Thermal Conductivity Parameter Research Articles

Non-Newtonian nanofluid flow across an exponentially stretching sheet with viscous dissipation: numerical study using an SCM based on Appell–Changhee polynomials

The objective of this article is to investigate how the properties of a non-Newtonian Williamson nanofluid flow, which occurs due to an exponential stretching sheet placed in a porous medium, are influenced by heat generation, viscous dissipation, and magnetic field. This study focuses on analyzing the heat transfer process by considering the impact of temperature on the thermal conductivity and viscosity of Williamson nanofluids. Additionally, the research significantly contributes by investigating the flow characteristics of these nanofluids when influenced by slip velocity. Using the spectral collocation method (SCM), the equations that describe the current problem are transformed into a collection of ordinary differential equations and then solved. The SCM proposed here basically depends on the properties of the Appell-type Changhee polynomials (ACPs). First, with the aid of ACPs, we give an approximate formula of the derivatives for the approximated functions. Through this procedure, the provided model is transformed into a nonlinear set of algebraic equations. Physical factors of interest, such as skin friction, the Nusselt number, and the Sherwood number, are explained using tabular expressions. Data are displayed as graphs for the nanofluid’s velocity, temperature, and concentration. The primary findings showed that increasing the Williamson, magnetic, thermal conductivity, and Brownian parameters significantly improves the thermal field. Finally, testing the suggested method with specific cases from some past literature-based publications reveal a good degree of agreement.

Numerical simulations of Darcy-forchheimer flow of radiative hybrid nanofluid with Lobatto-IIIa scheme configured by a stretching surface

Heat transport and energy storage continue to be major issues for manufacturers and scientists. So far, the notion of novel heat transfer fluids has been developed, namely nanofluids and hybrid nanofluids. This investigation examines thermal radiation effect on heat transfer in MHD flow using the hybrid nanofluid. It examines a hybrid nanofluid (SWCNT-Al2O3/H2H6O2–H2O and MWCNT-CuO/H2H6O2–H2O) with H2O water base fluid nature passing through a starching surface with thermal radiation, Biot number and melting phenomena. The suitable similarity transformations are used to transmute the main governing system of equation PDEs and the appropriate boundary conditions for computation with the help of well-reputed shooting technique. The graphical and numerical outcomes against dissimilar flow parameters are computed by the mathematical software MATLAB. The velocity distribution profile is decreased by growing values of the Rotation parameter and porosity parameter. The velocity profile is enhanced by increasing the values of Darcy forchheimer medium. The thermal distribution field is enhanced by rising estimations of the thermal radiation parameter and Biot number. Temperature of the fluid is increasing due to increase in thermal conductivity parameter while decreasing due to increase in Marangoni ratio parameter. The present model hybrid nanofluid of heat transmission is evaluated to see if it has higher thermal energy storage efficiency than standard nanofluids. As a result, these novel findings in heat transport might be advantageous in dealing with energy storage issues in the modern technological environment.

Multiple computations for MHD flow of graphene-oxide nanofluid with radiative heat transfer within porous medium

This paper describes the fundamental characteristics of cavitation in non-Newtonian liquids and bubble dynamics and then applies them to the domains of bioengineering and biomedicine. The goal of this paper is to examine how Newtonian nanomaterial flows hydromagnetically when subjected to a spinning disc considering such biomedical and bioengineering applications. The vertical axis of the disc rotates with a uniform angular frequency. The fundamental mathematical expressions are governed by the Navier–Stokes equations with the Maxwell equations of magnetism, we obtained ordinary differential equations utilizing Von Kármán’s similarity transformations. Additionally, the effects of the magnetic field and radiation restrictions are considered. The RK-4 technique is used to solve the transmuted nonlinear ODEs. The analysis of MATLAB generated flow profiles has looked for changes in the values of key parameters. It is discovered that an increase in the thermal radiation parameter causes a decrease in the nanofluid temperature while an increase in the volume fraction of magnetite nanoparticles causes an increase. The skin-friction and heat-transfer rate at the disc are highly influenced by its rotational, the porosity of the porous media, thermal radiation and nanoparticle size. The rotational parameter, which regulates the disk’s rotation, is a result of the rotating phenomenon. The research demonstrates that when the disk’s rotation increases, the fluid motion accelerates in both the radial and cross-radial directions. Additionally, increasing the Prandtl number significantly improves heat transport, and a higher value for the rotation parameter shows a lesser concentration phenomenon. Additionally, the Nusselt number shows a decrease curve for a changeable thermal conductivity parameter. Finally, the current research can effectively close a gap in the physique of knowledge.

