Therapeutic Rigid Bronchoscopy Research Articles

Therapeutic bronchoscopy for malignant central airway obstruction: Introduction to the EpiGETIF registry.

EpiGETIF is a web-based, multicentre clinical database created in 2019 aiming for prospective collection of data regarding therapeutic rigid bronchoscopy (TB) for malignant central airway obstruction (MCAO). Patients were enrolled into the registry from January 2019 to November 2022. Data were prospectively entered through a web-interface, using standardized definitions for each item. The objective of this first extraction of data was to describe the population and the techniques used among the included centres to target, facilitate and encourage further studies in TB. Overall, 2118 patients from 36 centres were included. Patients were on average 63.7 years old, mostly male and smokers. Most patients had a WHO score ≤2 (70.2%) and 39.6% required preoperative oxygen support, including mechanical ventilation in 6.7%. 62.4% had an already known histologic diagnosis but only 46.3% had received any oncologic treatment. Most tumours were bronchogenic (60.6%), causing mainly intrinsic or mixed obstruction (43.3% and 41.5%, respectively). Mechanical debulking was the most frequent technique (67.3%), while laser (9.8%) and cryo-recanalization (2.7%) use depended on local expertise. Stenting was required in 54.7%, silicone being the main type of stent used (55.3%). 96.3% of procedure results were considered at least partially successful, resulting in a mean 4.1 points decrease on the Borg scale of dyspnoea. Complications were noted in 10.9%. This study exposes a high volume of TB that could represent a good source of future studies given the dismal amount of data about the effects of TB in certain populations and situations.

Initial Experience of Endobronchial Silicon Stents from a Tertiary Care Centre in North India

Central airway obstruction (CAO) is defined as obstruction of trachea and principal bronchi. Therapeutic rigid bronchoscopy with tracheobronchial stenting using silicon stents is a well established procedure in the management of such conditions. However, there is limited experience with this technique in India. Between January 2010 and April 2010, Dumon stents were placed in four patients with CAO. Three patients had symptomatic tracheal stenosis while one patient had malignant obstruction at the carina. Rigid bronchoscopy under general anaesthesia was performed to relieve the CAO followed by placement of silicon stents. Pre- and post-stent placement symptom assessment was performed with a symptom-based visual analogue scale. Four patients underwent silicon stent placement in the tracheobronchial tree. Three patients had benign post-intubation tracheal stenosis and one had malignant tracheal obstruction at carina due to endobronchial growth. Significant improvement was achieved in all patients. There were no significant complications. Rigid bronchoscopy with silicon stent placement is an effective and suitable method of relieving the distressing symptoms due to benign or malignant airway obstruction.

Therapeutic Rigid Bronchoscopy Intervention for Malignant Central Airway Obstruction Improves Performance Status to Allow Systemic Treatment.

Malignant central airway obstruction may result in an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) that precludes treatment with systemic therapies. We sought to evaluate outcomes of patients undergoing rigid bronchoscopy for malignant central airways obstruction (MCAO) and its effect on access to systemic therapies including immunotherapy. We conducted a retrospective observational single-center study evaluating 77 consecutive patients who underwent rigid bronchoscopy from March 2015 to November 2019. Procedural details, preprocedural and postprocedural ECOG PS, complications, and proportions of patients receiving systemic therapy postprocedure were recorded. The majority of patients were ECOG PS 2 to 3 at diagnosis (62%). The most common indication was MCAO due to squamous cell carcinoma (35.1%). MCAO was managed with a debulking/dilatation procedure alone (51.9%) or in combination with stenting (48.1%). The laser was unavailable, electrocautery was used for hemostasis only not tumor ablation. Significant improvement in ECOG PS postprocedure in the group with baseline ECOG PS 3 to 4 (P<0.0001) and in those with baseline ECOG PS 0 to 4 (P<0.00001) was observed. The main complication was bleeding, controlled bronchoscopically with mechanical compression with a rigid bronchoscope and/or electrocautery (68.8% of patients). No deaths occurred. Overall, 70% of those presenting with ECOG 3 to 4 went onto receive systemic therapies that would have been contraindicated due to poor baseline ECOG PS. Therapeutic rigid bronchoscopy is safe and efficacious in the management of MCAO, improving ECOG PS allowing for the administration of systemic therapies. This is especially important in the era of immunotherapy and directed therapies, which have been shown to provide significant survival benefit over conventional therapies alone.

