Scientific Theories Research Articles

Project Design and Educational Reform Achievements of Mathematics under the Guidance of “Integration of Doing, Learning and Teaching”

Aiming at higher vocational students’ confusion about mathematics learning, we draw on the “integration of doing, learning and teaching” to change the closed state of mathematics teaching, serving the lifelong development of students. The theoretical basis is Dewey’s educational theory, Tao Xingzhi’s educational thought, Bandura’s activity theory, Marx’s theory on the comprehensive development of human, and system science. Dewey’s theory emphasizes active work, Tao Xingzhi’s educational thought emphasizes a high degree of integration of students’ practice, teachers’ guidance and their joint learning, Bandura’s theory emphasizes the relative effectiveness of teaching and learning, Marx’s theory of “whole person” emphasizes treating human as a whole, and his theory of systematic science emphasizes the synergistic collaboration between education reform and other aspects. Through the research, we have developed an open classroom, an effective teaching structure, an effective teaching methodology, an effective curriculum carrier for constructing mathematical literacy-mathematical culture and practice activities, enabling the integration of mathematical history with teaching and learning, and the emotional input for mathematical diary.

Causes and consequences of Israel-Palestine war

The war between Israel and Palestine is among the longest-lasting and most intricate geopolitical conflicts of the contemporary period. The dispute, which has its roots in a history of conflicting claims to land and national identity, has resulted in decades of violence, evictions, and political impasse. This study offers a thorough analysis of the Israel- Palestine conflict, emphasizing significant historical occurrences, underlying factors, and current dynamics influencing the conflict. The research follows the rise of rival nationalisms and the 1948 establishment of the State of Israel, starting with the early Zionist movement and the British Mandate era. It looks at the uprooting of Arab Palestinians, the Arab Israeli wars that followed, and the occupation of Palestinian lands, such as the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Furthermore, the study explores the intricacies of religious, cultural, and geopolitical elements that intensify hostilities between Israelis and Palestinians. This research attempts to give a comprehensive view of the Israel-Palestine conflict using an interdisciplinary approach based on political science, historical analysis, and international relations theory. The research aims to provide insight into the historical foundations and current expressions of this ongoing struggle to support educated discourse and attempts to find a fair and durable settlement.

Upaya Kontribusi melalui Keterlibatan Pengabdian Mahasiswa dalam Proses Konstruksi Pondasi Bored Piled Jembatan Timbang

This activity is a community service carried out by UMKT Civil Engineering students who are integrated with UMKT Civil Engineering Lecturers for two months. The collaboration carried out by students with industry partners in the weighing-bridge construction project showed an essential contribution to the integration of actual and theory. The focus of this community service activity is the implementation of work methods on bored pile foundation work. Student activities include direct observation, interviews, and comparative theory analysis with field practice. The activity results focus on Standard Penetration Test (SPT) soil testing data, determining weighing-bridge bored pile points, and implementation methods. Through this activity, students and lecturers play an active role in providing accurate contributions to industrial partners in ensuring the efficiency and quality of the implementation of bored pile foundations. Thus, this activity not only provides solutions to problems faced by industrial partners but also serves as a direct learning medium for students. This emphasizes the importance of an interdisciplinary approach that combines science, technology, practical expertise, and academic theory in planning bored pile foundations for weighbridges.