Influence of filler topology on the thermal transport of composite materials based on similarity principle modeling: A cross-scale simulation study

The thermal conductivity parameter of the materials is a fundamental parameter for thermal design and study of heat transfer processes. In our study, we combined the homogenization theory based on the finite element with the thermal conductivity order-of-magnitude analysis and similarity principle, to construct structural models of fibers, spheres, ellipsoids, sheets, and interfaces, and establish the topology of intermingling and encapsulation of different structures. Combined thermal conductivity calculations of mesoscopic composites and microscopic interface models using finite element and molecular dynamics methods. The anisotropy model of thermal conductivity was established by coordinate transformation. Based on the numerical verification of the reliability of the method, the mechanisms of the influence on the thermal transport of composites were analyzed for parameters such as volume fraction of different structural fillers, structural shape, thermal conductivity ratio, thickness of highly thermally conductive coatings, and spatial orientation distribution. The results showed that the effective thermal conductivity (ETC) of the continuous structural reinforced composite was mainly influenced by the volume fraction of the filler; the modulation of ETC with ellipsoidal particle structure form and distribution mode was comparable to the effect of changing the volume fraction modulation; the mutual fusion between ellipsoids randomly distributed in the plane could effectively enhance the heat transport effect of the composite, and as the volume fraction increased to more than 3%, the heat transport gain from mutual fusion was more obvious; spraying high thermally conductive copper coating on ellipsoidal particles could significantly enhance the ETC of the composites. The present work could provide reference for composites in terms of structural improvement and thermal performance enhancement.

Characteristics of geothermal field and evaluation of geothermal resource potential in the Yingjiang Basin

Geothermal resource, a green and sustainable energy resource, plays an important role in achieving ‘emission peak’ and ‘carbon neutrality’ targets. The Yingjiang Basin is located in the eastern branch of the Mediterranean-Himalayan high-temperature geothermal belt and exhibits considerable potential for geothermal resources. However, current investigations into the distribution of deep geothermal resources in this region are somewhat limited. In this paper, the transient plane source (TPS) method is used to measure the thermal conductivity parameters of 31 rock samples within the study area. Additionally, the one-dimensional steady-state heat conduction equation is employed to calculate the deep geothermal field, considering the constraints of rock thermal properties and terrestrial heat flow in the study area. Furthermore, the “stripping method” is used to determine the contribution rate of sedimentary layer to terrestrial heat flow, while the volume method is applied to estimate the geothermal resources at burial depths of 3000–5000 m. The results show that (1) The heat generation rate of granite is the highest with an average value of 4.52 μW/m3, followed by gneiss with an average value in the range of 2.0–3.5 W/(m·K), mudstone and sandstone being the lowest with an average value between 1.0 and 2.0 W/(m·K). (2) The main contributor of terrestrial heat flow in the study area is mantle heat flow, and the contribution of sedimentary layers to terrestrial heat flow only accounts for about 2%. (3) The geothermal resources in Yingjiang Basin within the depth range of 3000–5000 m is 93.6 × 1015 kJ, or 3.2 × 109 tonnes standard coal equivalent (SCE).

