Thermal Dissipation Rate Research Articles

Non-invasive, pre-symptomatic detection of potato cyst nematode infection in tomato using chlorophyll fluorescence analysis.

Potato cyst nematodes (PCN) are notorious pathogens in all major potato production areas worldwide. Mainly due to the low mobility of this soil pathogen, PCN infestations are mostly observed as patches ('foci') that only cover a fraction of the acreage. In-field pre-symptomatic localization of this pathogen is valuable as it would allow for the localized application of control measures. Although the mapping of foci is technically feasible, it is unpractical as it would take the analysis of numerous soil samples. We investigated whether chlorophyll fluorescence (Chl-F) could be suitable as a rapid, non-destructive method for early PCN detection. To this end, the impact of four Globodera pallida densities on the Chl-F of tomato was investigated in a phenotyping greenhouse for 26 days. Furthermore, classical plant performance indicators biomass and root surface area were compared with Chl-F. Thermal dissipation ('NPQ_Lss') and actual photosynthetic rate ('QY_Lss') responded at 1 DPI, while QY_Lss was most sensitive to low PCN infection levels. Chl-F parameters responded more readily to PCN infection than biomass and root surface area. The efficiency of photosystem II (QY_max) and the potential activity of photosystem II (Fv/Fo) initially increased at low PCN infection levels, whereas a sharp decrease was observed at higher infestation levels. Hence, our data suggest that low PCN levels promoted plant performance before becoming detrimental at higher levels. While Chl-F allowed for early and sensitive PCN detection, it remains to be investigated whether these signals can be distinguished from those produced by other below-ground stressors in the field.

Impingement of vortex dipole on heated boundaries and related thermal plume dynamics

The profound influence of an externally induced vortex dipole on thermal plume dynamics is numerically studied for varying Rayleigh numbers (Ra) employing the Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook collision model-based lattice Boltzmann method with a double distribution function approach. This study is extended to vortex dipole impingement with different types of heated bottom boundaries of two-dimensional domain, such as flat, “V-shaped,” and “inverted-V-shaped.” The vortex dipole impingement with the heated boundaries generates secondary vortices, which in turn produce vortex-driven thermal plumes, thereby advancing plume generation. The subsequent merging of the plumes enhances heat transport and leads to a continuous plume ascent. The presence of convex corners facilitates flow separation and also gives rise to the formation of secondary vortex dipoles, thereby significantly impacting the continuous generation of jet-like plumes when compared to concave configurations. The lack of an external vortex in pure buoyancy-driven flows produces less pronounced jet-like plumes and a relatively low Nusselt number. The boundary types and Ra significantly influence the vorticity production, resulting in higher enstrophy and palinstrophy for convex boundaries compared to flat and concave ones. A lower Prandtl number increases secondary vortices and corner rolls, leading to larger velocity gradients, higher thermal diffusivity, resulting in increased kinetic energy and thermal dissipation rates. The increased cell height enhances heat transfer at the top boundary due to improved heat convection from the slanted boundary and influence of early dipole impingement. Furthermore, kinetic energy dissipates in the dipole-driven flows and increases in the buoyancy-dominated flows.

Transport scaling in porous media convection

We present a theory to describe the Nusselt number, $\operatorname {\mathit {Nu}}$ , corresponding to the heat or mass flux, as a function of the Rayleigh–Darcy number, $\operatorname {\mathit {Ra}}$ , the ratio of buoyant driving force over diffusive dissipation, in convective porous media flows. First, we derive exact relationships within the system for the kinetic energy and the thermal dissipation rate. Second, by segregating the thermal dissipation rate into contributions from the boundary layer and the bulk, which is inspired by the ideas of the Grossmann and Lohse theory (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 407, 2000; Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 86, 2001), we derive the scaling relation for $\operatorname {\mathit {Nu}}$ as a function of $\operatorname {\mathit {Ra}}$ and provide a robust theoretical explanation for the empirical relations proposed in previous studies. Specifically, by incorporating the length scale of the flow structure into the theory, we demonstrate why heat or mass transport differs between two-dimensional and three-dimensional porous media convection. Our model is in excellent agreement with the data obtained from numerical simulations, affirming its validity and predictive capabilities.