The role of rigid bronchoscopy in complex airway disorders

Rigid bronchoscopy is a diagnostic and therapeutic tool used to treat complex airways disorders. It plays a central role in the management of central airway obstruction caused by benign or malignant diseases; and requires close cooperation between the bronchoscopist and the anesthesiologist as they share the same operative field. Rigid bronchoscopy requires deep sedation or general anesthesia, intubation with the rigid bronchoscope and adequate oxygenation and ventilation during the procedure. The choice of ventilation techniques include apneic oxygenation, spontaneous assisted ventilation, controlled ventilation and jet ventilation. Rigid bronchoscopy is used to relieve respiratory symptoms due to airway obstruction by dilation for a tracheal stenosis or the mechanical debulking of endoluminal tumours, and supporting the airway by the placement of an endoluminal stent. Two types of stents are currently in use: silicone stents and metal stents with different lengths, diameters and shape configurations. They can significantly improve patients symptoms and their quality of life. Therapeutic rigid bronchoscopy, performed in appropriately selected patients and by skilled operators is effective and has a low morbidity rate.

Rigid bronchoscopic interventions for central airway obstruction - An observational study.

Background:Central airway obstruction (CAO) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with thoracic malignancies. In this prospective study, we describe the role of rigid bronchoscopy (RB) in the multimodality management of CAO.Methods:Prospective description of different rigid bronchoscopic techniques used for CAO between July 2016 and July 2019.Results:A total of 152 procedures (124 therapeutic/palliative and 28 diagnostics) in 111 adults and 10 pediatric patients were performed. The mean age in 111 adults (66 males) and 10 pediatric (5 males) patients were 45.4 ± 15.8 (range 16–80) and 5.4 ± 3.6 (range 1–10) years, respectively. Palliation of the airway obstruction (48.8%) and establishment of diagnosis (23.2%) were the main indications of RB in our study. Mechanical debulking in 53 (57%) and airway dilatation in 40 (43%) patients were the most utilized interventions during the palliative or therapeutic RB. There was a significant decrease in mean (modified Medical Research Council) dyspnea scale from 3.9 ± 1.0 to 1.42 ± 0.63 and increase in mean Visual Analogue Scale from 2.06 ± 0.74 to 8.7 ± 0.54 after the procedure (P < 0.0001). Additional therapy was undertaken in 38 (31.4%) of 121 patients, and surgical excision was the primary form of definitive treatment in 17 patients Moderate bleeding was encountered in 13.3% of the procedures mainly in the diagnostic RB. The mean procedure duration was 28.4 (range, 11–49) min and 13.2 (7–22) min in the adults and pediatric patients, respectively. A total of 31 patients succumbed to the illness due to the progressive nature of their disease.Conclusions:An individualized approach to interventional procedures is safe and effective way to achieve and maintain palliation of CAO. RB with multimodality treatment achieves the goal in majority of the patients.

Evaluation of Safety and Short-term Outcomes of Therapeutic Rigid Bronchoscopy Using Total Intravenous Anesthesia and Spontaneous Assisted Ventilation

Background: There is a paucity of published data regarding the optimal type of anesthesia and ventilation strategies during rigid bronchoscopy. Objective: The aim of our study is to report the procedural and anesthesia-related complications with rigid bronchoscopy using total intravenous anesthesia and spontaneous assisted ventilation. Methods: A retrospective review of patients undergoing therapeutic rigid bronchoscopy at the University of Chicago between October 2012 and December 2014 was performed. Data were recorded relating to patients’ demographics, comorbidities, type of anesthesia, need for neuromuscular blockade (NMB), intraoperative hypoxemia, hypotension, perioperative adverse events, and mortality. Results: Fifty-five patients underwent 79 rigid bronchoscopy procedures; 90% were performed for malignant disease and 90% of patients had an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class III or IV. The majority (76%) did not require use of NMB. The most common adverse events were intraoperative hypoxemia (67%) and hypotension (77%). Major bleeding and postoperative respiratory failure occurred in 3.8 and 5.1% of procedures, respectively. There was no intraoperative mortality or cardiac dysrhythmias. The 30-day mortality was 7.6% and was associated with older age, inpatient status, congestive heart failure, home oxygen use, and procedural duration. Intraoperative hypoxemia, hypotension, and ASA class were not associated with 30-day mortality. The majority (94%) of patients were discharged home. The use of NMB did not impact outcomes. Conclusions: This study suggests that therapeutic rigid bronchoscopy can be safely performed with total intravenous anesthesia and spontaneous assisted ventilation in patients with central airway obstruction, significant comorbidities, and a high ASA class. The only significant modifiable variable predicting the 30-day mortality was the duration of the procedure.