Heat transfer analysis of a hybrid nanofluid flow on a rotating disk considering thermal radiation effects

This study investigates heat transfer in a hybrid nanofluid that flows due to a rotating disk. The nanofluid contains copper and dioxide nanoparticles in water and is affected by a constant magnetic field. The study accounts for heat generation/absorption and thermal radiation and solves the governing equations using similarity transformations and the Shooting Method. The research reveals that the higher nanoparticle concentration in a fluid result in increased radial and azimuthal velocities due to improved convective heat transfer. This leads to higher fluid velocity and lower local skin friction coefficient. Heat generation/absorption and thermal radiation have a strong influence on the heat transfer process. Higher nanoparticle concentration, variable thermal conductivity parameter, and radiation parameter cause an increase in the temperature of the hybrid nanofluid. The local Nusselt number increases with an increase in the variable thermal conductivity parameter but decreases with nanoparticle concentration while increases with the thermal radiation parameter. Results from a special case analysis, which excluded certain parameters, closely agree with previous studies, confirming the validity of the solution. These findings can be useful in understanding heat transfer in similar scenarios, especially in energy engineering and thermal management.

Thermal case classification of solar-powered cars for binary tetra hybridity nanofluid using Cash and Carp method with Hamilton-Crosser model

Solar energy is the most important source of thermal energy that comes from the sun. This kind of energy has enormous potential applications in fields of technology such as photovoltaic panels, renewable power, solar light poles, and solar pumps used for water extraction. The era in which we are living is all about the applications of solar energy in industrial sectors most importantly in solar sports car manufacturing. This article presents a new way of thinking about the heat transport analyses of photovoltaic hybrid vehicles, by factoring Casson-Sutterby liquid with the inclusion of various effects like variable thermal conduction, thermal radiation, heat generation, and tetrahybrid nanoparticles. To solve the modelled equations in regards to both momentum and energy, another well-computational approach known as the Cash and Carp method was used. The effects of a wide variety of factors on temperature, shear stress, and velocity fields, as well as the surface drag coefficient and Nusselt number, are briefly described and illustrated in the form of tables and figures. It then found that the thermal radiation, heat production, and thermal conductivity parameters and insertion of agglomerative tetrhybrid nanoparticles in the base fluid amplify heat transfer rate, it has been shown that the performance of the solar car increases in terms of heat transition. In comparison to standard nanofluid, tetrahybrid nanofluid is the most effective medium for the transmission of heat. From the regression analysis, it is observed that the error in terms of Nusselt number is smaller 0.0151 for the case ε=1.5, and increases to 0.0151 in the case of ε=2.5. Relative percentage error is smaller 4.62% in the case of heat generation Q=0.7 but a maximum of 15.8% in the case of thermal radiation Rd=2.

Heat and mass transfer analysis for magnetized flow of {mathrm{ZnO}-SAE50} nanolubricant with variable properties: an application of Cattaneo–Christov model

The current study scrutinizes heat and mass transfer features of magnetized flow of {mathrm{ZnO}-SAE50} nanolubricant over Riga plate in a Darcy Forchheimer medium. The effects of variable viscosity, thermal radiation, variable thermal conductivity, viscous dissipation and uniform heat source/sink are examined in this study. The diffusion model presented by Cattaneo–Christov is incorporated in this study to enclose heat and mass transport phenomenon. Additionally, the mass transfer rate is inspected subjected to the effects of variable solutal diffusivity and higher order chemical reaction. Heat and mass transfer phenomena have significant applications in the disciplines of science and technology that can be seen everywhere in nature. This simultaneous transportation phenomenon indicates a variety of applications in manufacturing processes, aerodynamics, cooling systems, environmental sciences, oceanography, food industries, biological disciplines, and energy transport systems etc. The modeled system of PDEs is metamorphosed to nonlinear ODEs with the introduction of appropriate transformations. An eminent bvp4c method in MATLAB has been incorporated to execute the resulting system of ODEs numerically. The outcomes of velocity, temperature and concentration profiles corresponding to various emerging parameters have been exposed graphically. The motion of {mathrm{ZnO}-SAE50} nanolubricant tends to enhance significantly with larger modified Hartmann number, whereas converse behavior is reported by increasing porosity parameter and variable viscosity parameter. The greater heat transfer rate is observed for variable thermal conductivity parameter. The rates of heat and mass transfer slow down for thermal and solutal time relaxation parameters respectively. The concentration profile gets enriched by growing the order of the chemical reaction and variable mass diffusivity parameter. It is concluded that by increasing solid volume fraction up to 1.5%, the viscosity of the nanolubricant enhances up to 12% which consequently slows down motion of the nanolubricant but increases temperature and concentration profiles.