Statistics of kinetic and thermal energy dissipation rates in vibrational turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection with rough surface

In this paper, the statistical properties of the kinetic εu and thermal εθ dissipation rates in two-dimensional (2D) turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection (RBC) are studied by using the thermal lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). A series of direct numerical simulations (DNS) are implemented in a square cell with the unit aspect ratio for the Rayleigh number Ra = 108 and Prandtl number Pr = 4.38. The roughness height h* and vary the vibration frequency ω* from 0 to 1000 are fixed in the vibrational RBC with rough plates to explore their effect on the kinetic and thermal dissipation rates. The global features indicate that the εu and εθ are more intense in the regions with high gradients of velocity and temperature, which is in good agreement with the previous work. The scalings of Nu∼ω *0.55±0.1 and Re∼0.59±0.2 are proposed between the ensemble averaged Nusselt number Nu and Reynolds number Re. The probability density functions (PDFs) of both logarithmic kinetic dissipation rate lg εu and thermal dissipation rate lg εθ are not conformed to the log-normal distributions. Through the analysis of the time-averaged εu and εθ vertical profiles, it is further demonstrated that the local dissipation rates from the boundary layer region are still the major contribution in the vibrational RBC with rough plates.

Statistics of kinetic and thermal energy dissipation rates in two-dimensional thermal vibrational convection

We investigate the statistical properties of kinetic ϵu and thermal ϵθ energy dissipation rates in two-dimensional (2D) thermal vibrational convection (TVC). Direct numerical simulations were conducted in a unit aspect ratio box across a dimensionless angular frequency range of 103≤ω≤107 for amplitudes 0.001≤a≤0.1, with a fixed Prandtl number of 4.38. Our findings indicate ϵu is primarily associated with the characteristics of the vibration force, while ϵθ is more related to the large-scale columnar structures. Both energy dissipation rates exhibit a power-law relationship with the oscillational Reynolds number Reos. ϵu exhibits a scaling relation as ⟨ϵu⟩V,t∼a−1Reos0.93±0.01, while ϵθ exhibits two distinct scaling behaviors, i.e., ⟨ϵθ⟩V,t∼a−1Reos1.97±0.04 for Reos<Reos,cr and ⟨ϵθ⟩V,t∼a−1Reos1.31±0.02 for Reos>Reos,cr, where the fitted critical oscillational Reynolds number is approximately Reos,cr≈80. The different scaling of ⟨ϵθ⟩V,t is determined by the competition between the thermal boundary layer and the oscillating boundary layer. Moreover, the probability density functions (PDFs) of both dissipation rates deviate significantly from the lognormal distribution and exhibit a bimodal shape. By partitioning the contributions from the boundary layer and bulk regions, it is shown that the bulk contributes to the small and moderate dissipation rates, whereas the high dissipation rates are predominantly contributed by the boundary layer. As Reos increases, the heavy tail of the PDFs becomes more pronounced, revealing an enhanced level of small-scale intermittency. This small-scale intermittency is mainly caused by the influence of BL due to vibration. Our study provides insight into the small-scale characteristics of 2D TVC, highlighting the non-trivial scaling laws and intermittent behavior of energy dissipation rates with respect to vibration intensity.

Laser drilling through Hashma sandstone

The application of laser in the drilling and perforation of oil wells can achieve great benefits such as reduced drilling costs and time with a higher rate of penetration (ROP) and elimination of casing necessity in oil and gas well drilling. This paper presents an original experimental investigation of Laser cutting through Hashma sandstone (a common quarry rock in Egypt) to develop a good understanding of the laser cutting process in sandstone. Five blocks of Hashma sandstone with dimensions of 35 cm × 35 cm × 10 cm were utilized to study the effects of the various parameters involved in the lasing (cutting) process in order to evaluate the cutting process through sandstone, investigate the effect of laser parameters on the process and the cutting mechanisms. The experimental results showed that the laser drilling can provide lower specific energy (SE) compared to conventional drilling methods, revealed the effect of various laser and rock parameters (such as beam power, intensity, duration, sample size, and orientation) on the cutting process, and demonstrated the laser cutting mechanisms through sandstone such as thermal spallation and melting mechanisms. Several parameters must be optimized for an optimum laser cutting process with the lowest SE, such as using the optimum beam power, beam duration (or Lasig time), and beam mode (continuous or pulsed). The optimum parameters may change from one case to another and depend on the overall interactions among the various variables such as thermal dissipation rate and purging system efficiency.

