of D-H-mPCM was 113.52 J/g, and the D-HNT embedded in the mPCM greatly contributes to the heat transfer of the PMMA shell. To detect the flame retardancy and temperature control performance of mPCM samples, D-H-mPCM was incorporated into epoxy resin (EP-D-H-mPCM). The data of the cone calorimeter test suggested the EP-D-H-mPCM exhibited the lowest peak of heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) of 572.65 kW/m2 and 93.95 MJ/m2 respectively. Finally, the small room model test and infrared thermal imager test showed the application of D-H-mPCM in EP can regulate indoor temperature and moderate temperature fluctuation. This work provides a new methodology to improve both thermal conductivity and flame retardancy of mPCM.

Development of Thermal Camouflage Polyester-Cotton Blended Fabric for Defense Security Personnel via Coating with Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide

ABSTRACT In this study, graphene oxide (GO) was prepared with modified Hummer’s method while reduce graphene oxide (rGO) was prepared in the presence of hydrazine hydrate and then coated on polyester cotton (PC) blend camouflage pattern print fabric using the pad-dry-cure method. The as-synthesized GO and rGO were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis, X-ray diffraction (xRD), and UV-visible spectrophotometry. The surface morphology and the thermal camouflage property of the coated fabric were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and infrared thermal imaging test, respectively. The average particle size of GO and rGO were 99.8 nm and 0.4 nm, respectively. The fabrics treated with GO and rGO apparently reduced the emitting temperature of the human body and made it similar to the surrounding environment. The increase in the concentration of coating materials (GO and rGO) resulted in the enhancement of camouflage property. Interestingly, the camouflage property of the coated fabric was very good even after several washing cycles. Based on these scientific outcomes, the coating of PC fabric with GO and rGO is a novel and successful approach in the development of thermal camouflage technical textiles which can be potentially applied on pilot-scale experiments to establish its industrial-scale feasibility.