Graphene Supports for Metal Hydride and Energy Storage Applications

Energy production, distribution, and storage remain paramount to a variety of applications that reflect on our daily lives, from renewable energy systems, to electric vehicles and consumer electronics. Hydrogen is the sole element promising high energy, emission-free, and sustainable energy, and metal hydrides in particular have been investigated as promising materials for this purpose. While offering the highest gravimetric and volumetric hydrogen storage capacity of all known materials, metal hydrides are plagued by some serious deficiencies, such as poor kinetics, high activation energies that lead to high operating temperatures, poor recyclability, and/or stability, while environmental considerations related to the treatment of end-of-life fuel disposal are also of concern. A strategy to overcome these limitations is offered by nanotechnology, namely embedding reactive hydride compounds in nanosized supports such as graphene. Graphene is a 2D carbon material featuring unique mechanical, thermal, and electronic properties, which all recommend its use as the support for metal hydrides. With its high surface area, excellent mechanical strength, and thermal conductivity parameters, graphene can serve as the support for simple and complex hydrides as well as RHC (reactive hydride composites), producing nanocomposites with very attractive hydrogen storage properties.

Stochastic Levenberg–Marquardt Neural Network Implementation for Analyzing the Convective Heat Transfer in a Wavy Fin

The present research examines the steady, one-dimensional thermal distribution and heat transfer of a wavy fin. This heat transfer analysis considers convective effects as well as temperature-dependent thermal conductivity. Furthermore, a novel implementation of a neural network with backpropagated Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm (NN-BLMA)-based machine learning intelligent strategies is provided to interpret the heat transfer analysis of a convective wavy fin. The non-linear ordinary differential equation (ODE) of the study problem is converted into its non-dimensional form using the similarity transformation technique. The dimensionless equation obtained is then numerically explored via the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg scheme. A data set for varying the pertinent parameters is generated, and an artificial neural network model is designed to estimate the heat transfer behavior of the wavy fin. The effectiveness of the proposed NN-BLMA is subsequently endorsed by analyses using a regression model, mean square error, and histograms. The findings of comprehensive computational parametric studies illustrate that the presented technique, NN-BLMA is an effective convergent stochastic numerical solver employed for the heat transfer model of the convective wavy fin. The wavy fin’s temperature dispersion optimizes as the thermal conductivity parameter rises. Heat transfer rate is higher in wavy fin compared to rectangular fin.

Photo-thermoelastic wave propagation with changing thermal conductivity on excited pulsed laser nanoscale microelongated semiconductor material

Indroduction: The novel model of a non-local elastic semiconductor material that is microelongated is created. The process of photothermal transfer is responsible for the stimulation of the material. Photo-thermoelastic theories are used when the thermal conductivity is changed for the non-local medium. Under the influence of laser pulses, the effective framework describes the nanoscale microelongation instance as well as the interference between the photo-thermoelastic propagation waves in the non-local medium. It is possible to think of thermal conductivity as a linear function of temperature when electronic and thermoelastic deformation mechanisms are described. Two-dimensional deformation (2D) is used to extract the main fields, which obtained in non-dimension.Methods: Harmonic wave analysis, which is described by the normal mode, has been used to convert the basic equations into non-homogeneous higher-order ordinary differential equations. Applying a small subset of the possible non-local semiconductor surface conditions leads to exhaustive solutions.Result and Discussion: The outcomes of numerical simulations for silicon (Si) are graphically shown. There are comparisons made and explanations given for the investigated physical factors like their thermal conductivity, laser pulses and microelongation parameters.