Low-Prandtl-number effects on global and local statistics in two-dimensional Rayleigh–Bénard convection

We present global and local statistical properties of turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard (RB) convection at low Prandtl numbers in this work. A series of high resolution two-dimensional (2D) direct numerical simulations are carried out in a square box for the Prandtl number ranges 0.005≤Pr≤0.07 and 0.01≤Pr≤0.15 at Rayleigh numbers Ra=107 and Ra=108, respectively. The global heat and momentum transport expressed as Nusselt number Nu and Reynolds number Re are found to scale as Nu∼Pr0.14 and Re∼Pr−0.82 for Ra=107, and Nu∼Pr0.11Re∼Pr−0.93 for Ra=108. The local velocity fluctuation at the cell center shows larger amplitudes at lowered Pr, indicating a stronger turbulence in the bulk. The magnitudes of kinetic and thermal energy dissipation rates in the bulk also increase with the decreasing of Pr, due to the intensified velocity gradient and larger thermal diffusivity, respectively. In the cell central region, probability density functions (PDFs) of velocity show a bimodal distribution, and it approaches the Gaussian distribution at higher Pr, while the PDFs of temperature display a stretched exponential shape with intermittent behavior. The kinetic energy spectra further reveal that the velocity cascade follows the Bolgiano–Obukhov scaling in the bulk of the convective flow.

FINITE DIFFERENCE METHOD BASED-NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS AND CAVITY TILTING ANALYSIS ON MAGNETOCONVECTION IN AN INCLINED PARALLELOGRAMMIC POROUS ENCLOSURE

This article numerically investigates the buoyancy-assisted convective flow and associated thermal characteristics in an inclined parallelogram-shaped porous geometry containing heat source and sink of different lengths placed at various locations. The left tilted wall has a hot source, and right tilted wall contains a cold sink, while the remaining regions of the inclined sidewalls are thermally insulated. The geometry is filled with fluid-saturated porous material and, in addition, an externally applied magnetic field (MF) has been supplied in lateral direction. The model equations governing the physical processes involve Darcy's law for the momentum equations and energy equations to account thermal variations. Using a stable and implicit finite difference methodology, these set of coupled and nonlinear partial differential equations are solved by reducing them to a system of linear algebraic equations. A wide range of numerical experiments are performed to determine the influence of various physical and geometrical parameters on the flow and thermal structure as well as thermal dissipation rate inside the geometry. Further, a suitable pair of inclination angles is found, at which maximum heat transport could be produced as compared to other combination of angles. Furthermore, an optimum size and location for the source-sink combination has been predicted which induces higher heat transport rates.

Tidal Dissipation in Stably Stratified and Semiconvective Regions of Rotating Giant Planets: Incorporating Coriolis Forces

We study how stably stratified or semiconvective layers alter tidal dissipation rates associated with the generation of inertial, gravito-inertial, interfacial, and surface gravity waves in rotating giant planets. We explore scenarios in which stable (nonconvective) layers contribute to the high rates of tidal dissipation observed for Jupiter and Saturn in our solar system. Our model is an idealized spherical Boussinesq system incorporating Coriolis forces to study effects of stable stratification and semiconvective layers on tidal dissipation. Our detailed numerical calculations consider realistic tidal forcing and compute the resulting viscous and thermal dissipation rates. The presence of an extended stably stratified fluid core significantly enhances tidal wave excitation of both inertial waves (due to rotation) in the convective envelope and gravito-inertial waves in the dilute core. We show that a sufficiently strongly stratified fluid core enhances inertial wave dissipation in a convective envelope much like a solid core does. We demonstrate that efficient tidal dissipation rates (and associated tidal quality factors )—sufficient to explain the observed migration rates of Saturn's moons—are predicted at the frequencies of the orbiting moons due to the excitation of inertial or gravito-inertial waves in our models with stable layers (without requiring resonance locking). Stable layers could also be important for tidal evolution of hot and warm Jupiters and hot Neptunes, providing efficient tidal circularization rates. Future work should study more sophisticated planetary models that also account for magnetism and differential rotation, as well as the interaction of inertial waves with turbulent convection.

