Social Control Theory Research Articles

Informal Social Control Impact on Young People Political Participation Integrity: Structural Equation Modelling Approach

Innovation of communication technology, especially social media offer an interactive platform for young people to participate in political activities. Lack of informal social control reported by social scientists has a significant influence on low integrity political activities such as flashing provocation, joining the street demonstration, spreading fake news, defamation, and slanders with intentionally to create damage on certain political parties. This study aims to examine the factors that determine the integrity of political participation among young people using a theoretical model based on the Informal Social Control Theory. Data relating to the constructs were collected from 388 respondents in Malaysia and subjected to Structural Equation Modelling analysis. The proposed model fits the data well. Results indicate that the important determinant of the young people’s political participation integrity is involvement. The rest three dimensions namely attachment, belief, and commitment are insignificant influences on the young people’s political participation integrity. Perhaps with literacy skills able to shape young people with integrity in political participation on social media. Finally, implications and recommendations of these findings are discussed.

Theoretical framework of attachment models in education: analysis of social control theory variables

Moksliniai tyrimai mokyklose ir švietimo įstaigose tradiciškai buvo sutelkti į vertinimą, vengimą ir vertinimą, turintį daug strateginių veiksnių, darančių įtaką mokinių ugdymosi rezultatams, atsižvelgiant į prisirišimo modelius. Tačiau norint pagerinti našumą, reikia išsamios ir tvirtos informacijos apie vystymosi procedūras, kurios gali būti stebimos ir neigiamais, ir teigiamais aspektais. Be to, norint tinkamai pritaikyti mokyklos psichologiją, reikalinga tvirta teorija ir į tyrimą orientuotas požiūris. Šiame kontekste šio tyrimo tikslas yra išanalizuoti socialinės kontrolės teorijos kintamuosius: prisirišimą, įsipareigojimą, įsitraukimą ir tikėjimą. Viena iš pagrindinių tyrimo išvadų rodo, kad švietimo rezultatų gerinimas turėtų būti vertinamas kartu su šiais keturiais kintamaisiais, kad būtų pasiekta visa švietimo susiejimo modelio sistema. Tyrime apžvelgiamas prisirišimo teorijos tyrimas ir jo ryšys su socialinės kontrolės teorijos kintamaisiais kaip edukacinis modelis, analizuojant išsamią šios srities tyrimų lentelę.

The association of tobacco use in adolescents with their interpersonal surroundings and assessing tobacco vendor compliance with COPTA policies: A cross-sectional study

IntroductionThe prevalence of tobacco consumption is increasing globally and in South-east Asian countries. Despite the government's efforts in passing the laws for monitoring tobacco consumption, their effectiveness is questionable. The study's objectives are to investigate the association of tobacco use among the study participants as a function of community, interpersonal and individual factors. MethadologyA conceptual framework was drawn based on Bronfenbrenner's theory of the ecology of human development, the social learning theory, and the social control theory. An observational study was conducted in 13 government and 26 private pre-university colleges in the Shimoga district of Karnataka, India. The study was conducted in two stages. First at the student level and the second at the tobacco vendor level. Ethical approval from the institutional board and informed consent from the participants were obtained. A descriptive, comparative and multivariate analysis was performed. ResultsOf the 726 participants, 19.6% had used tobacco at least once. The most common type being flavoured cigarettes (54.3%). The average compliance of permanent tobacco outlets was 6.1/10, while the mobile tobacco outlet scored 3.8/10. Active tobacco use was strongly associated with peer tobacco use (r = −0.439, p < 0.001), community compliance (r = −0.365, p = 0.004), family educating against tobacco use (r = −0.269, p < 0.038) and age of initiation of tobacco use (r = −0.327, p = 0.011). ConclusionOur study shows us that the issue of adolescent tobacco use is multipronged. It centres on community, interpersonal and individual factors. We need a mixed-methods approach focusing on improving compliance with COPTA laws and effective anti-tobacco education in schools and immediate interpersonal surroundings.

Developmental and Life-Course Criminology Theory: A Literature Review

The paper reviews certain criminological life course theories. The theory of developmental pathways is based on specific trajectories that gradually, during development, lead to criminal behaviour. The age-graded theory of informal social control explains the influence of social institutions during the life course on the occurrence of criminal behaviour. The interactional theory finds that delinquency has its roots in weak social ties and delinquent networks; it is part of reciprocal continuous relationships during the life course. The dual taxonomy theory explains the continuity and changes in criminal careers and identifies two types of perpetrators. The integrative multi-layered control theory explains the development of criminal behaviour, events and crime rates through the integration of classical criminological theories. The situational action theory states that during development criminal behaviour is part of moral action. The developmental propensity theory considers the correlates of genetics and environment to delinquent behaviour. The integrated cognitive antisocial potential theory incorporates traditional criminological theories aiming to explain the unique potential for antisocial action that can lead to criminal behaviour during development.