Case study of autocatalysis reactions on tetra hybrid binary nanofluid flow via Riga wedge: Biofuel thermal application

Ethanol and biodiesel, which both belong to the first generation of biofuel technology, are the two most popular forms of biofuels now in use. In order to create next-generation biofuels using waste, cellulosic biomass, and algae-based resources, the Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) is working with business. The present article is designed to study the effect of tetra hybrid nanoparticles with the utilization of the novel Hamilton and Crosser model and catalytic reaction on binary fluid with the consideration of ethanol biofuel as a base fluid. Ethanol comprising tetra hybrid nanoparticles and heterogeneous catalytic reaction amplifies thermal conductivity and significantly increases brake thermal efficiency and reduces brake-specific fuel consumption in diesel engines. Therefore, the aim of this article is a theoretical checkup that is related to heat and mass transport of biofuel flow considering binary fluid accompanied with autocatalysis reaction and novel tetra hybrid nanoparticles on biofluid flow subjected to a Riga wedge. Transportation of heat via nonuniform heat source/sink, thermal radiation, and thermal conductivity are in our consideration. The mathematics of the assumed problem generates the system of non-linear partial differential equations from basic equations of momentum, energy, and mass. The usage of non-dimensional variables gave a system of non-linear ODEs with boundary conditions which are further dealt with in the Lobatto111A scheme. The results are obtained for stretching/shrinking wedge with several parameters. From obtained results, it is observed that the velocity field diminishes owing to magnification in Weissenberg number and Casson fluid parameter. The temperature field diminishes by amplifying heat generation, thermal radiation, and variable thermal conductivity parameter. Concentration distribution escalates by rising homogeneous reaction parameters.

Exact solution to the problem of slow oscillations in coronal loops and its diagnostic applications

Magnetoacoustic oscillations are nowadays routinely observed in various regions of the solar corona. This allows them to be used as means of diagnosing plasma parameters and processes occurring in it. Plasma diagnostics, in turn, requires a sufficiently reliable MHD model to describe the wave evolution. In our paper, we focus on obtaining the exact analytical solution to the problem of the linear evolution of standing slow magnetoacoustic (MA) waves in coronal loops. Our consideration of the properties of slow waves is conducted using the infinite magnetic field assumption. The main contribution to the wave dynamics in this assumption comes from such processes as thermal conduction, unspecified coronal heating, and optically thin radiation cooling. In our consideration, the wave periods are assumed to be short enough so that the thermal misbalance has a weak effect on them. Thus, the main non-adiabatic process affecting the wave dynamics remains thermal conduction. The exact solution of the evolutionary equation is obtained using the Fourier method. This means that it is possible to trace the evolution of any harmonic of the initial perturbation, regardless of whether it belongs to entropy or slow mode. We show that the fraction of energy between entropy and slow mode is defined by the thermal conduction and coronal loop parameters. It is shown for which parameters of coronal loops it is reasonable to associate the full solution with a slow wave, and when it is necessary to take into account the entropy wave. Furthermore, we obtain the relationships for the phase shifts of various plasma parameters applicable to any values of harmonic number and thermal condition coefficient. In particular, it is shown that the phase shifts between density and temperature perturbations for the second harmonic of the slow wave vary between π/2 to 0, but are larger than for the fundamental harmonic. The obtained exact analytical solution could be further applied to the interpretation of observations and results of numerical modelling of slow MA waves in the corona.