Geometric versus Entropic Gaussian Correlations in an Open Quantum System of Two Bosonic Modes

Different types of geometric and entropic quantum correlation quantifiers are studied for a system composed of two resonant bosonic modes embedded in a thermal bath. The description of the evolution of the correlation measures is formulated in the framework of the theory of open systems, based on completely positive quantum dynamical semigroups, by using both a geometric and entropic quantification of total nonclassical correlations of Gaussian states. We consider the special case when the initial squeezed thermal state of the system preserves its form in time. We show that time evolution of the measures strongly depends on the parameters characterising the initial state of the system (squeezing parameter and average thermal photon numbers of the two modes) and of the thermal environment (temperature of the thermal bath and dissipation rate). In the limit of large times all the considered measures asymptotically tend to zero value, corresponding to an asymptotic bimodal uncorrelated product state. We make a comparison between the behaviour of the evolution in time of the Gaussian geometric quantum correlations and Gaussian entropic quantum correlations.

Growth Light Quality Influences Leaf Surface Temperature by Regulating the Rate of Non-Photochemical Quenching Thermal Dissipation and Stomatal Conductance

Significant efforts have been made to optimise spectrum quality in indoor farming to maximise artificial light utilisation and reduce water loss. For such an improvement, green (G) light supplementation to a red–blue (RB) background was successfully employed in our previous studies to restrict both non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and stomatal conductance (gs). At the same time, however, the downregulation of NPQ and gs had the opposite influence on leaf temperature (Tleaf). Thus, to determine which factor plays the most prominent role in Tleaf regulation and whether such a response is temporal or permanent, we investigated the correlation between NPQ and gs and, subsequently, Tleaf. To this end, we analysed tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Malinowy Ozarowski) grown solely under monochromatic LED lamps (435, 520, or 662 nm; 80 µmol m−2 s−1) or a mixed RGB spectrum (1:1:1; 180 µmol m−2 s−1) and simultaneously measured gs and Tleaf with an infrared gas analyser and a thermocouple or an infrared thermal camera (FLIR) during thermal imaging analyses. The results showed that growth light quality significantly modifies Tleaf and that such a response is not temporal. Furthermore, we found that the actual adaxial leaf surface temperature of plants is more closely related to NPQ amplitude, while the temperature of the abaxial surface corresponds to gs.

Effect of solid obstacle and thermal conditions on convective flow and entropy generation of nanofluid filled in a cylindrical chamber

PurposeOne of the major challenges in the design of thermal equipment is to minimize the entropy production and enhance the thermal dissipation rate for improving energy efficiency of the devices. In several industrial applications, the structure of thermal device is cylindrical shape. In this regard, this paper aims to explore the impact of isothermal cylindrical solid block on nanofluid (Ag – H2O) convective flow and entropy generation in a cylindrical annular chamber subjected to different thermal conditions. Furthermore, the present study also addresses the structural impact of cylindrical solid block placed at the center of annular domain.Design/methodology/approachThe alternating direction implicit and successive over relaxation techniques are used in the current investigation to solve the coupled partial differential equations. Furthermore, estimation of average Nusselt number and total entropy generation involves integration and is achieved by Simpson and Trapezoidal’s rules, respectively. Mesh independence checks have been carried out to ensure the accuracy of numerical results.FindingsComputations have been performed to analyze the simultaneous multiple influences, such as different thermal conditions, size and aspect ratio of the hot obstacle, Rayleigh number and nanoparticle shape on buoyancy-driven nanoliquid movement, heat dissipation, irreversibility distribution, cup-mixing temperature and performance evaluation criteria in an annular chamber. The computational results reveal that the nanoparticle shape and obstacle size produce conducive situation for increasing system’s thermal efficiency. Furthermore, utilization of nonspherical shaped nanoparticles enhances the heat transfer rate with minimum entropy generation in the enclosure. Also, greater performance evaluation criteria has been noticed for larger obstacle for both uniform and nonuniform heating.Research limitations/implicationsThe current numerical investigation can be extended to further explore the thermal performance with different positions of solid obstacle, inclination angles, by applying Lorentz force, internal heat generation and so on numerically or experimentally.Originality/valueA pioneering numerical investigation on the structural influence of hot solid block on the convective nanofluid flow, energy transport and entropy production in an annular space has been analyzed. The results in the present study are novel, related to various modern industrial applications. These results could be used as a firsthand information for the design engineers to obtain highly efficient thermal systems.