Competency-Based Approach (CBA) and School Results in Physical Education and Sports in Secondary Schools in Côte D’ivoire

As part of the reflection on the Ivorian educational system, this work aims at analysing the relationship between the Competency-Based Approach (CBA) and school results in Abobo's secondary schools in Physical and Sports Education (PSE). In fact, through the CBA, young people acquire various skills (knowledge and know-how) but also social skills (interpersonal skills) that give them value in social life. On the methodological level, a questionnaire was submitted to 79 (seventy-nine) teachers, including forty (40) public and thirty-nine (39) private teachers in the commune of Abobo. In addition, four (4) and two (2) resource persons were interviewed, including the head of the Pedagogy and Continuing Education Office (PCEO) in Abidjan. A mixed approach was used through the quantitative and qualitative method. The data collected was processed with MS EXCEL software, which was also used for the input and production of tables and graphs. The results of this study revealed that CBA is practised in Abobo secondary schools by about 50.60% of the teachers selected. More than 72% of the teachers interviewed have at least five (5) years of experience in teaching Physical and Sports Education (PSE). Most of them have therefore practised the OBA (objective-based approach) since the CBA, in its evolution through the teaching levels, entered the second cycle from 2015. The survey still reveals that these teachers have the required level of pedagogical skills or sufficient subject knowledge to teach effectively with this approach. Only 02.53% of the teachers surveyed may not have the recommended skills. However, it appears that CBA does improve students' academic performance in terms of knowledge, skills and also social or life skills, which are by nature skills for autonomy and conformity to social rules. Hence the use of the reference theory of social control, by Maurice Cusson (2015). It makes the school a situational and developmental prevention, effective in curbing deviance, delinquency and even criminality in young people.

The Rhetoric of aikia in Petitions from Roman Egypt

This article discusses the rhetorical usage of the verb αικίζεσθαι (‘abuse’, ‘thrash’, ‘brutalize’) and its derivatives in petitions from Roman Egypt. Curiously, this description of violence only appears in petitions from the Roman period. Using theories of conflict resolution and social control, it is argued that the writers of these petitions, the majority of whom lived in villages in the Arsinoite nome, used the concept of aikia in an attempt to overcome the inefficiency of the Roman Egyptian legal system by augmenting the severity of the crimes they suffered. The usage of the verb αικίζεσθαι (often paired with the noun πληγαις) emphasized the brutality and socially transgressive nature of the attack and presented it as something that needed to be addressed by the authorities immediately, as it affected the entire social order. Over time the phrase πληγαις αικίζεσθαι became formulaic in its expression, suggesting that it was not just contained to a handful of petitions. Rather it was a linguistic phenomenon in itself that reveals the effects of the social and legal environment of Roman Egypt on the language of petitions.

Social security as a panacea to kidnapping in South-West Nigeria: A theoretical review

There are various security challenges facing societies around the world. Kidnapping is one challenge that undermines peace and stability in the globe. Kidnapping leads to death of victims, bodily harm, loss of properties and worsening economic conditions. To tackle kidnapping, social security is one valuable measure put in place. However, social security is bedeviled with challenges like corruption, mismanagement, lack of political will, ethnicity, bad policy and programmes. Therefore, this paper addresses the challenges of social security and kidnapping in South-West, Nigeria. The study intends to fill the gap created by shortage of scholarly materials to explore challenges of social security and kidnapping in South-West Nigeria. The data were obtained secondarily through the content analysis of peer reviewed journals, edited textbooks, and credible online resources. It anchors on social control theory by Travis Hirsch. Findings revealed that corruption, lack of political will, ethnicity, religiosity and other challenges are working against social security drives to combat kidnapping in Nigeria. The paper recommends effective youth empowerment schemes to bring to the shore the potentials among the youths. This paper will be useful by improving knowledge on the social security and kidnapping, improve the extant literature on social security and kidnapping, the policy-makers, employment of labour, organized private sectors and researchers in the field of social and management sciences will find it beneficial.

Economic Strain and Adolescent Violence. Are extracurricular activities a conditioning effect?