Ketamine and propofol infusion for therapeutic rigid bronchoscopy in a patient with central airway obstruction.

Ketamine and propofol infusion for therapeutic rigid bronchoscopy in a patient with central airway obstruction.

Bending of an Aspirated Pin During Rigid Bronchoscopy: Safeguards and Pitfalls.

Pin aspiration is a common problem in Muslim countries, where many women wear veils (hijab). This condition is usually treated using either a rigid or a flexible bronchoscope, and yet occasionally requires surgical approach. Pin bending may be necessary to extract impacted pins during the therapeutic rigid bronchoscopy. Medical records of patients who had pins extracted with a bending technique during the period from January 2012 to December 2016 in 1 institution were analyzed. Information on intraoperative and postoperative complications was collected. Between 2012 and 2016, 315 rigid bronchoscopies were performed for pin extraction; in 38 cases, bending of the pin was required for the extraction because they were in a position that did not allow simple extraction. The procedure was successful in cases and there were no major complications. The extraction of visible, distally located or impacted pins can be safely performed by experienced bronchoscopists using the bending technique. Some safeguards and pitfalls must be noted to ensure maximum safety.

P1.12-004 Therapeutic Rigid Bronchoscopy for the Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Locally advanced airway obstructive NSCLC poses serious management challenges for oncologist due to coexisting obstructive pneumonia and hypoxemia. Although rigid bronchoscopic techniques have been largely replaced by flexible bronchoscopy in this century, therapeutic rigid bronchoscopy remains an important tool in the management of airway obstruction.

Bronchoscopic management of critical central airway obstruction by thyroid cancer: Combination airway stenting using tracheal and inverted-Y carinal self-expanding metallic stents.

Central airway obstruction (CAO) can result from various benign and malignant etiologies. Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is the most aggressive form of thyroid cancer. Rapid airway compromise is the main cause of death in ATC. We report a patient with ATC who presented with a large neck mass leading to CAO with long segment tracheal and right main bronchial compression and respiratory failure. Urgent Rigid Bronchoscopy was performed for airway stabilization and patient was managed with a combination airway stenting approach. A combination of self expanding, metallic, covered inverted Y and straight tracheal stents was used to stabilize the near complete airway structure. We herein highlight the role of therapeutic rigid bronchoscopy with airway stenting as an efficacious treatment modality for management of malignant CAO.

Therapeutic Bronchoscopy Improves Spirometry, Quality of Life, and Survival in Central Airway Obstruction

Background: Central airway obstruction (CAO) occurs in patients with primary or metastatic lung malignancy and nonmalignant pulmonary disorders and results in significant adverse effects on respiratory function and quality of life. Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the effect of therapeutic bronchoscopic interventions on spirometry, dyspnea, quality of life, and survival in patients with CAO. Methods: We prospectively studied patients who underwent therapeutic rigid bronchoscopy for CAO. Spirometry, San Diego Shortness of Breath questionnaire (SOBQ), and SF-36 questionnaire responses were obtained before the procedure and at follow-up 6-8 weeks after the procedure. Results: Fifty-three patients (24 malignant and 29 nonmalignant CAO), who underwent successful rigid bronchoscopic intervention, were enrolled. Airway stent placement and various debulking techniques including mechanical debridement and heat therapy were used. After bronchoscopy, there was a significant increase in forced vital capacity (2.2 ± 0.91 l before, 2.7 ± 0.80 l after, p = 0.009) and forced expiratory volume at 1 s (1.4 ± 0.60 l before, 1.8 ± 0.67 l after, p = 0.002). The SOBQ score improved from 55.8 ± 30.1 before the procedure to 37.9 ± 27.25 after the procedure (p = 0.002). In the SF-36, there was an improvement in almost all domains, with statistically significant improvement seen in several domains. Benefits were seen independent of the etiology of CAO, site of intervention or stent placement. The patients with malignant CAO, in whom airway patency could not be achieved, had a poor survival. Conclusions: Alleviation of CAO with therapeutic rigid bronchoscopy results in improvement in spirometry, shortness of breath, quality of life, and survival.

