Theory Study Research Articles

Interrogating Democracy, Education, and Modern White Supremacy: A (Re)Constitution Toward Racially Just Democratic Teacher Education

Background/Context: Almost 100 years ago, John Dewey advocated for a democratic U.S. educational system, one that echoed the tenets of the U.S. Constitution and achieved an ethical ideal by inviting participation of all students. Yet the U.S. educational system continues to stop short of this goal insofar as students of Color—especially those in urban school districts—disproportionately face obstacles not so encountered by white students. Purpose/Focus of Study: If democracy in the United States is characterized by freedom, equality, and liberty, the inherent question is whether these rights are enjoyed in equivalent degrees among all citizens against the context of white nationalist marches, police brutality, racially targeted mass shootings, and racial bias in education and society. Setting: Despite historical strides in civil rights, today’s United States has become increasingly racialized and—some would argue—indicative of a neo-fascist climate wherein whiteness and white supremacy prevail. Subjects: How does this racial tension manifest in teacher education, a field in which racialized whiteness is already so “overwhelming” and most teacher candidates are white? What is the current state of “democratic” education in the United States given the historical bias against students of Color? Can schools, educators, and advocates achieve Dewey’s democratic ideal? Research Design: Using critical race theory and critical studies of whiteness, we theoretically explore a new “constitution” for the state of education, specifically teacher education, in today’s climate to posit whether democratic education can truly exist in the midst of systemic racism. Conclusion/Recommendations: We consider examples from within both teacher education and U.S. society writ large to show associations among attitudes, dispositions, and ideologies as aligned with racialized whiteness and then offer more just recommendations for educators attempting to resist racism in order to create a more democratic educational space.

Analysis of Economic Structural Transformation and Leading Sectors in Bali, Indonesia

This research aims to analyze the shifts in the economy's structure and the leading sectors used as economic prospects in the developmental sector other than tourism in Bali. The study of theories and concepts used includes the theory of economic growth. The data were analyzed using economic sector contribution techniques (Location Quotient), GRM (Growth Ratio Model), and Overlay Analysis. The results show a shift in the economy's structure from the primary to the tertiary sector. The leading sectors in Bali are transportation and warehousing; provision of accommodation and food and beverages; information and communication; financial and insurance services; real estate; education services; health services and social activities; and other services. The government needs to develop a base sector to encourage economic movements and create a multiplier effect. This research is expected to be an input for the government in the form of policy advice in preparing regional development plans and policies.

Optimizing cardio, hepato and phospholipidosis toxicity of the Bedaquiline by chemoinformatics and molecular modelling approach

ABSTRACT The FDA granted expedited approval for Johnson and Johnson’s Bedaquiline to treat pulmonary multidrug resistant tuberculosis on 28 December 2012 which is more common in China, Russian Federation and India. Bedaquiline is the first anti-tubercular drug approved by the FDA in the last 40 years, and it has become a cynosure in the circles of synthetic chemists researching new anti-tubercular drugs. Bedaquiline’s highly lipophilic nature raises major concerns like suppression of the hERG gene, hepatotoxicity, and phospholipidosis despite its potential antitubercular profile. To address these toxicity concerns, in the present work, we have employed the structural optimization of Bedaquiline using the ADMETopt web server, which optimizes lead with scaffold hopping and ADMET screening. The ADMETopt web server yielded the 476 structures through optimization of three sites in Bedaquiline. Further, we have validated the optimized structures for their activity by performing molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations against the mycobacterial ATP synthase enzyme and density functional theory (DFT) study further provides insight into the reactivity of the compounds. After screening and analysis, compound #449 was observed to be the most promising mycobacterial ATP synthase inhibitor with minimal cardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and phospholipidosis.

Propagation Prediction of Body Waves in Fluid-Saturated Soils with Flow-Independent Viscosity

A systematic study of wave theory in thermoviscoelastic soil is essential for engineering applications such as geophysical exploration. In the present work, the influences of flow-independent viscosity of the soil skeleton and the thermal effect on elastic waves are considered, and the propagation behaviors of body waves in thermoviscoelastic saturated soil are investigated. Firstly, the thermoviscoelastic dynamic coupling model of saturated soil were established by employing the Biot model, the generalized thermoelastic theory, and the Kelvin–Voigt linear viscoelastic model. Secondly, the dispersion equations of body waves in thermoviscoelastic saturated soil were theoretically derived with structural symmetry considered. Finally, the variations of wave velocity and the attenuation coefficient of the body waves with the thermophysical parameters are discussed. The results revealed that the enhancement of the relaxation time of soil caused an increase of wave velocity and the attenuation coefficient of P1, P2, and S waves, and a decrease of the wave velocity and attenuation coefficient of the thermal wave. Different ranges of the permeability coefficient and frequency have different effects on the P1, P2, and S waves. The variation of thermal conductivity and the phase-lags of heat flux and temperature gradient only affect the thermal wave.

