Social Learning Theory Research Articles

Nurses' Perceptions of the Relevance of Their Role and Responsibilities for Adopting Evidence-Based Feedback Into Practice: An Implementation Study.

To evaluate the implementation process of a novel program focused on improving interactive (dialogic) feedback between clinicians and students during placement. Quantitative cross-sectional hybrid type 3 effectiveness-implementation study driven by a federated model of social learning theory and implementation theory. From June to November 2018, feedback approaches supported by socio-constructive learning theory and Normalisation Process Theory were enacted in four clinical units of a healthcare facility in southeast Queensland, Australia. The study involved 16 clinical instructors/supervisors, 94 bedside nurses, and 85 final-year nursing students. Engagement was evaluated using the Normalisation Measure Development survey. Situated learning encounters were constructed based on the needs of each group. Survey results of the four Normalisation Process Theory constructs identified variable adoption by participant groups. Engagement insituated learning encounters that facilitate dialogic feedback was greatest in clinical instructors/supervisors, followed by students. Bedside registered nurses, while indicating they understood purposeful feedback behaviours, did not demonstrate them in practice. The extent to which each group practiced dialogic feedback depended on their perceptions of their influence, whether they saw it as part of their role, and the effort and time required, regardless of the activity's importance, role statements, and codes of conduct. Understanding the norms that shape communication, engagement, and nurses' role priorities is crucial for guiding practice and ongoing engagement with feedback. The research provides valuable insights for leaders aiming to enhance the integration of evidence into practice. It guides leaders to understand that participants prioritise the reach, relevance, and resources of evidence over formal role descriptions, responsibilities, policies, and codes of conduct. This research encourages leaders to scrutinise existing beliefs, norms, and routines when implementing evidence-based practices. Standards for Reporting Implementation Studies (StaRI) reporting guidelines were used. None.

Exploring Web-Based Support for Suicidal Ideation in the Scottish Population: Usability Study.

Suicide is a global health concern. In the United Kingdom, Scotland has the highest suicide rate. Lived experience and suicide prevention stakeholders in Scotland have identified a key gap in suicide prevention activities: the lack of 24-hour peer-driven web-based support for people who are suicidal. This usability study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, utility, and reach of a suicide prevention website (Surviving Suicidal Thoughts) specifically designed to support residents in Scotland who are experiencing suicidal thoughts themselves or suspect or know someone who is experiencing suicidal thoughts. Intended support was delivered through the provision of personal testimony videos of individuals with lived experience. A peer-driven website was developed specifically to support residents of Scotland experiencing suicidal thoughts. The website included resources (eg, videos from lived experience and written guidance about how to respond to someone who may be experiencing suicidal thoughts) to help reduce distress, normalize experiences, and challenge distressing thoughts. The website was promoted via leading web-based social media channels and Google Ads. Evaluation of the website was based on website engagement, marketing strategy, and direct web user feedback via a cross-sectional survey. Data were collected for 41 weeks (June 2022 to February 2023) spanning the launch of the website and the conclusion of the second marketing campaign. On average, the website received 99.9 visitors per day. A total of 56% (n=14,439) of visitors were female, ages ranged from younger than 18 years to older than 70 years (commonly between 25 and 34 years) and originated from all regions of Scotland. According to Google Search terms of Scottish residents, of the individuals indicated to be experiencing suicidal thoughts but not looking for help, 5.3% (n=920) engaged with the website compared to 10.5% (n=2898) who were indicated to be looking for help for themselves. Based on participant responses to the evaluation survey (n=101), the website was associated with a significant reduction in suicidal thoughts (P=.03). Reasons for visiting the website varied. Marketing data implied that people were more likely to engage with advertisements, which they felt were more personal, and visitors to the website were more likely to engage with videos, which corresponded to their age. A peer-led website may help residents of Scotland who are experiencing suicidal thoughts. Web-based interventions may have considerable reach in Scotland both in terms of age and geographic area. Engagement with the website was similar to other self-help websites for suicidal ideation; however, more nuanced methods of analyzing website engagement for help-seeking behavior are recommended. Future work would benefit from exploring the effectiveness of this website based on a larger participant sample with website modifications guided by the principles of social learning theory.