Influence of thermophoretic deposition and viscous dissipation on magnetohydrodynamic flow with variable viscosity and thermal conductivity

AbstractIn this study, we numerically explore the impact of varying viscosity and thermal conductivity on a magnetohydrodynamic flow problem over a moving nonisothermal vertical plate with thermophoretic effect and viscous dissipation. The boundary conditions and flow‐regulating equations are converted into ordinary differential equations with the aid of similarity substitution. The MATLAB bvp4c solver is used to evaluate the numerical solution of the problem and it is validated by executing the numerical solution with previously published studies. The impacts of several factors, including the magnetic parameter, Eckert number, heat source parameter, thermal conductivity parameter, stratification parameter, Soret, Dufour, Prandtl number, and Schmidt number are calculated and shown graphically. Also, the skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are calculated. Fluid velocity, temperature, and concentration significantly drop as the thermophoretic parameter and thermal stratification parameter increases. As thermal conductivity rises, it is seen that the velocity of the fluid and temperature inside the boundary layer rise as well. Also, the Soret effect drops temperature and concentration profile. The applications of this type of problem are found in the processes of nuclear reactors, corrosion of heat exchangers, lubrication theory, and so forth.

Interaction of variable diffusion coefficients with electrokinetically regulated peristalsis of Carreau-Yasuda nanofluid

In this analysis, the interaction of variable diffusion coefficients with electrokinetically modulated peristaltic motion of a radiative Carreau-Yasuda (CY) nanofluid is communicated. Here, ethylene glycol is used as the base fluid, and graphene nanoplatelets are considered nanoparticles. Unlike many existing studies, the thermophoretic diffusion term appearing in the equation of temperature and concentration is considered a variable term instead of manipulating their average values to obtain a more precise estimation of the conduct of the nanofluid. The Carreau-Yasuda (CY) model is considered to represent the non-Newtonian features of nanofluids. A mathematical model is developed under the effects of Joule heating, variable thermal conductivity, mixed convection, thermal radiation, electric field, Brownian motion, viscous dissipation, magnetic field, and thermophoresis assumptions. The entropy equation involving a variable diffusion coefficient and thermal conductivity is constructed using the second law of thermodynamics. The acquired dimensionless equations are numerically resolved with the help of built-in function. The graphical results indicate that due to Joule heating characteristics, the temperature profile increases. Manipulation of radiation and thermal conductivity parameters can improve the thermal efficiency and productivity of the system. An electroosmotic parameter causes an augmentation in the Bejan number. The nanofluid flow decreases at a higher electroosmotic velocity. The nanofluid chosen makes it possible to envisage industrial applications, for example in the field of heat extraction, without compromising mechanical performance.

Entropy Generation in Peristaltic Transport of Hybrid Nanofluids with Thermal Conductivity Variations and Electromagnetic Effects.

Entropy generation in peristaltic transport of hybrid nanofluid possessing temperature-dependent thermal conductivity through a two-dimensional vertical channel is studied in this paper. The hybrid nanofluid consists of multi-walled carbon nanotubes mixed with zinc oxide suspended in engine oil. Flow is affected by a uniform external magnetic field, hence generating Lorentz force, Hall and heating effects. Given the vertical orientation of the channel, the analysis accounts for mixed convection. To study heat transfer in the current flow configuration, the model considers phenomena such as viscous dissipation, heat generation or absorption, and thermal radiation. The mathematical modeling process employs the lubrication approach and Galilean transformation for enhanced accuracy. The slip condition for the velocity and convective conditions for the temperature are considered at the boundaries. The study analyzes entropy generation using the Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM) and includes convergence curves for HAM solutions. Results are presented using graphs and bar charts. The analysis shows that higher Brinkman and thermal radiation parameters result in higher temperatures, while higher thermal conductivity parameters lead to reduced entropy generation and temperature profile. Additionally, higher Hall parameter values decrease entropy generation, while an increased Hartman number improves entropy generation.