Mixed Nash equilibria for continuous games and reverse mathematics

The program reverse mathematics seeks to identify the minimal axioms needed to prove theorems of ordinary mathematics. In this paper, we develop the reverse mathematics of measure theory and apply these results to the reverse mathematics study of game theory. We address the technical issue of how to develop product measures in reverse mathematics, including formalizing Fubini’s thoerem. We show that weak compactness of probability measures on a compact space is equivalent to arithmetical comprehension over RCA0. The forward direction is again slightly technical. As an application of these results, we prove in ACA0 that any continuous game has a mixed Nash equilibrium.

Density Functional Theory Description of Paramagnetic Hexagonal Close-Packed Iron.

The hexagonal close-packed (hcp) phase of iron is unstable under ambient conditions. The limited amount of existing experimental data for this system has been obtained by extrapolating the parameters of hcp Fe–Mn alloys to pure Fe. On the theory side, most density functional theory (DFT) studies on hcp Fe have considered non-magnetic or ferromagnetic states, both having limited relevance in view of the current understanding of the system. Here, we investigate the equilibrium properties of paramagnetic hcp Fe using DFT modelling in combination with alloy theory. We show that the theoretical equilibrium and the equation of state of hcp Fe become consistent with the experimental values when the magnetic disorder is properly accounted for. Longitudinal spin fluctuation effects further improve the theoretical description. The present study provides useful data on hcp Fe at ambient and hydrostatic pressure conditions, contributing largely to the development of accurate thermodynamic modelling of Fe-based alloys.

A behavioural correlate of the synaptic eligibility trace in the nucleus accumbens

Reward reinforces the association between a preceding sensorimotor event and its outcome. Reinforcement learning (RL) theory and recent brain slice studies explain the delayed reward action such that synaptic activities triggered by sensorimotor events leave a synaptic eligibility trace for 1 s. The trace produces a sensitive period for reward-related dopamine to induce synaptic plasticity in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). However, the contribution of the synaptic eligibility trace to behaviour remains unclear. Here we examined a reward-sensitive period to brief pure tones with an accurate measurement of an effective timing of water reward in head-fixed Pavlovian conditioning, which depended on the plasticity-related signaling in the NAc. We found that the reward-sensitive period was within 1 s after the pure tone presentation and optogenetically-induced presynaptic activities at the NAc, showing that the short reward-sensitive period was in conformity with the synaptic eligibility trace in the NAc. These findings support the application of the synaptic eligibility trace to construct biologically plausible RL models.

Development of a model for the evaluation of compost supply–demand dynamics: theory and case study in an area of Rabat region, Morocco

Development of a model for the evaluation of compost supply–demand dynamics: theory and case study in an area of Rabat region, Morocco

Facilitating international animal welfare standards implementation in national contexts: The role of intermediaries in Brazilian pig production

International agreements have been adopted in recent years to disseminate animal welfare standards worldwide, similar to the situation for environmental and social sustainability standards. Scholars who have analyzed such initiatives argue that this calls for contextualized strategies for a successful implementation of international animal welfare standards in specific settings, also emphasizing the relevance of individuals and institutions who function as intermediaries in these complex situations of change. However, previous studies do not provide empirical insights into how different intermediaries work in relation to international animal welfare standards implementation in national contexts. Focusing empirically on the implementation of EU animal welfare directives in Brazilian pig production, this paper aims to connect the standards implementation and intermediation literatures to deepen the understanding of how a network of intermediaries formed and acted as an ‘ecology of intermediaries’ to facilitate the implementation process for international animal welfare standards. The paper aims to enrich debates on how to develop contextualized strategies that can translate recognized international regulations into practical animal welfare improvements. Our findings provide evidence that collective intermediation efforts are pivotal in addressing demands (such as translation, adaptation, regulation) that emerge from the complex situation of change provoked by the implementation of international animal welfare standards in national contexts. The main implication of our study for theory on standards implementation is that the operationalization of a contextualized strategy linked to international animal welfare standards implementation is composed of a normative dimension and a technological dimension and that, to achieve their desired outcome, contextualized strategies also rely on connected and complementary intermediation actions.