Cooking with confidence for autistic youth: outcomes from a pilot program evaluation model

ObjectiveThis article outlines the evaluation model for the Cooking with Confidence (CWC) program, developed using Bandura’s Social Learning Theory as its conceptual framework. The evaluation aimed to: (1) Examine participant characteristics in the CWC program, (2) Assess changes in cooking knowledge, skill acquisition, self-efficacy, and confidence, and (3) Identify barriers and facilitators to participant engagement. CWC is a community-based educational program designed to help autistic young adults develop independent living skills and promote health through hands-on cooking classes. Recognizing the need for more opportunities for autistic individuals to practice these skills, the program was created through public and private partnerships. A pre-post study design was employed, with participants completing surveys before and after their involvement in the program.ResultsParticipants reported high satisfaction with the program and showed improvements in cooking knowledge and self-efficacy. The analysis also highlighted participant characteristics, as well as key barriers and facilitators to cooking. Overall, the CWC program demonstrated positive outcomes, with findings offering valuable insights for future program development to enhance its impact.

Comparative Study of Indoor vs. Outdoor Sports on Social Skills Development in Children in Australia

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the comparative study of indoor vs. outdoor sports on social skills development in children in Australia. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: A comparative study on the impact of indoor versus outdoor sports on social skills development in children in Australia revealed notable differences. Outdoor sports, such as soccer and cricket, were found to foster better teamwork, communication, and conflict resolution skills due to their collaborative and dynamic nature in larger team settings. Indoor sports, like basketball and table tennis, also contributed to social skills development but were more associated with enhancing individual communication and strategy-sharing in smaller groups. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Social learning theory, ecological systems theory & self-determination theory may be used to anchor future studies on the comparative study of indoor vs. outdoor sports on social skills development in children in Australia. Sport organizations, schools, and recreational centers should design programs that combine both indoor and outdoor sports to maximize the benefits of each environment. Policymakers should create and support initiatives that encourage outdoor sports participation for children, recognizing the broader social and developmental benefits of outdoor play.

Relationship between Recreational Hiking and Mental Resilience in Adults in Scandinavia

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between recreational hiking and mental resilience in adults. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Recreational hiking enhances mental resilience in adults by reducing stress, boosting mood, and fostering mindfulness through exposure to nature and physical activity. It builds coping skills and self-efficacy by overcoming challenges, while group hiking strengthens social connections and emotional support. Regular hiking also improves cognitive function and reduces anxiety and depression, making it a holistic and effective way to promote mental well-being. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Social learning theory, ecological systems theory & self-determination theory may be used to anchor future studies on the relationship between recreational hiking and mental resilience in adults. Health and wellness practitioners should integrate hiking into mental health interventions, particularly for individuals experiencing stress, anxiety, or burnout. Policymakers should prioritize funding for public parks, green spaces, and hiking trails to ensure equitable access to natural environments.

Impact media portrays on police legitimacy in times of emergencies: a global perspective

PurposeThe swift development of digital platforms and the intricate nature of socialization processes have greatly impacted how young people perceive the legitimacy of the police. This study investigates the influence of different media platforms and methods of socialization in emergencies on the attitudes and beliefs about law enforcement among young individuals. The aim of this review paper is to consolidate existing literature on the influence of various forms of media and social contacts shaping youth attitudes towards the legitimacy of the police, within distinct social and cultural contexts.Design/methodology/approachThe literature was reviewed narratively, with a focus on major digital bibliographic databases for the purpose of selecting studies. This approach facilitated the examination of overarching concepts across several fields of study in order to develop a thorough comprehension of how media and socialization in emergencies influence young people’s perceptions of the legitimacy of the police. Three major themes were discovered, encompassing the connection of three different theories with the youth perceptions of police legitimacy, impacts from different media sources like news, entertainment and social media and the influence of important socialization agents like family, peers and community.FindingsThe review confirms that the media, regardless of whether it presents good or bad images, has a major impact on the views of youngsters towards the police. It influences their opinions of how trustworthy and legitimate the police are. Modeling and reinforcement, which are key components of social learning, play a crucial role in influencing the impact of media on young people. Community and family connections have significant influence, either strengthening or lessening the effects of media depictions. Although media has the ability to promote understanding and regard for law enforcement, it was also observed that there are challenges associated with the reinforcement of preconceptions and biases.Practical implicationsThis research offers fundamental ideas for creating educational and community initiatives that improve positive media depictions of law enforcement and bolster community–police interactions. Additionally, it provides a framework for future studies on media approaches that could facilitate the development of a well-rounded understanding of the legitimacy of law enforcement among young people.Originality/valueThis literature review combines social learning and cognitive theories with empirical research on media to examine the complex and varied effects of media and socialization on how young people perceive the legitimacy of the police. It emphasizes the necessity for a sophisticated comprehension of these connections within the framework of current social dynamics and advancements in technology.

