Theory Of Social Action Research Articles

Approaches to Change Resistance Management among County Governments in Kenya

In 2018, the World Bank reported poor performance among counties in Kenya, citing low absorption rates and sluggish project delivery. This has been attributed to insufficient and late disbursement of funding, but the role of change resistance management has not been examined. The approaches to change resistance management have been addressed by scholars. However, there is limited evidence that county governments utilise these techniques. This paper explored the extent to which Kenya's 47 county governments utilise change resistance management techniques. Using the Social Action Theory as a foundation and a qualitative research design, a systematic assessment of 31 studies undertaken in Kenya's public sector, including 14 on county governments since 2011, was conducted. Thematic analysis of data gathered using a review guide reveals that county governments in Kenya employ agreement and negotiation, coercion, co-optation and manipulation, education and communication, assistance and facilitation, and involvement and participation. The recommendation is for county governments in Kenya to become more actively involved in managing change resistance and to conduct additional research on county governments to strengthen evidence and clarity.

De-constructing inequitable access to health care services in Nigeria

The derogation of erstwhile traditional healthcare services popularized modern healthcare systems which have been adjudged by many Nigerians as profit-making ventures rather than that saving life. Only affluence can afford quality health care in Nigeria. The situation is worst for the majority of women who survive under men. Thus, exploitation and inequitable access to modern health care services stiffened health challenges for many Nigerians especially women. Thus, this study examined ways of deconstructing gender and the capitalist system of health care, a panacea for equitable access to health care services in Nigeria. Weber's social action and rational theory were used for the explanation of variables. Data was generated with the use of questionnaires, case studies, and In-depth and key informant interviews. Data were analyzed using the statistical package for the social sciences. Chi-square and cross-tabulations validated the connectivity between government policies, equitable access to health care services and the health of the masses. The validity and reliability of instruments were ascertained by pilot study (test-retest analysis). Interview and (X2=16.09; P<0.05) revealed that the irrational and non-affectionate posture of physicians under the modern health care system is more terrifying than sickness and death itself.

Dark Tourism and Social Mobilization: Transforming Travelers After Visiting a Holocaust Museum

A critical gap in the dark tourism literature concerns the possibility of social mobilization outcomes after taking part in dark tourism experiences. While a crucial driver behind the creation of museums focusing on war and genocide is to prevent their reoccurrence by socially mobilizing travelers, few studies look at whether travelers can become socially mobilized and take actions for human rights. We apply the Framing Theory of Social Action to investigate whether travelers employ framings in their discourse to reveal social mobilization outcomes after visiting exhibits at a Holocaust Museum. Travelers engage in photo-elicitation and in-depth interviews about their post-experience of visiting exhibits that are focusing on the Holocaust, women’s rights, and apartheid at Illinois Holocaust Museum & Education Center (IHMEC). Travelers suggest they engage in the main form of social mobilization outcomes: feeling empowered, pursuing remembrance and education, and identifying societal issues that warrant mobilization.

The two-component model of behavior factors: The phenomenon of anticipatory engagement of a situationally dominant factor

One of the debatable issues in the theory of social action is the interaction of explicit and implicit factors in their influence on human behavior. The ‘parallel’ influence models oppose the ‘sequential’ models. The former argue that one factor determines another, and the last one influences behavior. The latter argue that factors are of an independent nature and affect behavior each in their own way. In practical terms, agreeing with one of these models means rejecting or accepting the idea of a conflict of factors and of behavior as a result of this conflict. In the previous article, we showed that the influence of ideologically biased statements on the explicit and implicit components of the attitude towards the object of these statements can be exactly the opposite. It is necessary to check whether this phenomenon is stable. If so, it will be necessary to recognize the independent nature of the factors of behavior. Such a check was carried out and (within the limits of the empirical data) confirmed the correctness of the ‘parallel’ models. This conclusion is all the more convincing because it was obtained by observing the dynamic reaction of the associations between the components of the attitude and the assumed factors of its formation. As the criticality of respondents increases, the nature of this relationship predictably changes. But it changes differently for the explicit and implicit component of the attitude. Moreover, we identified a phenomenon of the “anticipatory engagement of a situationally dominant factor”. If we are not mistaken in understanding its nature, the very foundations of theories of the ‘sequential’ influence are under a question.

