Synergy Theory Research Articles

AKUNTANSI KELEMBAGAAN EKONOMI SYARIAH DALAM PERSFEKTIF IWAN TRIYUWONO

Islam as a religion has been placed as an option and at the same teachings that provide guidance in human life adherents. Islamic economic development in Indonesia is progressing very rapidly, characterized by the emergence of sharia based financial institution. Financial institutions in practice cannot be separated from the financial statements or called in the language of business is accounting. This study focused on mentation of Iwan Triyuwono about the concept of sharia accounting, as stated in this theory that sharia enterprise theory and synergy binary opposition. The formulation of the problem in this study are (1) how the concept mentation of Iwan Triyuwono about sharia accounting? (2) how the relevance mentation of Iwan Triyuwono about accounting institutional of Islamic economics? Therefore the purpose of this study were (3) to describe the concept mentation of Iwan Triyuwono about sharia accountting (4) to describe the relevance mentation of about acoounting institutional of Islamic economics. This type of research is the library research using hictorical research aproach, namely research conducted by collecting data or scientific papers aimed at the object of research or data collection is literature, or the study undertaken to solve a problem on basically rests on a critical and in depth study of the materials relevant book. The subjects used in this study is Iwan Triyuwono. The results of this study indicate that the mentation of Iwan Triyuwono with shariah enterprise theory and the theory of binary opposition synergies already very relevan to formulate theories that previously exsited in modern accounting theory. But in practice has not been able to be applied fully in the Islamic economics institutions. Because of the needs of the industry if sharia accounting concept he put forward can be realized with either the creation of a network organization with the realities if divine power.

Investigations on the temperature distribution of the diesel particulate filter in the thermal regeneration process and its field synergy analysis

In order to enhance the reasonableness of temperature distribution of the diesel particulate filter (DPF), a thermal regeneration model of the DPF is developed to investigate the temperature distribution of the diesel particulate filter in the thermal regeneration process, and the internal temperature and temperature gradient in channels are simulated. Moreover, field synergy theory is used to optimize temperature distribution of the DPF in the thermal regeneration process due to synergy degree between velocity vector and temperature gradient. The results reveal that increase of the exhaust mass flow in the thermal regeneration process will lead to the increase of temperature value from the filter section to the contraction section of along the axial direction, the peak of the radial temperature gradient will appear in the front of the filter section and contraction section, and the maximum value will first decrease and then increase, but the peak of axial temperature gradient will appear in the front of the filter section. When the exhaust mass flow is about 20–30g/s, there is an optimum flow area for the peak of radial temperature gradient, and the peak of axial temperature gradient will decrease gradually. Moreover, particle load which is less than 5g/L can avoid the melt failure and the thermal stress damage.

Construction of a Spatial Planning system at city-level: Case study of “integration of multi-planning” in Yulin City, China

The construction of a spatial planning system has been identified as one of the top national agenda items in China. Several pilot cities have been put in place to experiment on “Integration of Multi-Planning” (IOMP) and explore the integration mechanism of different planning to provide practical support for spatial planning system reform. After outlining existing planning series and their relations in China, this article systematically expounds on the spatial planning disputes among Chinese departments, shows the dilemma of mismatch in planning, and, under the guidance of synergy theory, builds the spatial planning system of “unified planning” to develop common interests within the area, using Yulin City in Shaanxi Province as an example. Findings are drawn from reviewing government policies, analyzing socioeconomic and land use data, and discussing intrinsic issues before propositions are designed.

Investigation on the flow noise propagation mechanism in pipelines of shell-and-tube heat exchangers based on synergy principle of flow and sound fields

As major equipment for implementing technological process, Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers are widely used in modern industries. Because the noise propagation in pipelines in shell-and-tube heat exchangers can’t be ignored, it is a key point to investigate the transfer mechanism of sound energy in pipelines and develop high efficiency mufflers with low penalty of pressure drop. Different with the traditional method, this study is focused on the flow and sound fields synergy principle to investigate the flow noise propagation mechanism in pipelines. In this study, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation methods are coupled to investigate the pipeline noise propagation process. Based on the momentum and the energy equations in the sound field, the synergetic relationship between the flow field and the pressure gradient field is deduced, and the field synergy theory is established. The flow noise propagation process of noise in the pipeline is studied by numerical simulation. The synergy is verified by analyzing the calculating results of flow and sound fields. The results show that with the increase of synergy between flow and sound fields, the work done by the fluid on the wall increases, which means the exchange of sound energy between the wall and the fluid increases.