Evaluation of bronchoscopic placement of tracheobronchial silicone stents: an Ain Shams University Hospital experience

Therapeutic rigid bronchoscopy with tracheobronchial stenting using silicone stents is a well-established procedure in the management of malignant and benign tracheobronchial stenosis. However, there is limited experience with this technique in Egypt. This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the results of our experience with bronchoscopic placement of tracheobronchial silicone stents. Between January 2007 and December 2011, 44 Dumon stents were inserted in the central airways of 40 patients using rigid bronchoscopy under general anesthesia. Data related to stent application were collected from patient’s records. Of the 40 patients with either benign (20) or malignant (20) tracheal stenosis, stents were indicated in stabilizing airway patency after tumor debulking, counteracting extrinsic compression, sealing malignant fistulas, and treating complex-type benign strictures in 22.5, 27.5, 7.5, and 42.5% of patients, respectively. One stent was placed in 36 (90%) patients and two stents in four (10%) patients. Four (10%) patients required two stent procedures for adequate airway stabilization. Procedural complication in the form of trivial perforation of the bronchial wall occurred in one (2.5%) patient. Stent migration occurred in 10% of the patients, granuloma formation in 17.5%, tumor ingrowth in 7.5%, and stent obstruction by mucus secretions in 7.5% during the first 3 months after stent insertion, with an overall complication rate of 45%. All complications were non-life-threatening and all were reversibly managed. There was no mortality resulting from stent placement recorded during the first 3 months after stent insertion. This study showed that bronchoscopic placement of Dumon silicone tracheobronchial stent is easily applied and effective in the maintenance of airway patency in malignant and benign tracheobronchial stenosis. Non-life-threatening stent-related complications occur but are easily managed. Egypt J Broncho 2014 8:38–43

Therapeutic rigid bronchoscopy at a tertiary care center in North India: Initial experience and systematic review of Indian literature

Background and Aim:Rigid bronchoscopy is often an indispensable procedure in the therapeutic management of a wide variety of tracheobronchial disorders. However, it is performed at only a few centers in adult patients in India. Herein, we report our initial 1-year experience with this procedure.Materials and Methods:A prospective observational study on the indications, outcomes, and safety of various rigid bronchoscopy procedures performed between November 2009 and October 2010. Improvement in dyspnea, cough, and the overall quality of life was recorded on a visual analog scale from 0 to 100 mm. A systematic review of PubMed was performed to identify studies reporting the use of rigid bronchoscopy from India.Results:Thirty-eight rigid bronchoscopies (50 procedures) were performed in 19 patients during the study period. The commonest indication was benign tracheal stenosis followed by central airway tumor, and the procedures performed were rigid bronchoplasty, tumor debulking, and stent placement. The median procedure duration was 45 (range, 30-65) min. There was significant improvement in quality of life associated with therapeutic rigid bronchoscopy. Minor procedural complications were encountered in 18 bronchoscopies, and there was no procedural mortality. The systematic review identified 15 studies, all on the role of rigid bronchoscopy in foreign body removal.Conclusions:Rigid bronchoscopy is a safe and effective modality for treatment of a variety of tracheobronchial disorders. There is a dire need of rigid bronchoscopy training at teaching hospitals in India.

Necrotizing Tracheitis Secondary to Corynebacterium Species Presenting With Central Airway Obstruction

Pseudomembranous necrotizing tracheitis is a rare cause of life-threatening central airway obstruction. Patients present with hoarseness, cough, dyspnea, wheezing, stridor, and occasionally with respiratory failure. Diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion, and should be confirmed with a comprehensive bronchoscopy and biopsy. For patients with signs and symptoms of airway obstruction, a therapeutic rigid bronchoscopy with mechanical debridement is recommended. We present a rare case of necrotizing tracheitis secondary to Corynebacterium species, which caused life-threatening airway obstruction in an adult.

Rigid Bronchoscopy for Malignant Central Airway Obstruction from Small Cell Lung Cancer Complicated by SVC Syndrome

Central airway obstruction (CAO) and superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome are potentially life-threatening complications in locally advanced lung cancer. Therapeutic rigid bronchoscopy has become an critical component in the treatment of the lung cancer patients with CAO who are not surgical candidates. However, the technique may pose significant risks in patients with coexisting SVC syndrome, especially, and even more so perhaps in patients over the age of eighty. In this case report, we address the potential risks and known benefits of therapeutic bronchoscopic intervention in an 85-year-old man with small cell lung cancer who presented with acute dyspnea secondary to advanced SVC syndrome and CAO involving the lower trachea and right main bronchus. Emergent therapeutic rigid bronchoscopy resulted in a marked improvement, in dyspnea, atelectasis, and postobstructive pneumonia, allowing rapid administration of systemic chemotherapy.

