IntroductionSpirituality and religion are important areas of human life that have aroused the interest of researchers in psychology and medicine with respect to their potential effects on mental health. A growing body of research for nearly 40years has demonstrated the positive effects of spirituality/religion on mental health through different processes such as coping, optimization of social bonding, the power of beliefs, and the benefits of certain therapeutic approaches using spirituality. However, at the level of complementary and alternative therapies which use spirituality as a vector of care or which fall within the field of spirituality, we find considerable research which is characterized by significant methodological biases that do not allow us to validate the relevance and the systematic effectiveness of these approaches. ObjectivesTherefore, the objective of this study is to examine the effectiveness of therapeutic approaches based on spirituality in treating anxiety. MethodWe carried out a review of the literature on the subject that used randomized controlled trials. ResultsFifteen studies that demonstrated positive effects of psycho-spiritual approaches on mental health were selected. These studies should, however, be put into perspective because of significant methodological limitations. DiscussionCognitive Based Therapies (CBT)-type approaches with spirituality as a basic theme clearly stand out from this study and underline the relevance of using spirituality from a behavioral and cognitive perspective in the treatment of the relationship maintained with thoughts and emotions in a context of adaptive and lifestyle changes, allowing for better management of the pathologies studied. ConclusionThe dimension of spirituality is rich with respect to therapeutic support, and the cognitive and behavioral approaches of the 3rd wave of CBT relying on the relationships maintained with cognition, life values and emotions are a serious avenue to be exploited within the framework of complementary psychotherapeutic treatments for anxiety.