Consilience of Reductionism and Complexity Theory in Language Research: Adaptive Weight Model

Reductionism and complexity theory are two paradigms frequently found in language research. There exist a number of conflicts in terms of concepts and methodologies between reductionism and complexity theory, which are not conducive to creating a unified language research framework. This paper starts by discussing the adaptability of complex dynamic systems and combines cognitive processing model and artificial neural networks to construct and verify an adaptive weight model, showing that the study of reductionism is induction of high-weight elements and the study of complexity theory is a discussion of system complexity from adaptability, meaning that there is a good fit between the two frameworks. The adaptive weight model is conducive to developing a unified interpretation of language research results.

The Flux Ratio of the [OIII]λλ5007,4959 Doublet with Redshift

As a test of the time symmetry of forbidden-line emission processes, we measured the [OIII]λλ4959 and 5007 emission lines of more than 12,000 galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey DR8 to examine the [OIII]λλ4959,5007 flux ratio as a function of redshift z. Using two different approaches, we fitted each line with a Gaussian curve and rejected any spectrum not conforming to requirements of line symmetry, S/N levels, and continuum fit. We found the variance in the ratio of flux to be between 4.7 and −3.3% for 0<z<0.433 which is consistent with no change. After correcting for systematic effects of noise, we found the mean value of the [OIII]λλ4959,5007 flux ratio to be 2.98 ± 0.01 which is consistent with theory and previous studies using AGN spectra. We also used these data to estimate an upper limit on the time dependence of the fine structure constant α of Δα/α(0)<1.4×10−5 for galaxies within the same redshift range. This corresponds to |α−1dα/dt|<2×10−15 yr−1, which is also in line with previous estimates from SDSS QSO data.

Homotopical Analysis of 4d Chern-Simons Theory and Integrable Field Theories

This paper provides a detailed study of 4-dimensional Chern-Simons theory on mathbb {R}^2times mathbb {C}P^1 for an arbitrary meromorphic 1-form omega on mathbb {C}P^1. Using techniques from homotopy theory, the behaviour under finite gauge transformations of a suitably regularised version of the action proposed by Costello and Yamazaki is investigated. Its gauge invariance is related to boundary conditions on the surface defects located at the poles of omega that are determined by isotropic Lie subalgebras of a certain defect Lie algebra. The groupoid of fields satisfying such a boundary condition is proved to be equivalent to a groupoid that implements the boundary condition through a homotopy pullback, leading to the appearance of edge modes. The latter perspective is used to clarify how integrable field theories arise from 4-dimensional Chern-Simons theory.

Etnomathematic Analysis: Implementation Of The Ecentric Digraph In Determining The Ka'ba As Center Of The Earth

The Rajaban tradition is a tradition of religious rituals as an expression of gratitude and moments to commemorate historical events, one of which is the change in the direction of Qibla from Baitul Maqdis to the Kaaba in Mecca. Based on these problems, in this article, it is shown by using the study of Graph Theory, namely the eccentric digraph to determine the center of the earth's region. Data processing is done by making the Kaaba and the seven continents on the earth's surface as a point on graph G and the side connecting the points is the distance (in km) with physical boundaries between them being considered non-existent. The results of the discussion show that the Kaaba in Mecca is the center of the earth's area with ec(v1) = 12,039 = rad(G).

Новые формы объединений на принципах кооперации в развитии органического сельского хозяйства

The article reflects the results of scientific research on the theory and practice of cooperation development in the conditions of competition and the course towards export-oriented, organic agriculture, activation of diversification processes, non-productive activities in rural areas. Evolutionary new forms of responsible cooperation, prerequisites and foundations for the formation of ecological and socially oriented clusters are shown. The relevance and novelty of the work lies in the study of theory and practice, prospects for cooperation in the context of the development of export-oriented, organic agriculture, the activation of diversification processes, technological and organizational innovations, the formation of environmental and socially oriented clusters in the conditions of the COVID crisis of 2019 - 2021. The purpose of the study is to identify the prospects and mechanisms for achieving the competitiveness of rural producers of organic products and increasing the socio-economic efficiency of their activities based on the development of forms of cooperation, diversification, organic agriculture, the formation of ecological, socially-oriented clusters in rural areas. Using the example of the Altai Territory, the advantages of cooperation for the organization and management of organic agriculture, the processes of unrelated diversification in the agro-industrial complex of the resort and recreation center, the creation of a resort and agricultural cluster, for the preservation and development of rural areas are shown.

CONVERGENCE OF REPORTING ON QUALITY COSTS AND THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT REPORTS OF MACHINE-BUILDING ENTERPRISES

The convergence of reporting information on quality costs and reporting on sustainable development of machine-building enterprises, the study of theories and terminology of corporate social responsibility and the role of quality costs in its context as well as reporting standards in the field of sustainable development regarding disclosure of non-financial information. Methodology. Analysis of the theoretical foundations and terminology of corporate social responsibility and the role of quality costs in its section, reporting standards in the field of sustainable development regarding the disclosure of non-financial information, the convergence of reporting information on quality costs and reporting using the methods of theoretical generalization, grouping and comparison. The convergence of quality cost reporting and sustainability reporting is based on synthesis and system analysis methodology. Results. The development of theories and terminology of corporate social responsibility and the role of quality costs in its context was summarized. The principles of ensuring sustainability, which include a comprehensive approach to the assessment of management decisions in managing the enterprise and the effective use of all material and non-material resources of the enterprise, were considered. Forecasting a decrease in integral indicators of enterprise sustainability has a direct impact on the number of quality costs. It was established that the traditional financial reporting of enterprises does not disclose all data on quality costs. A comparative characterization of the standards of sustainable development reports regarding the disclosure of non-financial information was carried out. An attempt to converge quality cost reporting and sustainability reporting using internationally recognized sustainability reporting has been made. The conditions for improving analytical support for quality cost management have been determined. The problems of displaying data on quality costs, mainly due to incomplete disclosure of information in the financial statements of enterprises, were identified. The possibilities of expanding reporting information on quality costs in the existing practice of sustainable development reporting were outlined. Scientific novelty. It is proposed to shift from financial accounting to sustainability accounting by adjusting the main reports, which should include profits and losses, to show how quality-related costs and revenues can directly affect the financial performance of the enterprise. Practical significance. The results of this study contain practical recommendations regarding the convergence of reporting information on quality costs and existing reporting on sustainable development in the implementation of economic activities of machine-building enterprises.

МЕТОДИ І АЛГОРИТМ ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ПІДПРИЄМНИЦЬКИХ РИЗИКІВ

Based on the study of theory and practice, the article reveals issues related to methods and algorithm for assessing entrepreneurial risks, as well as presents the relevant conclusions and proposals in this direction, in particular: the choice of tools for assessing (methods and algorithm) of entrepreneurial risks with proper normative and legal regulation is an important stage in the process of entrepreneurial risk management, where quantitative assessment of entrepreneurial risk is in addition to qualitative.

Mamlakhtiyut (Statism) and the Establishment of a National Archive in Israel: A Study in Theory, History, and Practice, from the Late 1940s to the Early 1950s

Mamlakhtiyut (Statism) and the Establishment of a National Archive in Israel: A Study in Theory, History, and Practice, from the Late 1940s to the Early 1950s

ОПТИМІЗАЦІЯ УПРАВЛІНСЬКИХ РІШЕНЬ В УМОВАХ ПІДПРИЄМНИЦЬКОГО РИЗИКУ І НЕВИЗНАЧЕНОСТІ

Based on the study of theory and practice, the article reveals issues related to optimization of management decisions in conditions of entrepreneurial risk and uncertainty, as well as presents the relevant conclusions and proposals in this direction, in particular: optimization of management decisions in conditions of entrepreneurial risk and uncertainty includes the choice of methods and tools for regulating the degree of entrepreneurial risk, as well as economic evaluation of decisions in uncertainty – a set of methods and a system of appropriate techniques to reflect specific production situations in economic indicators of profitability, profitability, costs, unprofitable activities of the entrepreneurial structure.

People Management model from a sustainable approach: theories and reflections

The research describes the people management models from a sustainable approach. Implementing hermeneutics as a methodology, through the study of theories, allowing conceptual analysis, generating reflections and contributions, around the variable of study. The results show the association of innovative, green models, competitive talent with qualities or aptitudes to relearn and that favorably impact the global environment. It is concluded that the impact caused by sustainable factors affect the life of the living being and its environment, influencing new businesses in the market.

ПІДПРИЄМНИЦЬКИЙ І БУХГАЛТЕРСЬКИЙ РИЗИКИ У БІЗНЕС-МОДЕЛІ СУБ’ЄКТА ГОСПОДАРЮВАННЯ

Based on the study of theory and practice, the article reveals issues related to determining the place of entrepreneurial and accounting risks in the business model of a business entity, as well as presents the relevant conclusions and proposals in this direction, in particular: in the aggregate, accounting and entrepreneurial risks in the business model of an enterprise include the risks of inaccurate accounting and reporting on its financial condition, the risks of complete or partial loss by the enterprise of part of its resources, property or cash contribution, shortfall in income, including the risk of bankruptcy, typical for market relations.