Social Action Of Student In Achieving Non-Academic Achievements In Interest And Talent-Based School

This article describes the social action of students' non-academic achievement. Student achievement in education is a measure of student success. Achievement has two categories, namely academic achievement and non-academic achievement. SMA Muhammadiyah 10 Surabaya has a gifted title. In accordance with this predicate, this school focuses on developing the potential interests and talents of students. This study uses social action theory by Max Weber in assessing the motivation for non-academic achievement goals. Researchers used qualitative methods through in-depth interviews and observation primary data, as well as secondary data through the development of student championship news on internet pages. The results showed that in achieving students' non-academic achievements, they achieved these goals through instrumental rational actions in the form of regular physical readiness exercises, value-oriented rational actions on aspects of spirituality, traditional actions on aspects of choosing extracurricular activities based on experience and advice from parents. , affective actions choose extracurricular activities because of feelings of pleasure and interest. The researcher hopes that this article can be a new contribution to society in the field of education and social affairs, especially the achievement of non-academic achievements which the community considers not a significant achievement for the future of students compared to academic achievement.

Birth Doula Care in California During COVID-19: The Impacts of Social Distancing on a High-Touch Helping Profession.

Birth doulas were deemed “non-essential” personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic and were generally excluded from attending hospital births in person. This study documents the impacts of pandemic-related contextual factors on birth doula care in the San Francisco Bay Area, examines how doulas adapted their services, and explores implications for policy and practice. We employed a contextually bound qualitative case study methodology driven by social action theory and conducted interviews with 15 birth doulas. The pandemic disrupted physical settings, the social environment, communication modalities, contractual arrangements, and organizational level factors. The historical context also amplified awareness of institutionalized racism in birth settings and highlighted birth doulas’ advocacy role. Striking deficits exist in birth doulas’ integration into US healthcare systems; this made their services uniquely vulnerable to the pandemic circumstances. Birth doulas’ value ought to be more formally recognized within health policy, health insurance, and hospital systems as complementary care to that provided by medical providers to improve access to high-quality perinatal care.

Translating Discovery Science. Fostering relationships: Service provider perspectives on community building among veteran families.

We sought to identify the social process through which communal support can be established among veteran couples and families. On the basis of the social organization theory of action and change, a sense of community is crucial for military veterans' well-being and may serve as a resource for intervention. We interviewed service providers (n = 8) and corroborated their perspectives by triangulating evaluations from veteran family participants (n = 143). Data were analyzed using grounded theory techniques. Providers suggested promoting a sense of community in prevention and intervention programming by (a) establishing a safe and empowering space, (b) bridging existing gaps within family and community systems, and (c) encouraging interpersonal healing by promoting connection and facilitating the sharing of common experiences. Providers also described challenges to facilitating the program, including logistics, time, and funding constraints. According to our results, fostering community among veterans and their family members may be achieved by applying an integrative approach that goes beyond siloed individual, couple, and group therapy orchestrated by practitioners. We recommend multicomponent interventions that create synergy between different levels and forms of social support. Providers recommended being intentional about the program structure to focus on community strengths and shared connection.

Balancing risk, intimacy and (non)compliance: a qualitative study of sex across household during COVID-19 social restrictions

Government controls over intimate relationships, imposed to limit the spread of Sars-CoV-2, were unprecedented in modern times. This study draws on data from qualitative interviews with 18 participants in Natsal-COVID, a quasi-representative web-panel survey of the British population (n = 6,654 people), reporting that they had sex with someone from outside their household in the preceding four weeks; a period in which contact between households was restricted in the UK. Whilst only 10% of people reported sexual contact outside their household, among single people and those in non-cohabiting relationships, rates were much higher (Natsal-COVID). Our findings show that individuals did not take decisions to meet up with sexual partners lightly. Participants were motivated by needs—for connection, security, intimacy and a sense of normality. People balanced risks—of catching COVID-19, social judgement and punishment for rule-breaking—against other perceived risks, including to their mental health or relationships. We used situated rationality and social action theories of risk to demonstrate that people weighed up risk in socially situated ways and exhibited complex decision-making when deciding not to comply with restrictions. Understanding motivations for non-compliance is crucial to informing future public health messaging which accounts for the needs and circumstances of all population members.