Airway Stabilization With Silicone Stents for Treating Adult Tracheobronchomalacia: A Prospective Observational Study

Rationale It is postulated that in patients with severe tracheobronchomalacia (TBM), airway stabilization with stents may relieve symptoms. Objectives To evaluate the effect of silicone stents (tracheal, mainstem bronchus, or both) on symptoms, quality of life, lung function, and exercise capacity in these patients. Methods A prospective observational study in which baseline measurements were compared to those obtained 10 to 14 days after stent placement. Measurements and main results Of 75 referred patients, 58 had severe disease and underwent therapeutic rigid bronchoscopy with stent placement. Mean age was 69 years (range, 39 to 91 years), 34 were men, 33 had COPD, and 13 had asthma. Almost all patients (n = 57) had dyspnea as a sole symptom or in combination with cough and recurrent infections; four patients required mechanical ventilation for respiratory failure. In 45 of 58 patients, there was reported symptomatic improvement; quality of life scores improved in 19 of 27 patients (p = 0.002); dyspnea scores improved in 22 of 24 patients (p = 0.001); functional status scores improved in 18 of 26 patients (p = 0.002); and mean exercise capacity improved from baseline, although not significantly. The 49 complications included mainly 21 partial stent obstructions, 14 infections, and 10 stent migrations. Most patients with concomitant COPD also improved on most measures. Conclusions In the short term, airway stabilization with silicone stents in patients with severe TBM can improve respiratory symptoms, quality of life, and functional status. Coexisting COPD is not an absolute contraindication to a stenting trial in this population. Stenting is associated with a high number of short-term and long-term but generally reversible complications. It is postulated that in patients with severe tracheobronchomalacia (TBM), airway stabilization with stents may relieve symptoms. To evaluate the effect of silicone stents (tracheal, mainstem bronchus, or both) on symptoms, quality of life, lung function, and exercise capacity in these patients. A prospective observational study in which baseline measurements were compared to those obtained 10 to 14 days after stent placement. Of 75 referred patients, 58 had severe disease and underwent therapeutic rigid bronchoscopy with stent placement. Mean age was 69 years (range, 39 to 91 years), 34 were men, 33 had COPD, and 13 had asthma. Almost all patients (n = 57) had dyspnea as a sole symptom or in combination with cough and recurrent infections; four patients required mechanical ventilation for respiratory failure. In 45 of 58 patients, there was reported symptomatic improvement; quality of life scores improved in 19 of 27 patients (p = 0.002); dyspnea scores improved in 22 of 24 patients (p = 0.001); functional status scores improved in 18 of 26 patients (p = 0.002); and mean exercise capacity improved from baseline, although not significantly. The 49 complications included mainly 21 partial stent obstructions, 14 infections, and 10 stent migrations. Most patients with concomitant COPD also improved on most measures. In the short term, airway stabilization with silicone stents in patients with severe TBM can improve respiratory symptoms, quality of life, and functional status. Coexisting COPD is not an absolute contraindication to a stenting trial in this population. Stenting is associated with a high number of short-term and long-term but generally reversible complications.

Foreign body in children’s airways

OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical characteristics and the results of bronchoscopic treatment of children due to foreign body aspiration in a university hospital. METHOD: Time series of children who underwent bronchoscopies for foreign bodies aspirated into the airway between March 1993 and July 2002. Each patient was analyzed for age, sex, initial clinical diagnosis, nature and location of the foreign body, duration of symptoms between aspiration and bronchoscopy, radiological findings, results of bronchoscopic removal, complications of bronchoscopy and presence of foreign bodies in the airways. RESULTS: Thirty-four children, 20 (59%) boys, ages ranging from nine months to nine years (median = 23 months). In 32 (94%) children the foreign body was removed by rigid bronchoscope, and two resulted in thoracotomy. Foreign bodies were more frequent in children under three years of age (66%). A clinical history of foreign body inhalation was obtained in 27 (80%) cases. Most of the foreign bodies removed were organic (65%) and more frequently found in the right bronchial tree (59%). Foreign bodies were removed within 24 hours in 18 (53%) cases. The most frequent radiographic findings were: unilateral air trapping, atelectasis and radiopac foreign body. Major bronchoscopy complications occurred in seven children (22%), and there were no deaths. CONCLUSIONS: More attention is necessary to the respiratory symptoms of aspirations, mainly in boys at early ages, with clinical history and compatible radiological findings. Most foreign bodies removed were of organic nature. In this case series, therapeutic rigid bronchoscopy was effective with few complications.