The Impact of Family of Origin on Romantic Relationships: A Psychological Perspective

This review examines the influence of diverse family of origin factors on adult romantic relationships, concentrating on critical elements such as attachment styles, communication patterns, conflict resolution, family cohesion, family structure, and self-differentiation and self-regulation formed by early family experiences. Existing research reveals that early family dynamics significantly affect individuals' behaviours, beliefs, and satisfaction in romantic relationships during adulthood. The paper consolidates empirical findings from multiple studies, accentuating the role of secure and insecure attachment styles in determining romantic relationship satisfaction. It also investigates how family functions, specifically communication patterns, conflict management, and family cohesion, influence relationship outcomes. Additionally, the review highlights the degrees of self-differentiation and self-regulation influence the quality of intimate relationships. Psychological frameworks including attachment theory, family systems theory, and social learning theory offer the primary perspectives for comprehending these influences. The review also recognises critical deficiencies in the literature, including the requirement for more longitudinal studies and cross-cultural social class and gender comparisons. Overall, Individuals who grow up in nurturing, positive family environments with good parent-child interactions tend to have higher quality and more satisfying romantic relationships in adulthood. Studying on the impact of family of origin on romantic relationships can assist society in resolving family emotional conflicts and fostering harmony, it can likewise enrich the theoretical framework of family and emotional-related research in the academic field.

Effect of Language Policy on Relationship between Electronic Media and Kiswahili Growth among University Students in Kenya

Purpose: This paper traces the place of language policy employed by the Kenyan government and media in their strive to realize the growth of Kiswahili among the youth in Kenya, specifically university students studying journalism in Kenyan universities. The fundamental concerns that were on focus here were; Standardization, National and Official Language, Compulsory teaching in schools, Examinable Subject and the way these concerns have been used to improve Swahili language among the youth. Materials and Methods: The study used mixed method design. The tools used to collect data were questionnaire for quantitative data, interview schedule for key informants and interview guide for focus group discussions. These were to help to assess the effect of language policy employed by the government and the media organizations and if they influence the growth of Kiswahili. The study triangulated quantitative and qualitative data to give results shared in this paper. Spearman’s correlations and simple linear regression models were used to estimate the relationship between language policy and Kiswahili growth. ANOVA test was done to test the hypothesis and presented in tables. Qualitative data was analyzed thematically and narratives are provided under each section in verbatim. Findings: Findings revealed that Language policy employed by the government and the media has a direct influence on the growth of Kiswahili among the youth. Respondents agreed that standardization of Kiswahili has put it on the world map and also improved its use amongst students. This suggests that standardization of Kiswahili is deemed as effective in raising interest in Kiswahili. On the other hand elevation of Kiswahili to national and official status has increased the number of users and Kiswahili as a national and official language means increased use by electronic media. This demonstrates that nationalization of Kiswahili language is considered appropriate in stirring student’s interests in Kiswahili. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Language policy and its uptake by the media has to some extend had a role in changing the youths’ attitudes towards Kiswahili language. Evidence indicated that much has been done by both government and the media in form of policies that have played a big role in promoting the language to greater heights. Social learning theory, Behaviorist Theory of Language Development and Cultivation theory informed this study. Evidence from media programmes indicated that much has been done by both television and radio to adhere to the policies put in place by the government that have played a big role in promoting the language. These policies include airing a bigger percentage of Swahili programmes at certain intervals and adhering to the standards of the language used. The study thus revealed that the language policy put in place by the government and taken by the media indeed have significant effect on the growth of Kiswahili among the youth.

Anti‐Consumption Research: A Systematic Literature Review and Research Agenda

ABSTRACTThis research aims to address the fragmented perspectives in the literature on anti‐consumption by conducting a systematic literature review. The major goal is to offer an integrated and holistic understanding of the essential factors impacting consumer behavior within the anti‐consumption domain. By utilizing the SPAR‐4‐SLR protocol, we examined 86 studies, encompassing diverse theories, contexts, characteristics, and methodologies (TCCM). A conceptual framework that outlines the antecedents, mediators, and outcomes of anti‐consumption behavior was developed by combining variables in this study. The results highlight the diverse factors shaping individuals' anti‐consumption behaviors, shedding light on the complex dynamics that vary across industries, cultures, and consumer segments. Additionally, this research has pinpointed neglected domains that have received limited attention in this field and put forth pioneering pathways for future research by incorporating the TCCM framework. Specifically, this research proposes potential future research directions, including exploring theories like social learning theory, behavioral reasoning theory, and self‐determination theory. Furthermore, we recommend employing advanced methodologies like longitudinal studies, netnography, and neuromarketing to push the boundaries of knowledge in this field. By identifying these theoretical and methodological gaps, the study makes a substantive contribution to advancing academic inquiry and practical applications in anti‐consumption research.