Pore-scale statistics of temperature and thermal energy dissipation rate in turbulent porous convection

Pore-scale statistics of temperature and thermal energy dissipation rate in turbulent porous convection

Synchronous optical intensity and phase measurements to characterize Rayleigh-Bénard convection.

Propagation of a laser beam through the Rayleigh-Bénard (RB) convection is experimentally investigated using synchronous optical wavefront and intensity measurements. Experimental results characterize the turbulence strength and length scales, which are used to inform numerical wave optic simulations employing phase screens. Experimentally found parameters are the refractive index structure constant, mean flow rate, kinetic and thermal dissipation rates, Kolmogorov microscale, outer scale, and shape of the refractive index power spectrum using known models. Synchronization of the wavefront and intensity measurements provide statistics of each metric at the same instance in time, allowing for two methods of comparison with numerical simulations. Numerical simulations prove to be within agreement of experimental and published results. Synchronized measurements provided more insight to develop reliable propagation models. It is determined that the RB test bed is applicable for simulating realistic undersea environments.

Salt‐Fingering Under the Thermal‐Wind and Lateral Shears in the Kuroshio Fronts

AbstractWe apply a linear normal mode stability analysis to identify instability in fronts stable to symmetric instability (SI). SI stable fronts appear in many of our observations in the Kuroshio current. These fronts consist of strong horizontal and vertical temperature and salinity gradients. Our stability analysis considers salt‐fingering instability in the presence of thermal‐wind and lateral shears along the isopycnal, which we term “geostrophic shear salt fingering (GSF).” When GSF grows faster than SI, the energy source is in the geostrophic and lateral shears, similar to SI. The results of the linear stability analysis are applied to evaluate temperature and salinity observations on the east coast of Japan in the Kuroshio current. The majority of our data do not support the growth of SI, as the measurements were taken in the fall when the fronts were stratified. Instead, our data indicate a preference for GSF growth. The total perturbation growth in GSF is determined by the source and sink terms in the scalar variance dissipation rates. The thermal and saline covariance dissipation rate (codissipation rate) serves as the primary energy source, while the thermal and saline variance dissipation rates function as the energy sink. This suggests that the presence of the GSF is detectable in microstructure measurements as patches of high thermal variance dissipation rate along the isopycnal slope at fronts in the absence of SI.

Tidal Dissipation in Stratified and Semi-convective Regions of Giant Planets

We study how stably stratified or semi-convective layers alter the tidal dissipation rates associated with the generation of internal waves in planetary interiors. We consider if these layers could contribute to the high rates of tidal dissipation observed for Jupiter and Saturn in our solar system. We use an idealized global spherical Boussinesq model to study the influence of stable stratification and semi-convective layers on tidal dissipation rates. We carry out analytical and numerical calculations considering realistic tidal forcing and measure how the viscous and thermal dissipation rates depend on the parameters relating to the internal stratification profile. We find that the strongly frequency-dependent tidal dissipation rate is highly dependent on the parameters relating to the stable stratification, with strong resonant peaks that align with the internal modes of the system. The locations and sizes of these resonances depend on the form and parameters of the stratification, which we explore both analytically and numerically. Our results suggest that stable stratification can significantly enhance the tidal dissipation in particular frequency ranges. Analytical calculations in the low-frequency regime give us scaling laws for the key parameters, including the tidal quality factor due to internal gravity waves. Stably stratified layers can significantly contribute to tidal dissipation in solar and extrasolar giant planets, and we estimate substantial tidal evolution for hot Neptunes. Further investigation is needed to robustly quantify the significance of the contribution in realistic interior models, and to consider the contribution of inertial waves.

Comprehensive Evaluation Method for Cooling Effect on Process Thermal Dissipation Rate during Continuous Casting Mold

Cooling in the continuous casting mold is the essential process of the molten steel solidifying into a slab shell. The synergistic relationship of casting state, process operation, continuous casting equipment, and other factors is complex and has a significant influence on thermal transfer in the mold. Therefore, a concept of “process thermal dissipation rate” defined by mold system thermal input and output was proposed in this work. The thermal input of molten steel was calculated through the casting temperature, and the slab residual thermal at the outlet of the mold was calculated by the solidification heat transfer model. Consequently, the thermal dissipation rate was calculated to quantify the multi-factor cooperative relationship of mold. The industrial case reflected that the thermal dissipation rates of three stable castings were 12.5%, 14.3%, and 18.8%, respectively, and all of them were obviously abnormal in unsteady casting such as start casting, changing tundish, and end casting. The results above indicated that the thermal dissipation rate could characterize the mold cooling target under the cooperation of complex factors and provide a new method for the dynamic evaluation of the mold system cooling effect with different casting states. Accordingly, the correlation analysis between superheat, casting speed, cooling water flow, and thermal dissipation rate revealed the synergistic influence law of multi-operation on mold cooling effect, which provided a new idea for the precise control of multi-process collaboration in continuous casting.