This article examines the extent to which participation in sports acts as a conditioning effect to the relationship between economic disadvantage and adolescent violent delinquency. Deriving hypotheses from general strain and social control theories, we use data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health to test if type of extracurricular activity participation diminishes the risk of economic disadvantage on violent delinquency. In support of social control theory, the direct effect of academic clubs and performing arts is negatively associated with adolescent violence. Additionally, analyses indicate that participation in contact sports decreases the relationship economic disadvantage and violent delinquency when other strain controls are added including race/ethnicity, family structure, lack of parental supervision, etc. Overall findings are expected of the social control conditioning effect of general strain theory.

Criminological Theory of Social Control and Features of Its Application in China

Criminological Theory of Social Control and Features of Its Application in China

Effect of Counselling on Recidivism of Prison Inmates in Nakuru Government Prison, Kenya.

This study evaluated the effect of counselling on the recidivism of prison inmates in Nakuru Government prison. This study was guided by the Social Control Theory. The study population was 100 recidivists from Nakuru prison. The Census method was used to reach the study population. A questionnaire was used as the data collection tool. The pilot study was conducted for the purpose of testing the tools' reliability before they were adopted for the actual research. Quantitative data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), and the qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis. Since this is sensitive research, the ethical considerations for such studies were observed throughout the study. The study findings revealed that counselling played a minimal role in enabling prisoners to overcome psychological challenges. The study concluded that counselling does not play a more significant role in reducing recidivism among inmates. Counselling does not help prisoners overcome psychosocial challenges that may trigger criminal behaviour. Enhancement of counselling should be done for it to be helpful to prisoners by reducing recidivism. The study concluded that enhancement of counselling and spiritual rehabilitations should be done.

FENOMENA PENCURIAN KELAPA OLEH ANAK (Studi Kasus di Polsek Tembilahan Hulu)

Juvenile delinquency is a common problem in society. There are norms or rules that lived in society. And it must be obeyed by society. Violation of norms and rules in society is not only committed by adults but also by juvenile. The violations of norms or rules that is often occurs by juvenile is theft. The theft that often occurs in Tembilahan is theft of coconuts, and it causes unrest in community. The majority of people in Tembilahan work as coconut farmers when the price of coconuts increases, coconut theft often occurs, not infrequently the perpetrators of coconut theft are the underage child or juveline. The purpose of this research is to determine what is the factors that cause the theft of coconuts by juvenile. This research uses a qualitative method by conducting interviews with key informants and informants that related to the topic. Referring to the theory used in this research, namely social control theory, this theory can explain why the phenomenon of coconut theft by juvenile occurs. The result of this research is that the theft of coconuts by juvenile occurs due to economic factors, in order to earn money the child or juvenile steals coconuts, it can also be explained through social control theory, which according to this theory, the child commits crimes or deviations due to the absence of attachment elements, commitment, involvement, and belief in theirself.

Self-equity as a trustworthiness measure: The relationship among self-equity and security clearance eligibility adjudications in US Army recruits

ABSTRACT The United States government’s clearance adjudication process examines past behavior to determine soldier eligibility for a security clearance. For young recruits with a short-documented history, however, little information is available. While informal social controls generally associate with criminal desistance, desistance speaks little about those who have yet to offend. This work extends informal social control theory to better understand military clearance eligibility adjudication outcomes as measured in terms of a self-equity construct. This analysis looks at a twelve-year cohort of US Army recruits who received clearance eligibility adjudication within the first five years of service, as recorded in military archival data in the Person-event Data Environment (PDE) database. Laub, Rowan, & Sampson’s (2018) age-graded theory of informal social control is tested to estimate models, capturing the self-equity effects of moral waiver, qualification-test percentiles, service time, rank, education, and childbirth–marriage interaction. The results demonstrate that self-equity substantively relates to security clearance eligibility adjudication outcomes. These findings carry policy implications for the creation of an objective trustworthiness measure in the absence of reliable documented history.

ECONOMIC RECESSION, FAMILY INSTABILITY AND ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOUR IN NIGERIA: A THEORETICAL EXPLORATION

The economies of nations are faced with some level of vicissitudes. This situation, no doubt, has often resulted in changes in other social systems because of the centrality of the economy to other systems in society. Economic recession as an inevitable consequence of the global capitalist system, and Nigeria’s experience of her economic recession have left so much to be desired in the country. This study examines the nexus between economic recession and family instability and their effect on antisocial behaviour in Nigeria. The methods employed in this study are literature review and content analysis of some theories (-social structure, social control, neo-marxist and age-graded theories-) that are linked to economic recession, family instability and social vices. The main findings of the research reveal that there is a nexus between economic recession on the one hand, family instability and the occurrence of anti-social behavior in Nigerian on the other hand. That is, as a result of economic recession, most families have been economically, psychologically and socially unstable with serious impacts on social behaviour

LIMBAH MASKER DI ERA PANDEMI: KEJAHATAN MENINGKAT ATAU MENURUN?

The COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia has not only disrupted the national and economic sectors of the economy and health, but has also disrupted the environment, particularly those related to medical waste. Mask waste, which is one type of medical waste, has increased dramatically, and in severity it can also cause various adverse impacts on the environment as described through various previous studies. This paper aims to find out how the behavior of Indonesian people in waste mask waste is through social control theory, to find out the increase in crime rates caused by medical waste, and to find out whether there is a correlation between society behavior and the increase in environmental crime due to COVID-19. This paper uses a quantitative method, by conducting a survey of 100 productive age groups in Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi (Jabodetabek). The results showed that there was a significant correlation between society behavior in waste disposal and environmental improvement due to lack of control over waste disposal. Society's behavior in disposing of mask waste plays an important role in increasing the amount of medical waste as a form of environmental crime.

Individuals' waste separation practice in a relationship with social bonds: a case study of Hanoi, Vietnam

PurposeThe paper aims to ascertain whether residents in Nguyen Du ward still sort their waste at source following the end of the 3R project that ended in 2009. Additionally, this paper aims to explore the relationship between waste separation practices and social bonds.Design/methodology/approachThe Travis Hirschi theory of social control was applied, together with the mixed method research design which included a structured questionnaire survey. Twelve semi-structured interviews were also conducted with residents and the data processed by SPSS software, using Chi-Square test, Independent-Samples t-test and Pearson's correlation analysis.FindingsA proportion of respondents has continued practicing waste separation since the 3R project ended. The study also indicated that the greater the involvement in family and neighborhood activities the more the participants were likely to practice waste separation.Research limitations/implicationsThe small sample size limits the extent to which the most influential factors can be determined and therefore the degree to which the findings can be generalized.Practical implicationsThe study includes implications for rerunning the waste separation programs for households as together with community campaigns to improve individuals' attachment and commitment and thus their participation in pro-environmental behaviors.Originality/valueTo the author’s knowledge, this is the first study to take a sociological approach to investigate factors affecting household waste separation, which has attracted little attention in previous studies. Useful information is also provided to local authorities for a policy-making process to implement effective domestic waste policies.

Influencing Supplier Representatives by Involving a Third Person: An Exploratory Study

As they sit at the nexus of where internal and external organizational interests meet and must be reconciled, purchasing and supply chain managers assume a key boundary mediation role. In this respect, their ability to influence supplier representatives is a sine qua non of successful supply chain management. This article investigates influence tactics of a subtle character, specifically, how managers from a buying organization (influence agents) manipulate supplier representatives’ (influence targets) behaviors by involving a third person. So far, this phenomenon has received only scarce attention as existing literature on social influence in buyer-supplier relationships tends to (i) adopt an organizational-level unit of analysis, and (ii) if examining the individual-level seldom extend beyond a dyadic perspective. Drawing on Social Control Theory and employing an exploratory case study with data collected over a two-year period, the author identifies seven distinct influence tactics involving a third person and develops an overview of antecedents motivating their use. With these findings, this article makes a novel theoretical contribution by developing a deeper understanding of underexposed social influence dynamics in individual-level triads in buyer- supplier relationships.

The push and pull of radicalization and extremist disengagement: The application of criminological theory to Indonesian and Australian cases of radicalization

Research shows there is variability in factors that cause a person to radicalize to violent extremism. The use of the push/pull distinction has been one way in which scholars have aimed to provide clarity to the process of radicalization and extremist disengagement. However, it remains a conceptually underdeveloped distinction. In this paper, we draw on aspects of criminological theory to better understand the push and pull distinction. The paper draws on research comprising interviews with three Indonesians and two Australian individuals who have radicalized to violent extremism that is aligned with jihadist ideologies. Based on this primary data, case descriptions and narratives are provided on each individual examining pathways into and away from violent extremism. We draw on aspects of strain theory, social control, differential association, and desistance theory to understand common patterns across each case and to highlight the relative influence of various push and pull factors. Implications for theory and policy are highlighted. We also acknowledge limitations in our approach.