Social Learning Theory and the Development of Aggression

This article explores the development of aggression through Social Learning Theory (SLT), emphasizing how aggression is acquired and reinforced within social environments. Developed by Albert Bandura, SLT highlights the role of observational learning, imitation, and reinforcement in shaping behavior. Notable studies, such as Bandura’s Bobo Doll experiment, illustrate how individuals, especially children, replicate aggressive behaviors when they observe others performing these actions, particularly when these behaviors are rewarded or accepted by society. The article delves into the impact of family dynamics, peer influences, and media exposure on aggression, emphasizing the role of both direct and vicarious reinforcement in sustaining aggressive behaviors. The findings suggest that interventions designed to reduce aggression should focus on altering the social environment by encouraging positive role models and controlling exposure to violent media. The article calls for more cross-cultural research to understand how social learning processes differ across various cultural contexts. Ultimately, it underscores the importance of social and environmental factors in the development of aggression. Practical recommendations are provided for parents, educators, and policymakers to foster environments that discourage aggression and encourage positive behavior. The article concludes by proposing directions for future research, particularly in exploring the long-term effects of observational learning and the interaction between social and biological influences on aggression.

Pendampingan Orang Tua dalam Membangun Lingkungan Belajar yang Kondusif

The important role of parental attention in motivating children to learn, by highlighting its significant impact on children's academic, psychological, and social development. Through consistent and in-depth attention, parents can not only help children overcome learning challenges, but also create an environment that supports the growth of children's confidence and motivation. The study identified two main types of motivation that are influenced by parental attention: intrinsic motivation, which is driven by the child's internal curiosity and satisfaction, and extrinsic motivation, which is influenced by external appreciation and recognition. In addition, emotional support from parents is essential for boosting children's self-confidence as well as helping them manage anxiety about failure, which often hinders their learning efforts. Consistency of parental attention also plays an important role in creating a stable and safe environment, which allows children to focus on their learning. The active involvement of parents in setting academic goals further strengthens the focus and motivation of children. Psychological theories such as Bandura's Social Learning Theory, Basic Needs Theory by Deci and Ryan, and Gardner's Multiple Intelligence Theory provide a deeper understanding of how parental attention affects not only academic performance, but also a child's emotional and psychological development. The results of this activity concluded that parental attention given lovingly and consistently is very important to motivate children to learn and support their overall development. The resulting recommendations include the need for training programs for parents in providing effective attention and the importance of collaboration between parents, schools, and communities in creating a supportive educational environment.

ETHİCAL ISSUES AND ETHİCAL LEADERSHİP İN TOURİSM AND ACCOMMODATİON BUSİNESSES

This study explores the ethical challenges and significance of ethical leadership in tourism and accommodation businesses. Recognizing the pivotal role of the tourism sector in economic development and global entrepreneurship, the research highlights the critical need for sustainability and social responsibility. Ethical leadership, characterized by guiding moral principles and fostering a positive organizational climate, is identified as a key factor in enhancing employee satisfaction, reducing turnover, and improving corporate reputation. The research aims to examine the interplay between ethical issues and leadership in the tourism and accommodation sectors, emphasizing the importance of sustainable practices and proposing a framework for ethical leadership. The study employs a comprehensive literature review to identify ethical concerns and assess the impact of ethical leadership. It incorporates insights from interdisciplinary research and theoretical frameworks, including social learning theory and organizational behavior models. Ethical leadership emerges as an essential component for addressing challenges such as environmental impacts, social responsibilities, marketing ethics, and workforce issues. The findings indicate that ethical leadership fosters sustainable practices, enhances employee commitment and performance, and supports responsible tourism development. The study underscores the necessity of embedding ethical leadership in tourism and accommodation sectors to promote long-term sustainability and stakeholder trust. It highlights the need for an ethical framework encompassing leadership, data management, marketing ethics, and corporate social responsibility. Further investigation is encouraged to develop practical applications of ethical leadership, explore its cross-cultural dimensions, and integrate ethical considerations into tourism and hospitality education curricula. This research could provide actionable strategies for advancing ethical practices in the sector.