Creationism - a Pseudoscience or Pseudoreligion

The research is devoted to the study of the phenomenon of spiritual culture of Modern times - creationism. Authors analyze the causes of creationist teachings, as well as develop a classification of forms of creationism. As such, the following are distinguished and analyzed: biblical creationism, scientific creationism, theological evolutionism, teleological creationism, alterism, missionary creationism. Biblical creationism is a literal understanding of the texts of the Bible relating to the creation of the Earth and man. Scientific creationism is an attempt by individual scientists to combine scientific knowledge with religious beliefs. It gathers scientific evidence in favor of the biblical narrative, and, at the same time, rational arguments against the scientific theory of evolution. On the contrary, theological evolutionism, especially in the form of concordism, tries to reconcile the scientific and religious view of evolution. This is achieved through the interpretation of Biblical symbols through modern scientific concepts, or by the creation of a new pseudo-religion (for example, Teilhardism). Teleological creationism, in the modern form of Intelligent Design theory, popular in Western Protestantism, using the data of natural sciences, criticizes the foundations of the theory of biological evolution, thus demonstrating the gap of natural causality in order to justify the supernatural purposefulness of the Universe. Alterism asserts that the very nature of the world before original sin was different, therefore, the current knowledge of nature cannot correspond to the original plan of God reflected in the Bible. For the first time, highlighted and explored in this work, missionary creationism seeks to interpret the Bible from the point of view of concepts of modern science in order to bring a person with an already formed scientific picture of the world to faith. It is shown that most of the above forms demonstrate a pseudoscientific or pseudo-religious essence. The authors make an assumption about the origins of creationist teachings rooted in the introduction of elements of Neoplatonic philosophy into Christian teaching. The seeming contradiction between science and religion in understanding the evolution of nature finds its explanation through the disclosure of creationism's claim to understand the world as a "thing in itself".

Current scientific approaches to the establishment and development of international trade and economic relations

The evolution of international trade and trade policy has come a long way from mercantilism, A. Smith’s theory of absolute advantage, D. Ricardo’s comparative advantage. At present, there is no doubt that countries choose different models based on objective conditions of the cost of resources, the level of competitiveness achieved in goods and services and other factors. It has been proven many times that countries, following Heckscher-Ohlin’s model, export goods for which there are surplus resources and import goods with scarce resources. However, in the last 30-40 years, new theoretical concepts and views have emerged that, in our view, contribute to an understanding of the development of international trade and economic relations. The study is aimed at systematizing and supplementing the scientific base of trade and economic relations with modern views of scientists, not always directly related to international trade, but explaining its individual aspects, adequate to the current conditions of the world economy. The authors have generalized current theoretical approaches and concepts complementing classical ideas on the development of trade and economic relations. Two groups of scientific approaches have been identified: those that perform the function of forming the framework of the system of trade and economic relations and the function of «fine tuning». It is shown that at present the institutional approach occupies a special place. In particular, specialized bilateral and multilateral institutions can be a powerful tool for the development of trade and economic ties, the impact of which in modern economies cannot be underestimated. It is shown that sanctions cause serious damage to Russia by squeezing out of multilateral institutions of development of trade and economic relations. However, globalization continues to deepen its contradictions, contributing to the further fragmentation of the global world. The study contributes to the explanation of what is a sustainable system of economic relations between countries from the standpoint of modern scientific theories.

Stem Cell Origin of Cancer: Clinical Implications beyond Immunotherapy for Drug versus Therapy Development in Cancer Care.

Although immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer care, there is still an urgent need to enhance its efficacy and ensure its safety. A correct cancer theory and proper scientific method empower pertinent cancer research and enable effective and efficient drug versus therapy development for patient care. In this perspective, we revisit the concept of immune privilege in a cancer cell versus normal cell, as well as in a cancer stem cell versus normal stem cell. We re-examine whether effective immunotherapies are efficacious due to their anti-cancer and/or immune modulatory mechanisms. We reassess why checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) are not equal. We reconsider whether one can attribute the utility of immunotherapy to specific cancer subtypes and its futility to certain tumor/immune compartments, components, and microenvironments. We propose ways and means to advance immunotherapy beyond CPIs by combining anti-PD1/L1 with various other treatment modalities according to an appropriate scientific theory, e.g., stem cell origin of cancer, and based on available clinical evidence, e.g., randomized clinical trials. We predict that a stem cell theory of cancer will facilitate the design of better and safer immunotherapy with improved selection of its use for the right patient with the right cancer type at the right time to optimize clinical benefits and minimize potential toxic effects and complications.

Are the Lawyer, the Prosecutor and the Court Subjects of Evidence or Participants in Evidence in Criminal Proceedings?