Unsteady buoyant convection of nanofluid in a porous annulus: impacts of size and location of thermal source–sink pairs

The current numerical investigation deals with natural convection in a nanofluid-saturated porous cylindrical annulus subjected to partial heating and cooling of side walls by adopting Brinkman-extended Darcy Model to govern the fluid flow in porous media. By choosing five different locations and four lengths of thermal source–sink pairs, the impact of discrete heating–cooling on fluid flow, thermal transport rates and thermal mixing in a porous annular enclosure has been addressed. From the vast range of numerical simulations, the results provide information on the proper size and location of source–sink combinations to dissipate maximum thermal transport along with better thermal mixing in the enclosure. The importance of porosity, nanoparticle concentration, Darcy and Rayleigh numbers on overall thermal dissipation rate has also been discussed. The results showed that identifying an optimum source–sink location along with an appropriate choice of other control parameters can lead to higher thermal transport enhancement and thermal mixing.

Scaling transition of thermal dissipation in turbulent convection

Direct numerical simulation (DNS) of non-slip two dimensional (2D) Rayleigh–Benard convection (RBC) is conducted for a wide range of Rayleigh number (Ra up to 1013) at Prandtl number Pr = 0.7 and aspect ratio Γ = 1. The thermal dissipation rate is shown to display an evident scaling transition through the compensated plot, i.e., ⟨εθ⟩∝Raγ with γ≈−0.17 for 106≤Ra≤109, while γ≈−0.19 for Ra=109≤Ra≤1013. To track the transition, separate contributions from the thermal boundary layer (BL) and the bulk flow region are examined, incorporated also with the mean and fluctuation decomposition. It turns out that the mean temperature gradient in the BL is the dominant contribution, and together with other parts (i.e., fluctuations in the BL and bulk, and the mean gradient in the bulk), they all exhibit an obvious transition at Ra≈109. We have further checked the Nusselt number (Nu), which also shows the transition at Ra≈109. Interestingly, Nu∝Ra0.33 is observed for small Ra, while Nu∝Ra2/7 is absent in 2D RBC cases. To understand the physical origin of transition, spatial distributions and probability density functions of thermal dissipation rate are finally discussed, with notable statistical features changed at Ra≈109.

Widespread Intensified Pycnocline Turbulence in the Summer Stratified Yellow Sea

AbstractPycnocline mixing lies at the heart of seasonally stratified shelf sea systems, regulating vertical exchange of momentum, mass, heat, and biogeochemical constituents. Based on microstructure measurements in the summer of 2013 and 2017, here we report on the widespread occurrence of intensified pycnocline turbulence in the summer stratified Yellow Sea (YS). Large turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rates ∼ (10−7 W kg−1) and microscale thermal dissipation rates ∼ (10−6 K2 s−1) are found in the pycnocline below the depth of the strongest stratification at many sampling stations. Shipboard velocity measurements suggest that wind‐induced near‐inertial internal waves induced strong velocity shear; however, the calculated velocity shear peaked exactly at (instead of below) the strongest stratification layer and is generally not strong enough to trigger shear instabilities according to the Richardson number criterion. Example results at two repeated sampling stations clearly showed the presence of a low‐salinity water layer (with a thickness of 5–15 m), at the upper boundary of which salt fingering is expected to occur according to the Turner angle. The observed elevated and tended to occur in the salt‐finger‐favorable layers. Although the distribution of and reveals the relation with Turner angle, we further note the possible complexity in the driving mechanisms with the thermohaline‐shear instability potentially playing a role. Given the widespread nature of the intensified pycnocline turbulence, it is expected that this turbulence has important implications for nutrients cycling and thus the maintenance of primary productivity in the summer stratified YS.