Steps to serenity: embracing physical activity for stress relief in Vietnamese higher education

In recent years, increased understanding has led individuals to prioritize exercise for the purposes of sustaining health, achieving weight loss, preventing various diseases, and alleviating stress. This research aims to deepen our understanding of human exercise behavior by examining the factors that influence this trend. The writers utilize the framework of "Social Learning Theory" to elucidate the correlation among influencing factors, exercise behavior, and stress relief. This study details a survey that involved 323 participants, primarily Vietnamese college students with a focus on tourism. The analysis comprised 151 males and 172 females. This research employed structural equation modeling (SEM) for data analysis. The results showed that enabling circumstances and social impact have a positive impact on stress relief, with exercise activity playing a mediating role. The model accounts for 57.3% of the variance in exercise behavior and 57.1% in stress relief. Moreover, social impact has a direct favorable impact on students' stress relief. In conclusion, both enabling factors and social impact are associated with increased exercise activity. These characteristics increase the likelihood of students participating in exercise and reducing their academic stress. The study also that the institution introduces a course that combines academics with yoga and team sports to the general education curriculum. The institution should offer on-campus fitness or partner with local gyms. Finally, joining clubs and organizations might encourage university students to exercise.

Childhood adversity and peer influence in adolescent bullying perpetration

Bullying among South African adolescents is a critical public health issue. This study explores the relationship between childhood adversity, peer influence, and personality traits in predicting bullying perpetration. Data from 769 high school learners were analysed using Structural Equation Modelling. Findings indicate that childhood adversity predicts bullying perpetration, mediated by peer influence and moderated by personality traits like conscientiousness, extraversion, and emotional stability. These results support Social Learning Theory, emphasising observed behaviours and peer dynamics in bullying. Practical implications include targeted interventions addressing childhood adversity and fostering positive peer interactions and personality development.

Social Cognitive Supervision Model: A Review

This article aims to examine the supervision process, which plays a significant role in counselor education, through the Social Cognitive Supervision Model and to explain the model in detail. Supervision is considered a critical process for counseling candidates to develop their professional identity and skills. The social cognitive supervision model is based on Bandura's Social Cognitive Learning Theory and emphasizes the central role of self-efficacy beliefs in this process. Self-efficacy refers to candidates' belief in their ability to effectively provide counseling services in the future and is a key factor for successful learning. The article explains the key elements of the social cognitive supervision model through the triadic reciprocal causation model: individual factors, behaviors, and the environment. Individual factors include candidates' self-efficacy beliefs, cognitive, and affective processes during supervision. Environmental factors involve interactions with supervisors and clients. Supervisors' roles in providing feedback, modeling, and social persuasion are crucial to candidates' professional development. In conclusion, this article present the social cognitive supervision model as a model that contributes to the development of counseling candidates' skills and self-efficacy while supporting future empirical studies.

Slow Tourism and Well-Being: A Transformational Learning Perspective

ABSTRACT Drawing upon social exchange and transformational learning theories, this study opts to scrutinize the formation process of well-being through self-transformation when practicing slow-paced tourism. A hypothetico-deductive methodological approach was operationalized to achieve the goals of the study. Based on a sample of 319 leisure tourists and using CB-SEM, the findings revealed the vital influence of overall co-creation experience in fostering self-transformation and well-being. In addition, the model with the serial mediating role of overall co-creation experience and self-transformation stands out by exhibiting the best-fit indices and displaying the best explanatory power for well-being. This research is one of the first to explain how slow-paced tourism leads to well-being. This research not only advances the body of knowledge about the role slow-paced tourism plays in helping individuals transform themselves and perceive personal well-being, but also offers a comprehensive blueprint for tourism industry stakeholders to leverage the transformative power of slow-paced tourism.