Access to user data stored by organizations—divides surrounding information security professionals in Chinese IT organizations

With the rapid development of computer-based information systems in China, securing organizational systems as information assets is central to achieving a strategic advantage. Because information security (IS) experts with database access are the weakest link in the IS chain, scholarly contributions are needed in this important area. The interpretations of widespread data breaches committed by organizations’ information security experts have significant grounding. Drawing on social control theory, we propose a research framework to examine formal control, informal control, and self-control systems that can affect IS professionals’ perceptions and IS behaviors in Chinese IT organizations. We use in-depth interviews with IS professionals in Wuhan, Beijing, and Shenzhen to answer research questions relating to the research framework. The study’s primary contribution is to go beyond the extant IS research, which concentrates on sanction-based deterrence, and identify multiple dimensions rooted in social control perspectives. Based on interviews with practitioners and researchers, this study further advances our understanding of IS control deviance using information management and communication-related approaches.

EXECUTION OF SENSITIZATION PROGRAMMES OF ADVENTIST RELIEF AGENCY ON FEMALE CIRCUMCISION IN NYAMIRA CONFERENCE OF SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTISTS IN NYAMIRA COUNTY, KENYA

The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which sensitization programmes of Adventist Relief Agency on female circumcision have been executed in Nyamira Conference of the Seventh-day Adventists in Nyamira County, Kenya. This study adopted a theoretical framework based on social change, social control theories. This study adopted mixed methods approach which includes both quantitative and qualitative methods which encompassed concurrent triangulation. Concurrent triangulation enabled the researcher to adopt descriptive survey research design. The target population in this study was 7 Conference management staff, 3 ADRA programme implementation officers, 60 church pastors and 700 church lay leaders. The sample size consisted of 18 church pastors and 210 lay leaders which was 30% of the target population whereas all the 7 Nyamira Conference management staff members and the 3 ADRA programme implementation officials were purposively included in the study. The study used questionnaires and oral interviews to collect data from the respondents. A pilot study was conducted for reliability and validity of the research instruments. The instruments were piloted in the churches within Nyamira Conference whose pastors and lay leaders did not participate in the study utilizing simple random sampling to select respondents. To ensure reliability of the findings, the data was subjected to cronbanch alpha index. The Cronbach alpha coefficient of 0.7878 was obtained and this implied that the research instruments were reliable and therefore the researcher adopted the research instruments. It was established that there were sensitization programmes on female circumcision in Nyamira County. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that there is need to support the sensitization programmes of Adventist Relief Agency on female circumcision in Nyamira Conference of the Seventh-day Adventists in Nyamira County. Based on the findings of this study it was recommended that the Nyamira Conference management of the Seventh Day Adventist church should strive to encourage and support the sensitization programmes by the Adventist Relief Agency on female circumcision in the area of jurisdiction. &#x0D; &#x0D; &lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Article visualizations:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0778/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Mapping the Psychosocialcultural Aspects of Healthcare Professionals' Information Security Practices: Systematic Mapping Study.

BackgroundData breaches in health care are on the rise, emphasizing the need for a holistic approach to mitigation efforts.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to develop a comprehensive framework for modeling and analyzing health care professionals’ information security practices related to their individual characteristics, such as their psychological, social, and cultural traits.MethodsThe study area was a hospital setting under an ongoing project called the Healthcare Security Practice Analysis, Modeling, and Incentivization (HSPAMI) project. A literature review was conducted for relevant theories and information security practices. The theories and security practices were used to develop an ontology and a comprehensive framework consisting of psychological, social, cultural, and demographic variables.ResultsIn the review, a number of psychological, social, and cultural theories were identified, including the health belief model, protection motivation theory, theory of planned behavior, and social control theory, in addition to some social demographic variables, to form a comprehensive set of health care professionals’ characteristics. Furthermore, an ontology was developed from these theories to systematically organize the concepts. The framework, called the psychosociocultural (PSC) framework, was then developed from the various combined psychological and sociocultural attributes of the ontology. The Human Aspect of Information Security Questionnaire was adopted as a comprehensive tool for gathering staff security practices as mediating variables in the framework.ConclusionsData breaches occur often in health care today. This frequency has been attributed to the lack of experience of health care professionals in information security, the lack of development of conscious care security practices, and the lack of motivation to incentivize health care professionals. The frequent data breaches in health care threaten the mutual trust between health care professionals and patients, which implicitly impacts the quality of the health care service. The modeling and analysis of health care professionals’ security practices can be conducted with the PSC framework by combining methods of statistical survey, observations, and interviews in relation to PSC variables, such as perceptions (perceived benefits, perceived threats, and perceived barriers) or psychological traits, social factors, cultural factors, and social demographics.