The Coming Wave of Business Succession: The Role of Private Equity and Stakeholder Theory

Retiring business owners are expected to sell or bequeath $10T worth of assets over the next twenty years. Small businesses will drive this coming wave of succession. While stakeholder theory has generally been rejected in finance due to the lack of accountability it creates for managers, it may be that entrepreneurs derive utility from positive outcomes for other stakeholders. To this end, we extend the stakeholder synergy theory to the case of business succession and generate recommendations for selling business owners based on what they value. Our theoretical extension has implications for selling business owners and the related ecosystem that support and are impacted by such deals, including: communities, employees, and private equity firms. We provide a case study to exemplify the issues faced by exiting business owners selling to non-family.

Measurement of the Industrial Collaboration of the Diversified Coal Industry: China Coal Energy Company as an Example

With the diversified development of coal enterprises in China, the industries related to coal, including coal chemical, electric power, transportation, and building materials, have witnessed rapid development. There is a collaboration relation between the coal industries and most of the aforementioned industries. Based on the synergy theory and the theory of industrial cooperation, the collaboration among coal industries is assessed in this research. Examining China Coal Energy Company as an example, this research divides the compound enterprise system into subsystems such as coal-electric, coal-chemical, and coal-equipment. Next, collaboration indices, including market, scale, and management, are created for each subsystem. Then, the overall collaboration degree of the China Coal Energy Company since it was listed was calculated by standardizing data and estimating the order degree of order parameters and subsystems. Thus, a model measuring the industrial collaboration degree of coal enterprises was established to quantitatively reflect the collaboration degree between various industries. At the same time, the factors influencing the collaboration effect between various industries were analyzed so as to improve this effect, which then can provide a decision basis for enterprises.

Low-Dimensional Motor Control Representations in Throwing Motions.

In this study, we identified a low-dimensional representation of control mechanisms in throwing motions from a variety of subjects and target distances. The control representation was identified at the kinematic level in task and joint spaces, respectively, and at the muscle activation level using the theory of muscle synergies. Representative features of throwing motions in all of these spaces were chosen to be investigated. Features were extracted using factorization and clustering techniques from the muscle data of unexperienced subjects (with different morphologies and physical conditions) during a series of throwing tasks. Two synergy extraction methods were tested to assess their consistency. For the task features, the degrees of freedom (DoF), and the muscles under study, the results can be summarized as (1) a control representation across subjects consisting of only two synergies at the activation level and of representative features in the task and joint spaces, (2) a reduction of control redundancy (since the number of synergies are less than the number of actions to be controlled), (3) links between the synergies triggering intensity and the throwing distance, and finally (4) consistency of the extraction methods. Such results are useful to better represent mechanisms hidden behind such dynamical motions and could offer a promising control representation for synthesizing motions with muscle-driven characters.

Field Synergy Analysis of Thermal Storage Effect of Solar Energy Storage Tank

The internal structure of solar energy storage water tank partition design was carried out in this paper. The energy storage tank with different internal structure had been simulated to analysis convective heat transfer mechanism in the water tank by using CFD method. The temperature stratification mechanism of water tank had been deeply analysed to improve the availability of storage tank as the goal based on the heat transfer and flow field synergy theory. The calculation results showed that the partition plate in the water tank could obviously improve the effect of hot and cold stratification of the water tank, so that a good effect of cold and hot stratification from left to right could be achieved; The influence of flow field on temperature field had been studied by analyzing the degree of synergy between velocity vector and temperature gradient vector, The flow resistance, drag reduction mechanism and influencing factors in the water tank were studied by analyzing the synergy between the velocity vector and the pressure gradient vector; Through the adjustment of internal structure and the change of water flow and heat transfer and pressure gradient direction, that was to change the angle between the velocity and the temperature gradient and the velocity and pressure gradient, and It could effectively improve the energy storage and delamination effect of the water tank; and provided a theoretical basis for the future design of efficient solar energy storage tank with low flow resistance.