Bullying: a Study From the Perspective of Students With Disabilities

Objective: This research aims to delve deeper into the experiences and characteristics of bullying among students with disabilities. Theoretical Framework: Theories of social learning, social systems, and power imbalance help explain the underlying mechanisms of bullying in this context. Additionally, research has identified different roles of participation (victim, bully, bully-victim) and has highlighted the importance of disability characteristics in the experience of bullying. Method: Using a mixed-methods and naturalistic approach, surveys and interviews were conducted using the EBIPQ-SEND, a validated instrument for identifying involvement in bullying associated with special educational needs. The sample includes 15 students with disabilities aged 12 to 18. Results and Discussion: The results offer a perspective from the participants' voices on their understanding of the phenomenon, the types, roles, and consequences of bullying experienced by the group with disabilities. They invite us to strengthen the body of research that allows us to understand this harmful dynamic of school coexistence, in order to offer an effective response and promote educational inclusion. Implications of the Research: The implications of this research on bullying and disability are profound and multifaceted. By revealing the greater vulnerability of students with disabilities to bullying, this research highlights the urgent need to implement specific prevention and protection measures in educational settings. Originality/Value: The originality and value of this research lie in its contribution to shedding light on the issue of bullying towards students with disabilities, a group that has been historically underrepresented in studies on bullying.

Development of BIM learning model for construction sites operatives

The highest level of BIM adoption is the utilization of BIM by construction site operatives who are knowledgeable and skilled in BIM. Furthermore, the full benefits of BIM cannot be achieved without construction site operatives that are knowledgeable and proficient in BIM. Despite the creation of educational models for BIM training by colleges targeting construction professionals, there is currently no specific BIM learning model for construction site operatives. The aim of this research is to develop a BIM learning model to assist construction site operatives in their BIM transformation. The study employed a positivist philosophical research design, which required the use of a quantitative technique. The BIM learning model for construction site operatives was developed by using the SAMR (substitution, augmentation, modification, and redefinition) model, Bloom’s digital taxonomy, social learning theory, and design thinking theory. The hypotheses derived from the model were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The study findings indicate that the learning standards for BIM tools, BIM technologies, and BIM skills will enable construction site operatives to effectively utilize BIM tools. The most crucial factor in learning standards for BIM tools is the implementation of substantial BIM tools to modify work processes. The findings also indicated that engaging in professional role-play and interactive assignments had the greatest influence on learning results. The research asserts that the model’s implementation will improve performance and efficiency on construction sites by providing construction site operatives with the necessary abilities to proficiently utilize BIM technologies.

Theoretical Analysis of the Cycle of Intimate Partner Violence: A Systematic Review.

Research on the intergenerational transmission of intimate partner violence (IPV), or the "cycle of violence," from childhood exposure (G1) to the perpetration of IPV in adulthood relationships (G2), has increased over the past decades. The link between childhood exposure to interparental violence and future IPV perpetration is largely explained by postulations from social and psychological theories, such as social learning theory. These theories provide claims regarding IPV transmission pathways and the mechanisms underpinning the transmission. However, evidence from extant theory-informed studies on the cycle of violence has generated several null and counter-predictive findings, which raises questions about the nature of the theory-informed research, as well as methodological questions. This systematic review sought to analyze how existing studies applied specific theories to research IPV transmission, and the mechanisms underpinning these transmissions. Following the PRISMA procedure for systematic reviews, we reviewed empirical articles from five databases (Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, Informit, and PubMed) published between 1990 and 2024. Results from the 30 included studies were synthesized under three theoretical categories, namely: social, psychological, and cultural theories. Under each theoretical category, we found inconsistent evidence, lack of empirical examination of theory-driven variables, and reductionist approaches, in terms of how claims from the theories are applied in research on IPV transmission. Research guided by a singular theoretical framework presented inconsistencies compared to those applying a multi-theory approach. As a result, we recommend an integrated theoretical model that considers the comprehensive and transactional process/factors that underpin IPV transmission.

The Effects of Blended Team-Based Learning on the Cross-Cultural Readiness of Tourism and Hospitality Students: A Mediation Study

ABSTRACT Blended team-based learning (BTBL) has become a popular pedagogical method in tourism and hospitality (T&H) education. However, its efficacy in developing industry competencies remains underexplored. This study addresses this gap by applying Social Learning Theory to examine how BTBL constructs perceived enjoyment, individual learning, team effectiveness, and knowledge-sharing influence cross-cultural readiness (CR). This study employed correlation and regression analyses using SPSS Process Model 81 on data from 272 T&H university students enrolled in BTBL-based courses. This study provides novelty by confirming the relationship among the BTBL constructs and extending the model to determine the chain-mediation effects of BTBL in influencing CR. These imply that BTBL enhances learners’ competencies through social learning. As a pedagogical implication, this study recommends that T&H educators develop CR and related industry skills by implementing BTBL activities, which provide learners exposure to “real-world” scenarios and autonomy to discuss collaboratively and make critical decisions as a team.