Labour Union Practices and its Influence on Performance of Teachers in Public Secondary Schools in Arusha District Council

The labour practices may affect teachers’ performance either positively or negatively. The inability of teachers’ labour union to deliver its mandate has contributed in de-motivating teachers in their work performance. The study sought to; highlight the labour union practices in secondary schools and examine the influence of labour union practices on work performance of teachers in public secondary school in Arusha district. The study was guided by Social Action Theory by Bowey. The study used convergent parallel mixed method design whereby the study converges or merges quantitative and qualitative data in order to provide a comprehensive analysis of the study problem. Data were collected using the questionnaire, structured interview, and documentary review. The sample size consisted of 126 respondents. Reliability (r = 0.67) of the instrument was tested using Cronbach Alpha. Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics in the SPSS version 20 and results were presented in tables of frequencies and percentages. Qualitative data was analysed thematically alongside research questions. The study reveals that Tanzania Teachers’ union (TTU) fights for teachers’ job security, defending their rights, participating in collective bargaining agreement on behalf of teachers and advocating for teachers’ salary increment. Moreover, the findings reveal that lack of teachers’ job promotions de-motivate them while conducive working environment inspires teachers. The study recommends that teachers need to support the union fully since the union’s strength is obtained through its membership, the teachers as the members of TTU need to join forces together and exhibit solidarity.

Ambiguities in Action Ascription

Abstract In everyday interactions with one another, speakers not only say things but also do things like offer, complain, reject, and compliment. Through observation, it is possible to see that much of the time people unproblematically understand what others are doing. Research on conversation has further documented how speakers’ word choice, prosody, grammar, and gesture all help others to recognize what actions they are performing. In this study, we rely on spontaneous naturally occurring conversational data where people have trouble making their actions understood to examine what leads to ambiguous actions, bringing together prior research and identifying recurrent types of ambiguity that hinge on different dimensions of social action. We then discuss the range of costs and benefits for social actors when actions are clear versus ambiguous. Finally, we offer a conceptual model of how, at a microlevel, action ascription is done. Actions in interaction are building blocks for social relations; at each turn, an action can strengthen or strain the bond between two individuals. Thus, a unified theory of action ascription at a microlevel is an essential component for broader theories of social action and of how social actions produce, maintain, and revise the social world.

Communication Social Actions of Legislative Candidates in the Election of Representatives in the City of Madiun (Case Studi: Social Exchange of Legislative Candidates to Became DPRD)

Current social phenomena show that the local democratic process that should be running well and correctly in accordance with its purpose is to increase the participation of the people or community politics to elect their representatives in the Regional Representative Council (DPRD) which has not produced maximum election results legislative as a local political activity is carried out based on Law No. 2 of 2011 which was later revised with Law No. 07/2017 concerning elections which regulates the selection of candidates for DPRD which include selection, ratification, appointment, and in terminating board members of the research council this method uses a qualitative approach, where the focus of research uses a case study approach. The purpose of the study was to determine the social communication actions of a prospective legislative candidate in the legislative general election to elect people’s representatives in the DPRD city of Madiun. This research with a qualitative approach is one of the research procedures that produce descriptive data in the form of speech, behaviour, which can be observed from prospective board members. The data collection technique of this research is observation techniques, documentation through snowball sampling on each DPRD candidate who has become a permanent council candidate. To support the conduct of research, researchers used theoretical studies, among others, social exchange theory, Peter Blau and A Weber’s Social Action Theory. The results of this study highlight that; social, legislative communication actions concerning social behaviour, human social movements and social exchanges occur in the election of members of the City Council of Madiun; namely, there are activities for candidates to install campaign propprovide social assistance and transactional practices between voters and candidates at the end of the campaign.

PANDEMI COVID-19 & MAKNA SOSIAL

Abstract: This study aims to understand the social meaning of some community members for the occurrence of the covid-19 outbreak (pandemic). The method used to reveal the social meaning is descriptive qualitative. In practice, the writers use Max Weber's theory of social action based on "verstehen" and analyzed by Mile, Huberman and Saldana's interactive model to reveal the social meaning of several community members in East Java, Indonesia. The results of this study are as follows: Some community members believe that this covid-19 outbreak (pandemic) is truly seen as a test from God. Some other members of the public think that the COVID-19 outbreak (pandemic) is an engineering or scenario by certain countries to weaken the nations of the world, including Indonesia, for the sake of mere (material) power ambitions. Several other members of the public assumed that this COVID-19 outbreak (pandemic) did exist but had been engineered in such a way that it tends to be exaggerated as a form of terror to the community and tends to blame the government. And, some other community members consider this a disaster and indeed the time has come for the calamity to come during the twin year, 2020 AD.
 Keywords​: ​​ covid-19 pandemic, social meaning, society, Indonesia

Tradisi Muqaddaman di Desa Banjaragung Kecamatan Bangsri Kabupaten Jepara: Sebuah Kajian Living Qur’an

The Muqaddaman Tradition in Banjaragung Village, Bangsri District, Jepara Regency: A Study of the Living Qur'an Muqaddaman is an activity of reading the Qur'an which is carried out collectively, in which each individual receives a division of juz from 1 to 30 which is divided randomly according to their respective rations. Muqaddaman is a tradition that has been widely practiced by the Muslim community. This study aims to reveal the aspects of the living Qur’an in the muqaddaman tradition in Banjaragung village through a descriptive-inductive method with Max Weber's theory of social action as the analytical tool. This study seeks to answer how Max Weber's point of view on social action towards the muqaddaman tradition is in Banjaragung village. The results of this study are: First, this tradition is a part of the study of the living Qur’an. Second, based on the type of traditional action, traditional actors want to carry out Islamic religious symbols as traditions that have been carried out by scholars from generation to generation. Third, affective action shows that the perpetrators of the action have an emotional bond with religious leaders and the time of execution (Thursday). Fourth, in term of rational instrumental action, the actors can carry out the tradition rationally and consciously, both from the financial aspect and human resources. Fifth, in term of value rationality, actors want to emulate the behaviour of religious figures, to get used to giving alms, and to instil the value of member solidarity

Madiun Mayor's Social Action In Realizing Smart City Through Social Action Of The Academic Community

The background of this research is the Research Gap, namely the public service and Iternet Technology matter. The purpose of this research is public service at Madiun City are professional for Madiun community. Aims research shown the public service by the mayor should run properly and correctly in accordance with its purpose of improving. the quality of public services and the quality of services as a realization of promises in the elections. The misunderstanding of the community that smart City should have been the responsibility of the City government needs to be corrected, all components of the public along with the executive ranks should be held accountable. This research use qualitative research approach is one of the research procedures that produces descriptive data in the form of speech, or writing, and the behavior of the people observed. A qualitative approach is expected to produce an in-depth description of smart City. The data collection techniques of this study were using techniques including in-depth interviews (observation), observation, documentation, with a snowball sampling mode sampling at City government officials, the community. To support the implementation of the research, researchers used the Weber Social Action Theory study. The results showed that Smart City can improve public services, so that citizens are well served. The City Government of Madiun, along with all executive officers, conducts smart cities with good public services from the City government.

Before Creativity: Inspiration as a Micro Foundation for Action*

Creative, robust, and “moody” theories of action seek to modify a traditional voluntarism by attending to perception (broadly considered). Consolidating these theories as variants of an aesthetic sociology, I consider inspiration as one of the earliest stages in a larger theory of social action. Inspiration is narrower than creativity—it does not depend on audience recognition or valuation—but it offers a window into the prior dynamics of receptivity and anticipation. Close empirical study is possible. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork with fashion designers, I analyze the spatial and material infrastructure of inspiration. I show how designers engage with space and materiality in their work, as well as how they utilize artistic license to tweak existing runway designs. I conclude with possibilities for future research and argue for the role of inspiration as a micro foundation of action.

Modernisasi Masjid: Analisis Tindakan Sosial Pemasangan Wifi pada Masjid Di Kota Kediri

This research aims to discuss the social action of installation on mosques in Kediri City. This research is a type of qualitative research with a phenomenological approach, namely by describing in detail the social actions of wifi installation. Furthermore, this study will adopt Max Weber's theory of social action as a knife of analysis in determining the form of social action carried out by mosque administrators. The results of this study show that social actions carried out by mosque administrators are a form of rationality of values. The motives of each mosque administrator are different but with the same purpose, namely in order to meet the needs of the community and make the mosque. The study recommends academics and research to further develop the theme of this research but with a different approach, so as to contribute to socio-religious research in a sustainable manner.

Services of the Worship House of the Padepokan Dhammadipa Buddhist House of Worship for People with Disabilities

Attention to disability is still not evenly distributed. The right to practice worship was not under the needs of disabilities. This study assesses the services of the Padepokan Dhammadipa Arama Buddhist Vihara in Batu City for disabilities. The theory used in this study uses the theory of planned behavior and the theory of social action. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and observations. The data were tested for validity using data triangulation and analyzed using pattern matching, explanations, and time series analysis. The results showed that Vihara administrators did not discriminate against disabilities because the basic principle of Buddhists is compassion. Services that have been provided are in the form of physical services like guardrails and non-physical services like assistance for the mobilization. The existence of this service is influenced by the understanding of disabilities and the urgency of providing services for disabilities. Efforts that continue to be made include innovating in the form of development systems and concepts, adding facilities and infrastructure at the Vihara, and increasing the participation of Buddhists in providing input and suggestions regarding disability services in places of worship. The hope is the existence of physical disability services will increase the security and comfort of people with disabilities in carrying out worship like normal people.

The Commodification of Religion in The 2012 Regional Election of Purwakarta Regency

This study aims to describe the involvement of religious instruments in the dynamics of the 2012 Regional Head Elections for the Regent and Deputy Regent of Purwakarta Regency. This study uses a qualitative method with the dramaturgical approach of Erving Goffman on symbolic interactionism and Max Weber on social action theory. This study indicates that the normative use of religious elements is used as a weapon for candidates as a political commodity to attract mass sympathy and highlight the identity of a particular group. Among the religious issues used in the Pilkada Purwakarta could be the use of religious symbols, statements, figures and places used by the contestants and political constituents in Purwakarta.

TRADISI PEMBACAAN SURAH AL-MULK DI MAJELIS TA’LIM RAUDHOTUL ILMI PALEMBANG:

This article discusses the implementation of the reading of Surah al-Mulk at the Raudhotul Ilmi Palembang Ta'lim Assembly and the views of the Raudhotul Ilmi Palembang Ta'lim congregation on the reading of Surah al-Mulk as well as an analysis of Max Weber on the recitation of surah al-Mulk at the Raudhotul Ilmi Palembang Ta'lim Assembly. This type of research is a field research (Field Research), the type of data used is qualitative with the study of living hadith. This study uses Max Weber's theory of social action related to four actions, namely, traditional action, affective action, value rationality action and instrumental rationality action. The subjects of this research are caregivers, administrators, ustaz and Jama'ah Majelis Ta'lim Raudhotul Ilmi Palembang. The data collection technique used observation by observing and paying attention to the implementation of the tradition of reading surah al-Mulk at the Raudhotul Ilmi Palembang Ta'lim Assembly. While the interview data, the researchers interviewed twelve Jama'ah as respondents, while the documentation was equipped with books, photos and books related to the research. Meanwhile, data analysis uses descriptions and explanations. This study found that the Jama'ah of the Raudhotul Ilmi Palembang Ta'lim Assembly was enthusiastic about the tradition of reciting surah al-Mulk in the Assembly. The congregation of the assembly is of the view that having the reading of Surah al-Mulk before starting the assembly is a good and good thing as a form of imitating the Prophet Muhammad. The congregation of the assembly supported this activity because of the benefits of reading it as a barrier from the torment of the grave and there were some congregations who routinely read Surah al-Mulk. It can be said that the response of the congregation of the assembly tends to know the values ​​contained in the hadith of reading surah al-Mulk. This shows that the living hadith in the congregation of the assembly was carried out and the Raudhotul Ilmi Palembang Ta'lim Assembly fulfilled Max Weber's theory of social action.

Действие без намерения: некоторые ремарки аналитической философии применительно к теории социального действия

The article is devoted to the consideration of the theory of social action in the context of criticism of the theory of action by analytical philosophy. Firstly, the article describes the basic concepts of social action by M. Weber, E. Durkheim, and T. Parsons. Despite some disagreements between these sociologists, they agree that social action is purposeful and intentional, as well as focused on other people, due to which it receives a social characteristic. Then the author turns to analytical philosophy, in which the concept of "intention" was subjected to skeptical analysis. For example, in the philosophy of late Wittgenstein, action receives its meaning not from the intentions of the actor, but from the context of its implementation, just as words get their meaning from the conditions in which they are used. His ideas were developed by E. Anscombe, who rejected introspection as a method of comprehending the intentions of the subject of action. An obvious consequence of the refusal of psychologizing intent was an appeal to the context of the action being performed and to its social conditions as well. Having considered examples of the application of the theories of social action, the author concludes that sociologists in most of their studies use the model of a rational subject of action, the distinguishing feature of which is awareness of one’s own intentions and goals. Although some researchers have attempted to make this model weaker in order to approximate it to real participants of social interaction, these changes did not affect the awareness of the subject of action of his own goals and intentions. Therefore, the author of the article concludes that one of the urgent tasks of sociology is to develop a new model of the subject of action, which will organically combine the subject’s orientation to the external context and limited awareness of the grounds for his own actions.