Absence of bacterial colonization of the airways after therapeutic rigid bronchoscopy without stenting.

Following airway stenting, bacterial colonization of the airways with potentially pathogenic micro-organisms occurs within 4 weeks after treatment in the majority of patients. The objective of this study was to prospectively investigate whether nonstenting therapeutic rigid bronchoscopy (using laser, cryotherapy, mechanical dilatation or debridement) is followed by airway colonization or infection. Protected specimen brush sampling of the central airways and quantitative culture were performed immediately prior to, and 4 weeks after nonstenting therapeutic rigid bronchoscopy in 20 consecutive patients with central airway lesions. Prior to therapeutic bronchoscopy, airway colonization/infection was present in nine of 20 (45%) patients. In these nine patients, 10 different potential pathogens were identified: Streptococcus pneumoniae (four cases), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (three), Haemophilus influenzae (two), and Serratia marcescens (one). Eight of these nine patients had a history of postobstructive infections, of which three were currently being treated with antibiotics. Four weeks following therapeutic bronchoscopy, airway colonization/infection was present in five of 20 (25%) patients, each of whom had airway colonization/infection prior to bronchoscopy. In three of these five patients, the same organisms were found 4 weeks after bronchoscopy as at baseline bronchoscopy. In two of five patients new organisms were identified: one case of Streptococcus viridans and one case of Haemophilus parainfluenzae, both considered to be nonpathogens. In four of nine patients with airway colonization/infection prior to bronchoscopy, the airways were clear of micro-organisms after the procedure. The authors conclude that: 1) nonstenting therapeutic rigid bronchoscopy is not complicated by airway colonization or infection by new potential pathogens; and 2) therapeutic rigid bronchoscopy led to clearing of airway colonization/infection in almost half of the patients studied.

Therapeutic Rigid Bronchoscopy Allows Level of Care Changes in Patients With Acute Respiratory Failure From Central Airways Obstruction

To determine whether emergency rigid bronchoscopic intervention, including Nd-YAG laser resection or stenting, immediately affected the need for continued mechanical ventilation or intensive care level of support in critically ill patients with acute respiratory failure from malignant or benign central airways obstruction. Retrospective review of medical records of all patients with acute respiratory failure and malignant or benign tracheobronchial obstruction necessitating intubation, mechanical ventilation, or hospitalization in the ICU prior to referral for therapeutic bronchoscopy. University of California San Diego, a tertiary care institution specialized in airway management. Medical records of 32 patients with malignant or benign central airways obstruction requiring admission to the ICU prior to rigid bronchoscopic intervention between January 1994 and April 1996. Emergent rigid bronchoscopy with dilatation, Nd-YAG laser resection, or silicone stent insertion performed in the operating room under general anesthesia. Thirty-two patients with central airways obstruction requiring emergent hospitalization in the ICU were referred for therapeutic rigid bronchoscopy. Airway strictures were caused by benign disease in 18 patients, and by primary bronchogenic lung cancer in 14. Of the 19 patients who were mechanically ventilated, bronchoscopic intervention allowed immediate discontinuation of mechanical ventilation in 10 (52.6%). Twenty-five patients had indwelling artificial airways (12 endotracheal tubes, 13 tracheotomy tubes). Two, however, were considered tracheotomy-dependent because of neuromuscular disease. Of the remaining 23 patients, immediate extubation or decannulation was possible in seven (30.4%). Of seven patients with no indwelling airway, five (71.4%) were immediately transferred to a lower level of care after intervention. Of the 32 total patients, 20 (62.5%) were immediately transferred to a lower level of care immediately after intervention. Emergency laser resection or stent insertion can favorably affect health-care utilization in patients with acute respiratory distress from central airways obstruction. Treatment may be lifesaving and allows successful withdrawal from mechanical ventilation, hospitalization in a lower level of care environment, relief of symptoms, and extended survival in critically ill patients. In patients with regionally advanced cancer, the palliative nature of this procedure postpones death by respiratory distress and may prompt consideration for institution of conservative comfort measures to reduce patient suffering.