Heat transfer and thermal analysis in a semi-spherical fin with temperature-variant thermal properties: an application of Probabilists’ Hermite collocation method

Finned surfaces are utilized in several industrial and technological applications including radiators in cars, air conditioning systems, and computer CPU heat sink to dissipate heat through convection or radiation. In this regard, the heat transfer enhancement utilizing the fins has received more attention in the scientific field. Motivated by this, the present research explicates temperature variation through a convective-radiative semi-spherical fin (SSF) with internal heating by taking into consideration of linear and nonlinear temperature-dependent heat transfer coefficient and thermal conductivities. Furthermore, the efficiency and heat transfer aspects of the fin are elaborated. The Rosseland approximation is used in this study to analyze radiation heat exchange. The developed energy equation is converted to a nonlinear ordinary differential equation (ODE) using dimensionless terms, and the probabilists’ Hermite collocation method (PHCM) is used to solve this problem. The governing parameters have been varied in their appropriate ranges to illustrate their impact on the thermal profile, and the results have been portrayed graphically. Some notable key findings of the current analysis are that as the scale of the convection–conduction and the radiation number upsurges, the thermal distribution through SSF drops. On the other hand, thermal distribution escalates for heat generation and thermal conductivity parameters.

Continuous dependence and convergence for Moore–Gibson–Thompson heat equation

In this paper, we investigate how the solutions vary when the relaxation parameter, the conductivity rate parameter, or the thermal conductivity parameter change in the case of the Moore-Gibson-Thompson heat equation. In fact, we prove that they can be controlled by a term depending upon the square of the variation of the parameter. These results concern the structural stability of the problem. We also compare the solutions of the MGT equation with the Maxwell-Cattaneo heat conduction equation and the type III heat equation (limit cases for the first two previous parameters) and we show how the difference between the solutions can be controlled by a term depending on the square of the limit parameter. This result gives a measure of the convergence between the solutions for the different theories.

Entropy Analysis on Magneto-Convective and Chemically Reactive Nanofluids Flow Over a Stretching Cylinder in the Presence of Variable Thermal Conductivity and Variable Diffusivity

The current paper is on the boundary layer flow of a magnetohydrodynamic nanofluids (Cu, Al2O3 nanoparticles with base fluid water) flow over a linearly stretching cylinder. We have analyzed the entropy generation with heat and mass transfer in mixed convection, thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, variable thermal conductivity, variable mass diffusivity, and binary chemical reaction with activation energy. Convective boundary conditions are also considered here. No such attempt is yet made by the researchers on hybridization and entropy optimization model by considering variable thermal conductivity and variable mass diffusivity with binary chemical reaction with convective boundary conditions induced by a stretching cylinder. The efficient implicit Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method with shooting technique is used for numerical solutions to the transformed-converted non-linear system of equations. The study is motivated by analyzing the effects on the nanofluid velocity, skin friction coefficient, temperature distribution, Nusselt number, nanoparticles concentration, and Sherwood number inside the boundary layer. The impact of solid volume fraction, chemical reaction, and activation energy with entropy generation is the key findings of the current investigation. Variable thermal conductivity and variable diffusivity parameters hike temperature and concentration profile, respectively. Entropy and Bejan number are increasing functions for curvature parameters.

Computational Investigations of an Internally Heated Convective-Radiative Porous Fin subjected to Magnetic Field: Comparative Methods and Parametric Studies

The concern of this paper is to compare the computational efficiencies and accuracies of three approximate analytical methods; namely, homotopy analysis method (HAM), optimal homotopy asymptotic method (OHAM) and differential transform method (DTM) for the nonlinear thermal performance analysis of a convective-radiative porous fin with temperature-dependent internal heat generation under the influence of magnetic field. To establish the computational accuracies of the three methods, the results of the three series solutions are compared with the results of the developed exact analytical and numerical methods. Also, the symbolic solutions developed in this work are used to explore the impacts of the controlling parameters on the performance of the passive device. It is established that as the coductive-convective, conductive-radiative and magnetic field parameters increase, the fin temperature distribution decreases and hence, the fin thermal efficiency is improved. An increase in temperature distribution in the fin is noticed as the nonlinear thermal conductivity parameter increases. It is envisaged that the present study will give a good insight into the nonlinear analysis of extended surfaces which will aid proper design in thermal systems.This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited.