Value Theory Research Articles

Understanding User Intention to Adopt Augmented Reality Head-Up Display: A Study Based on Design Factors

Augmented Reality Head-Up Display (AR-HUD) is designed to engender immersive experiences and possess vast potential in enhancing vehicular safety. In the context of advancing digital technologies, the intention to use such innovations represents a significant field of study. Drawing on the Perceived Value Theory and the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) framework, this study formulates a model to evaluate user intentions regarding the use of automotive Augmented Reality Head-Up Display (AR-HUD). This model integrates design elements, including user interface attractiveness, sense of presence, controllability, and responsiveness, along with perceived utilitarian and hedonic values. Through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) of 230 valid questionnaire results, the analysis identifies both utilitarian and hedonic values as pivotal in influencing AR-HUD adoption, with utilitarian value being preeminent. Additionally, it is evidenced that design attributes influence the usage intention via perceived utilitarian and hedonic values. Consequently, this study presents design strategies for auto manufacturers and designers aimed at amplifying the advantages of AR-HUD, thus fostering greater user adoption willingness.

Investigating young consumers’ acceptance of hemp fiber textiles and apparel: an analysis of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling

Purpose Concerns over environmental degradation, alongside the global legalization of hemp cultivation, have prompted applications of hemp-derived textile products. However, research examining consumers’ acceptance of such products is lacking. It is critical to understand how young consumers adopt these products as they prioritize sustainability and lead the future purchasing power. Thus, this study aims to investigate young consumers’ perceptions, attitudes, and purchase intentions regarding hemp fiber textiles and clothing based on the Theory of Consumption Value and the Spiral of Silence Theory. Design/methodology/approach A US-based research company was hired to recruit survey participants, yielding 314 valid data. Data analysis, including Exploratory Factor Analysis and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling, was conducted using the R programming language and RStudio software. Findings Purchase intentions of hemp-based clothing and textiles among young consumers are influenced by attitude, perceived social value and future trend perception. Perceived social value also impacts attitude and future trend perception. High environmental involvement correlates with positive attitudes. Consumers’ subjective knowledge of hemp and objective knowledge regarding hemp fiber impact their perceptions of future trends in such products. Originality/value This research represents a seminal consumer study focusing on the resurgence of industrial hemp fiber textiles and clothing. This study empirically validates the significant role of social factors in young consumer acceptance of such products at both personal and societal levels. This study expands current knowledge and provides actionable insights for practitioners.

During and after COVID-19: understanding entertainment consumption shifts through habit and customer value perspectives

Purpose As situational changes result in changing consumption patterns, this study aims to understand the entertainment consumption shifts during and after the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Particularly, how users’ habits and use behavior have changed and how these constructs subsequently impact their continuance intention has been investigated. The study proposes a research model based on customer value and habit theory. Design/methodology/approach The study proposes a research model based on customer value and habit theory. The data collected during (n = 192) and after (n = 138) COVID-19 situation in the over-the-top (OTT) platforms setting through purposive sampling was analyzed using partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Findings The study elucidates that customer perceived value (utilitarian and hedonic values) impacts habit and continuance intention in different situations: during and after COVID-19. It was also shown that habit partially mediates the influence of utilitarian and hedonic values on continuance intention. Further, the extent of use had a negative moderation effect on the habit-continuance intention relationship during COVID-19 but did not moderate the relationship in the post-COVID-19 situation. Finally, it was demonstrated that the effect of utilitarian value increased, whereas that of hedonic value decreased on the continuance intention of OTT platforms in the after-COVID-19 situation compared to during COVID-19. Practical implications Although set up in the OTT context, the practitioners from other online entertainment services, and any online service in general, may utilize the study findings to reinforce habit and continuance intentions to address unwanted consequences due to situational changes. The study suggests to the OTT service providers ways to facilitate the habit formation of OTT users. The study recommends constant monitoring of the extent of the use of OTT consumers and user engagement tactics for nurturing the OTT consumption habits of heavy users. The recommendations for maintaining and strengthening the perceived value-continuance intention relationship were also made, which would help the OTT service providers immensely. Originality/value The study establishes the mediation effect of habit and the robustness of perceived value in determining continuance intention in varying situations. The results also highlighted the changes in the impact of perceived value and habit on the continuance intention of OTT platforms. The study also advances the literature by demonstrating the differential influence of the extent of use on the habit-continuance intention relationship during and after COVID-19.

Data and contemporary economics: role, paradox and development

PurposeA more accurate comprehension of data elements and the exploration of new laws governing contemporary data in both theoretical and practical domains constitute a significant research topic.Design/methodology/approachBased on the perspective of evolutionary economics, this paper re-examines economic history and existing literature to study the following: changes in the “connotation of production factors” in economics caused by the evolution of production factors; the economic paradoxes formed by data in the context of social production processes and business models, which traditional theoretical frameworks fail to solve; the disruptive innovation of classical theory of value by multiple theories of value determination and the conflicts between the data market monopoly as well as the resulting distribution of value and the real economic society. The research indicates that contemporary advancements in data have catalyzed transformative innovation within the field of economics.FindingsThe research indicates that contemporary advancements in data have catalyzed disruptive innovation in the field of economics.Originality/valueThis paper, grounded in academic research, identifies four novel issues arising from contemporary data that cannot be adequately addressed within the confines of the classical economic theoretical framework.

How hotel VR photography previews enhance customers’ immediate booking intention through mental imagery and perceived value

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine how a hotel virtual reality photography (VRP) preview enhances customers’ immediate booking intention compared to a picture preview. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected using a one-factor between-subject experimental design and time-based systematic sampling. Respondents were asked to read a scenario on an iPad and assess a hotel preview (VRPs vs pictures) before answering the questionnaire. Findings The results show that a hotel VRP preview generates more mental imagery than a picture preview in terms of quantity, vividness, modality and valence. These four dimensions of mental imagery indirectly influence customers’ immediate booking intentions through perceived utilitarian value and hedonic value, among which modality has the greatest influence on utilitarian value and valence has the greatest influence on hedonic value. Moreover, utilitarian value has a stronger impact on customers’ immediate booking intentions than does hedonic value. Originality/value The results obtained in this study contribute to hospitality research by using cognitive consistency theory as the overarching framework, combining mental imagery theory, media richness theory and perceived value theory to explain the mechanism of tourists’ hotel booking decision-making from hotel previews. Comparing this study’s results with previous studies shows the difference in the effects of 360° (head-mounted) videos, VRPs and pictures on evoking mental imagery across tourism and hotel products, updating our knowledge of VR technology in tourism marketing.

Conflicting Consumer Beliefs Influencing Eco‐Innovation Adoption: Motives and Barriers for Accepting the Laser Marking of Organic Products

ABSTRACTIn response to regulatory requirements and consumer demand for sustainable products, producers of organic products are beginning to use laser marking to reduce packaging and, thereby, packaging waste. However, the consumer responses to this “high‐tech” eco‐innovation remain unexplored. Using a mixed‐method approach, we collected qualitative and quantitative data on responses to the laser marking of organic products from 328 French participants. Guided by the theory of consumption values and innovation resistance theory, we conducted a thematic analysis of answers to an open‐ended question which probed consumers' motives for and barriers to adopting laser marking. The most frequently stated motive was ecological benefits, and the most reported barriers were risks and tradition. Structural equation modeling revealed that attitudes toward laser‐marked organic products are positively impacted by social, emotional, and functional values and are negatively impacted by barriers related to images and emotions. Consumers' attitudes toward laser‐marked organic products strongly affect their willingness to buy such products. To increase the acceptance of laser marking, managers and policymakers should mitigate false‐negative consumer perceptions, including doubts about its eco‐friendliness and safety, thereby facilitating greater acceptance of this eco‐innovation.

Exploring the Impact of Trade Credit and Debt on Systemic Risk in the Presence of Financial Distress and Constraints

Based on the extreme value and network contagion theories, this study intends to explore the effects of trade credit, and short/long-term debt on the systemic risk of 205 Pakistani non-financial firms over the period from 2005 to 2021. To evaluate the firms’ systemic contribution and vulnerability, we apply two firm-specific measures, the change in conditional value-at-risk (DCOVAR) and marginal expected shortfall (MES). Our findings reveal a significantly positive impact of trade credit, and short/long-term debt on the systemic contribution and vulnerability of these firms. The findings also indicate that the underlying relationship is significantly moderated by financial distress and financial constraints. Understanding how different forms of debt influence systemic risk can guide policymakers in crafting regulations or interventions to promote a healthier financial environment. Regulators may reevaluate the balance between short/long-term debt usages or develop guidelines for managing trade credit effectively to mitigate systemic risk.

Tail risk transmission between decomposed oil shocks and green finance markets: evidence from an EVT–TVP–VAR approach

ABSTRACT This paper provides a novel framework based on extreme value theory, i.e. the autoregressive conditional Fréchet–time-varying parameters–vector autoregression (AcF–TVP–VAR) framework, to explore the tail risk spillovers between decomposed oil shocks (supply, demand, and risk shocks) and green finance markets. The empirical results reveal that there are significant time-varying tail risk spillovers between the two markets, with spillovers intensifying during extreme events. Additionally, throughout the sample period, supply shock is found to be a net transmitter of tail risk, while clean energy market is a net receiver. Notably, the safe haven properties of green bond market are captured, indicating it can serve as a diversified investment option. The findings are important for financial investors and policymakers.

Extreme value statistics for analysing simulated environmental extremes

AbstractWe present the methods employed by team ‘Uniofbathtopia’ as part of a competition organised for the 13th International Conference on Extreme Value Analysis (EVA2023), including our winning entry for the third sub-challenge. Our approaches unite ideas from extreme value theory, which provides a statistical framework for the estimation of probabilities/return levels associated with rare events, with techniques from unsupervised statistical learning, such as clustering and support identification. The methods are demonstrated on the data provided for the EVA (2023) Conference Data Challenge – environmental data sampled from the fantasy country of ‘Utopia’ – but the underlying assumptions and frameworks should apply in more general settings and applications.

Size scaling of large landslides from incomplete inventories

Abstract. Landslide inventories have become cornerstones for estimating the relationship between the frequency and size of slope failures, thus informing appraisals of hillslope stability, erosion, and commensurate hazard. Numerous studies have reported how larger landslides are systematically rarer than smaller ones, drawing on probability distributions fitted to mapped landslide areas or volumes. In these models, much uncertainty concerns the larger landslides (defined here as affecting areas ≥ 0.1 km2) that are rarely sampled and often projected by extrapolating beyond the observed size range in a given study area. Relying instead on size-scaling estimates from other inventories is problematic because landslide detection and mapping, data quality, resolution, sample size, model choice, and fitting method can vary. To overcome these constraints, we use a Bayesian multi-level model with a generalised Pareto likelihood to provide a single, objective, and consistent comparison grounded in extreme value theory. We explore whether and how scaling parameters vary between 37 inventories that, although incomplete, bring together 8627 large landslides. Despite the broad range of mapping protocols and lengths of record, as well as differing topographic, geological, and climatic settings, the posterior power-law exponents remain indistinguishable between most inventories. Likewise, the size statistics fail to separate known earthquakes from rainfall triggers and event-based triggers from multi-temporal catalogues. Instead, our model identifies several inventories with outlier scaling statistics that reflect intentional censoring during mapping. Our results thus caution against a universal or solely mechanistic interpretation of the scaling parameters, at least in the context of large landslides.

The GARCH-EVT-Copula Approach to Investigating Dependence and Quantifying Risk in a Portfolio of Bitcoin and the South African Rand

This study uses a hybrid model of the exponential generalised auto-regressive conditional heteroscedasticity (eGARCH)-extreme value theory (EVT)-Gumbel copula model to investigate the dependence structure between Bitcoin and the South African Rand, and quantify the portfolio risk of an equally weighted portfolio. The Gumbel copula, an extreme value copula, is preferred due to its versatile ability to capture various tail dependence structures. To model marginals, firstly, the eGARCH(1, 1) model is fitted to the growth rate data. Secondly, a mixture model featuring the generalised Pareto distribution (GPD) and the Gaussian kernel is fitted to the standardised residuals from an eGARCH(1, 1) model. The GPD is fitted to the tails while the Gaussian kernel is used in the central parts of the data set. The Gumbel copula parameter is estimated to be α=1.007, implying that the two currencies are independent. At 90%, 95%, and 99% levels of confidence, the portfolio’s diversification effects (DE) quantities using value at risk (VaR) and expected shortfall (ES) show that there is evidence of a reduction in losses (diversification benefits) in the portfolio compared to the risk of the simple sum of single assets. These results can be used by fund managers, risk practitioners, and investors to decide on diversification strategies that reduce their risk exposure.

Predicting CRM patronage intentions based on Schwartz’s theory of human values: a large-sample study anchored on male fashion leadership

Predicting CRM patronage intentions based on Schwartz’s theory of human values: a large-sample study anchored on male fashion leadership

Cultural Assessment as the Meeting Point in the Dialogue Between Heritage Studies and Architectural Practice—The Adaptive Reuse of Trinity College, Coimbra (Portugal)

More than a century after Riegl took the first steps in the theory of value that characterised the 20th century, conservation is now being challenged from the perspective of understanding heritage intervention projects. Critical transformation of heritage, based on knowledge, modifies the characteristics of what is of value, its significance and its materiality. This work process deals with questions related to citizens’ perceptions, where consensus is sought to agree on what has value in a heritage context and how intervention projects affect this consideration. This article represents a revision of heritage methodology insofar as it establishes a contemporary dialogue between architectural practice and heritage studies through the identification and management of cultural values. It takes as a case study the Trinity College in Coimbra, by Aires Mateus. This work is framed within the declaration of the University of Coimbra as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This methodology can be extrapolated to other case studies, providing a necessary framework for understanding design action in different heritage contexts. This research attempts to equate the heritage asset’s initial values with those generated or activated after the intervention, highlighting the recognition of these values as a key objective of heritage studies and design action.

Modeling of Reversed Fréchet Distribution under Linear Normalizing

Extreme value theory (EVT) is becoming increasingly important as a suitable model of extreme events to represent phenomena in various fields of applications where extreme values may appear and have detrimental effects. In EVT, the Reversed Fréchet (RF) distribution is a special case of the Reversed generalized extreme value distribution (RGEVD) for modeling extreme data under linear normalizing. The purpose of this paper is divided into four objectives: Firstly, we discuss the practical aspects of the two methods that belong to the domain attraction of RF distribution. The second objective is to use RF distribution to model the behavior of two extreme air pollutants. The third objective is based on a diagnostics plot and hypothesis testing used to evaluate an appropriate shape of the tail distribution. Lastly, for the fourth objective, we attempt to obtain the return level period (RLP) that is expected to be exceeded. Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) is derived and used to estimate the parameters of RF distribution. The results show that applications are significant for modeling by RF distribution in all cases of two air pollutants. Software that was used in all computations and graphics is the R statistical program with packages fExtreme and ismev.

A focus group study of students’ expectations of digital onboarding tools in higher education

In higher education, the array of roles performed by digital tools has been increasing rapidly. While some areas of higher education, such as teaching, already employ digital tools, the use of such tools in student onboarding has not yet been thoroughly explored. This study sought to develop a better understanding of student perspectives regarding digital onboarding tools through an investigation that built on the technology acceptance model and expectancy–value theory. The goal was to identify what students expect from digital onboarding tools concerning, for example, content and design. To this end, we examined the data from five focus groups using qualitative content analysis. The results revealed that students expect the design of digital onboarding tools to feature websites that are usable on mobile devices and that such a tool should be readily available for their use independently of time and place. Our study also found that digital onboarding tools can influence students’ motivation to study. The learnings for higher education institutions are that digital onboarding tools should enhance easy information gain and provide opportunities that foster early socialization with fellow students.

What do the sustainable development goals reveal, and are they sufficient for sustainable development?

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted by the United Nations in 2015 represent the current perceptions of humans regarding understanding and monitoring development. Achieving all 17 goals simultaneously is unrealistic. Considering the interconnected nature of SDGs, identifying their critical dimensions, goals, indicators, and mutual relationships is necessary. In addition, with increasing reservations about the sustainability of SDGs, it is crucial to explore consistency across different dimensions to ensure policy coherence in maximizing synergies and minimizing trade-offs. Our study employed multiple factor analysis (MFA) and hierarchical clustering on principal components (HCPC) to investigate these issues and analyze the results based on the public value (PV) theory. The results indicated that the Human Development Index (HDI) and gross domestic product per capita (GDPP) constitute the first principal component (PC) and are determinants in differentiating country clusters. However, they contradict environmental indicators such as CO2 emissions per capita and ecological footprint gha per person (EFP) and have low synergy with the Happy Planet Index (HPI). Additionally, the relationships between income level, inequality, and environmental quality correspond to a combined Kuznets curve and an environmental Kuznets curve (EKC). Moreover, governance capacity has become increasingly crucial in sustainable development, particularly in the capability to prioritize different PVs in a timely and strategic manner. Finally, despite the novelty of EFP and HPI, they cannot reveal the entire development story. SDGs require embracing more such indicators to enrich the value bases of development and achieve a sustainable future.

What's so good about bad art?

ABSTRACTSome artworks are aesthetically better than others. But can bad artworks have certain merits in virtue of being bad? Can something be so bad that it is good? In this paper I distinguish several interpretations of the question and consider whether contemporary theories of aesthetic value can render such a claim true. I also present a handful of desirable features which a plausible theory of the value of bad art should satisfy.

The psychology of pandemic policy support: unraveling the complex interplay of personal values and value congruence across 20 European countries

ObjectivesWe explored the roles of personal values and value congruence—the alignment between individual and national values—in predicting public support for pandemic restrictions across 20 European countries. Study designCross-sectional study. MethodsWe analyzed multinational European survey data (N = 34,356) using Schwartz's values theory and person-environment fit theory. Multilevel polynomial regression was employed to assess the linear and curvilinear effects of personal values on policy support. Multilevel Euclidean similarity analysis and response surface analysis were conducted to evaluate the impact of value congruence and delineate nuanced congruence patterns. ResultsFindings revealed that extreme levels of security, conformity, stimulation, hedonism, and achievement values were associated with decreased policy support. Value congruence with security, conformity, and benevolence increased support, while congruence with stimulation, hedonism, and achievement reduced it. High congruence between personal and national social focus values significantly boosted policy support. Extreme mismatches in self-direction values amplified support. Societal power exceeding personal power also increased support. Matched levels of hedonism motivated greater support, while stimulation and achievement value (in)congruence showed little impact. ConclusionsWe highlight the differential effects of personal values and value congruence on public attitudes toward pandemic restrictions. The findings underscore the importance of considering the interplay between individual and societal values when designing and implementing effective pandemic response strategies.

Perceived value, service quality and behavioral intentions towards bike-sharing services: Using an extended technology acceptance model

In recent years, the bike-sharing industry has experienced rapid development as a business model but still faces several challenges. Prior research has predominantly focused on bicycle service quality and traffic safety from the perspective of companies. This article takes a consumer-centered approach and incorporates security as a crucial perceptual factor into the technology acceptance model. Drawing on the consumer perceived value theory, we employ app perceived value and bicycle perceived value as mediating variables to construct a model of consumers' behavioral intentions to use bike-sharing. The study finds that app perceived value and bicycle perceived value are strong predictors of consumers' willingness to use bike-sharing. At the same time, app perceived value also indirectly affects their perceived behavioral control of using bike-sharing through the mediating role of bicycle perceived value. Furthermore, the perceived usefulness, ease of use, and security of the app are found to positively impact app perceived value, which in turn increases the preference for bike-sharing of consumers. In conclusion, these findings provide practical management recommendations for bike-sharing companies to balance and enhance app services and the quality of the bicycle, thus enabling the ride-hailing ecosystem to generate more sustainable urban transport solutions.

The Limits of Spinoza's Perfectionism

Spinoza is often described as an ethical perfectionist—one who accepts an account of the good centered on the development of our natural capacities. Perfectionists typically accept a perfectionist theory of value, in which the properties of good and evil are grounded in a normative property of perfection. Yet I argue that Spinoza rejects a perfectionist theory of value because he believes it conflicts with the doctrine of necessitarianism. This leads him to conclude that attributions of perfection in ethical contexts must be regarded as fictions. If Spinoza is indeed an ethical perfectionist, his perfectionism must be grounded in a theory of value that is not itself perfectionist.