Entrainment Analysis Based on the Field Synergy Principle and Air Terminal Device Design

The degree of jet entrainment is affected by the exit conditions and thus affect the air terminal device design. While investigations of jet exit conditions have been carried out by experiments and simulations, it can be considerable advanced by the theoretical analysis. Effect of velocity profile and turbulence intensity at jet exit on jet entrainment are examined based on the field synergy theory by calculating the mass transfer field synergy number, that is the synergy between the velocity vectors and the species concentration gradients for a given jet flow rate. It showed that the entrainment increases with the increase of the mass transfer field synergy number, and vice versa. The mass transfer field synergy number can be changed by the boundary conditions to strengthen or weaken the convective mass transfer of jet entrainment. This work has resulted in a better understanding of the convective mass transfer phenomenon of jet entrainment and give a guide for air terminal device design.

Current Practice of Neurofeedback: Where We Are and How We Got There

This article tracks the evolution of the practice of neurofeedback over the past quarter century from the perspective of services offered at a private clinic. It describes why and how the authors changed their practices from interventions including medication, psychotherapy, and tutoring to biofeedback interventions. Their evolving practices required complex assessments including single- and two-channel quantitative electroencephalograph (QEEG) and later 19-channel QEEG combined with evoked potentials, heart rate variability, continuous performance testing, and neuropsychological assessment. The article stresses that interventions require a multimodal approach. The neuroanatomical rationale for combining neurofeedback and heart rate variability (HRV) training is provided as well as a discussion of how a systems theory of neural synergy helps explain how neurofeedback influences brain networks. Assessment procedures are described in some detail because that information is used to develop effective interventions that typically combine neurofeedback (single-channel or LORETA Z-score neurofeedback, as indicated) with HRV training. The authors stress using evidence-based approaches, basing intervention on assessment, and keeping current with new developments in applied neuroscience.

Unsteady steady-states: central causes of unintentional force drift.

We applied the theory of synergies to analyze the processes that lead to unintentional decline in isometric fingertip force when visual feedback of the produced force is removed. We tracked the changes in hypothetical control variables involved in single fingertip force production based on the equilibrium-point hypothesis, namely the fingertip referent coordinate (R FT) and its apparent stiffness (C FT). The system's state is defined by a point in the {R FT; C FT} space. We tested the hypothesis that, after visual feedback removal, this point (1) moves along directions leading to drop in the output fingertip force, and (2) has even greater motion along directions that leaves the force unchanged. Subjects produced a prescribed fingertip force using visual feedback and attempted to maintain this force for 15s after the feedback was removed. We used the "inverse piano" apparatus to apply small and smooth positional perturbations to fingers at various times after visual feedback removal. The time courses of R FT and C FT showed that force drop was mostly due to a drift in R FT toward the actual fingertip position. Three analysis techniques, namely hyperbolic regression, surrogate data analysis, and computation of motor-equivalent and non-motor-equivalent motions, suggested strong covariation in R FT and C FT stabilizing the force magnitude. Finally, the changes in the two hypothetical control variables {R FT; C FT} relative to their average trends also displayed covariation. On the whole, the findings suggest that unintentional force drop is associated with (a) a slow drift of the referent coordinate that pulls the system toward a low-energy state and (b) a faster synergic motion of R FT and C FT that tends to stabilize the output fingertip force about the slowly drifting equilibrium point.

(Socialized Service System of 'Internet + Agriculture' Under Supply-Side Reform)

Chinese Abstract:摘要:我国农产品市场的供需错配、低效供给等现象比较严重，农业供给侧结构性改革已成为我国农村经济工作的重要课题和任务。农业供给侧改革的顺利实施必须要有完善的农业社会化服务体系与之配套，但我国现行的农业社会化服务体系存在服务主体各自为政、信息沟通不畅等问题，难以满足供给侧改革的需求。在供给侧改革的新形势下，提出通过产业链协同理论对农业社会化服务体系进行组织再造、运用“互联网 ”对农业社会化服务体系进行技术再造，并在此基础上构建了新型农业社会化服务体系架构，包括服务主体、服务平台、服务内容和运营模式等。English Abstract:Mismatch between supply and demand and inefficient supply are serious issues in China’s agricultural market. The supply-side structural reform of agriculture has become an important topic and task of rural economic work. The success of agricultural supply-side reform needs a perfect agricultural socialized service system. Lacking of coordination and information communication in agricultural socialized service system can’t match the requirement of supply-side reform. Organizational reconstruction of agricultural socialized service system is carried on through the theory of industrial synergy and technical reconstruction is proposed through the theory of "Internet +" under the supply-side reform. Then a new agricultural agricultural socialized service system is built based on the construction including service agent, service platform, service content and operation mode.

Heat Transfer and Flow Resistance Characteristics of the Horizontal Semi-cylindrical Vortex Generators and Analysis with Field Synergy Theory

Heat Transfer and Flow Resistance Characteristics of the Horizontal Semi-cylindrical Vortex Generators and Analysis with Field Synergy Theory

Synergies in the space of control variables within the equilibrium-point hypothesis

We use an approach rooted in the recent theory of synergies to analyze possible co-variation between two hypothetical control variables involved in finger force production based on the equilibrium-point (EP) hypothesis. These control variables are the referent coordinate (R) and apparent stiffness (C) of the finger. We tested a hypothesis that inter-trial co-variation in the {R; C} space during repeated, accurate force production trials stabilizes the fingertip force. This was expected to correspond to a relatively low amount of inter-trial variability affecting force and a high amount of variability keeping the force unchanged. We used the “inverse piano” apparatus to apply small and smooth positional perturbations to fingers during force production tasks. Across trials, R and C showed strong co-variation with the data points lying close to a hyperbolic curve. Hyperbolic regressions accounted for over 99% of the variance in the {R; C} space. Another analysis was conducted by randomizing the original {R; C} data sets and creating surrogate data sets that were then used to compute predicted force values. The surrogate sets always showed much higher force variance compared to the actual data, thus reinforcing the conclusion that finger force control was organized in the {R; C} space, as predicted by the EP hypothesis, and involved co-variation in that space stabilizing total force.

Синергетична модель державного управління

У статті розглядаються питання запровадження синергетики до аналізу проблем розвитку державного управління. Останні досягнення сучасної методології науки дають можливість поновому поглянути на роль держави у процесах самоорганізації суспільства. Автор аналізує особливості застосування синергетичної моделі державного управління у сучасному українському суспільстві. Висновок статті полягає в тому, що вкрай важливою є постійна діагностика соціальнополітичного середовища, яка вимагає залучення в науку і практику державних реформ синергетичних підходів, розробки та постійного коригування синергетичної моделі державного управління. Така парадигма виходить з того, що інноваційність державного управління та його здатність до здійснення реформ припускають здатність і вміння органів державної влади, з одного боку, направляти процеси, що відбуваються в країні, у соціальноконструктивне русло, з іншого структурно і функціонально перебудовуватися адекватно реальним і прогнозованим викликам суспільства та світу, що постійно змінюються.

The Simulation Model of a Sliding Contact

This paper deals with the brush slip ring contact modeling. Approaches the sliding contact problem with the synergy theory. The contact layer is considered using mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. The simulation model includes algorithms of: - generation of microscale contact surface, - approachment of two surfaces, - fritting and breakdown effects of oxide layer, - extracting clusters of conducting area, - calculating constriction resistance using fractal dimensionality, - generation of heat caused by electrical current and mechanical friction, - calculation of integral characteristics. The program implementing the model may be used to optimize the contact materials before time-consuming and expensive tests. Finally discusses the implemented model and its results, problems of verification and validation.

Numerical configuration design and investigation of heat transfer enhancement in pipes filled with gradient porous materials

A novel design of a GPM-filled pipe structure was proposed to improve the heat transfer and reduce pressure drop of fluid flowing through the pipes filled with gradient porous materials. The pore-size gradient and porosity gradient were studied for both partially and fully filled configurations. The effects of GPMs on the fluid flow and heat transfer in the pipes were investigated and compared with the those under the conditions of non-porous materials and homogeneous porous materials (HPMs) serving as controls. Some typical GPM configurations were studied with Rp=0.6 and Rp=1.0, showing an enhanced heat transfer and a relatively low friction factor can be reached in comparison with the controls. An attempt was made to illustrate the mechanism of heat transfer enhancement with the field synergy theory. Velocity-based average pore-size was introduced to explain the reduction in friction factors in GPM configurations. A tradeoff analysis between pressure drop and heat transfer enhancement was made based on performance evaluation criteria (PEC).

Heat Transfer and Thermal Resistance Characteristics of Fin with Built-In Interrupted Delta Winglet Type

The heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics of a new type of fin with built-in interrupted delta winglets is studied in this paper by three-dimensional numerical simulation. In order to ensure reliability of numerical model, plate fin with common-flow-up delta winglets is firstly simulated. The comparison of numerical and experimental results shows a maximum deviation of 11.4% within the entire range of Reynolds number. The computational results show that heat transfer capacity and overall performance increase by 35–60% and 19–64%, respectively. The flow field visualization shows that the interrupted delta winglets can produce longitudinal vortices at the rear of delta winglets and reduce the wake zone behind the tube, so the proposed fin can enhance heat transfer accompanied by low pressure loss. The field synergy theory and entransy dissipation extremum principle are employed on analyzing the mechanism of heat transfer enhancement. The results indicate that enhancement heat transfer mechanism of interrupted delta winglets can be explained as the result of the decrease of synergy angle and reduction of the entransy dissipation.

A proposed framework for renewable energy technology commercialization and partnership synergy

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose a theoretical framework for renewable energy (RE) technology commercialization and partnership synergy. The interrelations/influences between external/internal factors, stakeholders’ partnership synergy, and resources in the form of dynamic capabilities and implementation mechanisms are used in this framework to explore the path toward overcoming non-technical barriers for RE technologies commercialization success. Design/methodology/approach – Prior relevant research/literature is reviewed to derive the proposed theoretical framework constructs, while insight information on relationship between them is gained through case study methodology. The results of four case studies along with 16 validity/checkpoint interviews were used to support/reject 25 propositions linking the constructs. Findings – The findings of the study supported 24 out of 25 propositions representing these relations, whereas one was rejected. The framework suggests that partnership synergy, if achieved, produces a unique internal and external resource combination that will result in successful technology commercialization. Research limitations/implications – This study is limited to RE technologies and did not focus individually on non-technical barriers. Future research may extend into other industries and explore the impact of partnership synergy on each non-technical barrier of technology commercialization. Originality/value – Due to absence of economic theory of synergy there is a gap in academic literature regarding partnership between stakeholders of innovative technologies, the level of its synergy and their relation to successful commercialization. The study attempts to fill this gap to some extent through the produced theoretical framework, which might also help a broad array of RE projects’ participants maximize the returns by realizing full advantage of collaboration with other stakeholders.

Three-Steps Allocation Model of Water Utilization Based on Synergy Theory: Take Y City for Example

In view of lack of systemic analysis on the optimization of water utilization structure and water allocation, the paper construct three-step allocation model of water utilization based on synergy theory. In the first step, identifying optimal allocation of domestic water, industrial water, agricultural water, ecological and environmental water with the synergy among the different purposes. In the second step, giving reasonable weight of different types of water using unit with the synergy among the different subjects. In the third step, allocating different demand of water using units in different months with the synergy among the different time. Finally, take the allocation of water in Y city in 2015 for example, we give the analog allocations of the model.