Relevance. The article examines the issues of participation of a lawyer, prosecutor and court in proving in modern conditions of adversarial proceedings, within the framework of ongoing legal reform. The author comes to the conclusion that the subjects of proof in modern Russian criminal proceedings are only the investigator and the investigator, since they bear the burden of proof. At the same time, the lawyer, the prosecutor and the court are participants in the evidence, whose main task is to examine the evidence collected by the parties. At the same time, the court, being an impartial participant in criminal proceedings, should not take the initiative in collecting evidence and substantiating the accusatory thesis put forward and formulated by the prosecution at the pre-trial stage.Objectives: to continue the consideration of issues arising at the present stage in the theory of evidence in criminal proceedings, and to propose a new gradation of subjects of evidence and participants in evidence, in continuation of the ongoing scientific discussion on the modern development of the theory of evidence in criminal proceedings.The purpose of the study is to identify and discuss problematic issues of the implementation of the mechanism of criminal evidence and propose a new list of subjects of evidence and participants in evidence in criminal proceedings.Methodology. The methodological basis of the research was the universal dialectical method of cognition of socio-legal phenomena, general scientific research methods (analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, system-structural and others). In addition, private scientific methods of cognition were used - logical–formal and system analysis.The results of the study are distinguished by both theoretical and applied nature with elements of scientific novelty. The author considers the emerging difficulties associated with the practical implementation of the provisions of the issues of evidence in criminal proceedings, proposes a new list of subjects of evidence and participants in evidence, as well as a possible change in the established traditional scientific theory of evidence.Conclusions. The discussion of the identified problems will allow drawing the attention of the scientific community and the legislator to the development of solutions to eliminate the identified gaps in criminal procedural evidence, a more detailed definition of the role of the court, prosecutor and lawyer in criminal proceedings. At the same time, it is suggested that the use of the approach proposed by the author, including the introduction of relevant provisions in criminal procedure legislation, will correct the imbalance in the theory of evidence that exists at the present stage.

The Application of Body Rhythm in Music Therapy - Taking the Experience of Autistic Children as An Example

According to the data of 2021, the number of autistic people in China exceeds 10 million, and the number of autistic children exceeds 2 million. However, there is no specialisation in autism rehabilitation and intervention in the domestic education system, and most practitioners receive training only after joining the profession. In the new period of the "14th Five-Year Plan", the state has put forward new guidance for the development of the autism industry, and the number of special education institutions and practitioners has increased rapidly, but at the same time, they are also facing the bottleneck of the application of diversified methods of rehabilitation therapy, and the insufficient construction of the accreditation system and standardisation, and other problems. Based on the concept of music therapy and the scientific theories required for the rehabilitation of children with special needs, the study explores the integration of the role of music and rehabilitation interventions, combining musical elements with the practice of somatic rhythms, and paving the way for medical rehabilitation after long-term planned training, promoting physical coordination, exercising imitation and observation skills. The assessment system for the application of body movement derived from the practice is summarised to provide reference for the service model and future development of children with special needs.

Determining Military Resistance in the Republic of Armenia's Border Settlements Within Spatial Planning

Due to the military operations conducted by the opponent during and after the 2020 Artsakh war, as well as potential future risks and threats, the Republic of Armenia faces the challenge of ensuring the secure livelihoods of border settlements and implementing programs aimed at territorial development. Therefore, raising the issues regarding the resistance of these settlements to possible military operations is of strategic importance and demands immediate attention. The research examines normative and technical documents adopted from both international and local experiences to mitigate the impact of military attacks. It delves into the potential for reducing casualties and material damage by organizing the spatial environment of settlements. Furthermore, it emphasizes the necessity of defining new terminology and formulating key assessment criteria. The proposed solutions can be the basis for proposing a new scientific theory in architecture and contributing to the development of new resistance solutions in architecture along with military technologies.

Bolzano’s Tortoise and a loophole for Achilles

This paper discusses a novel response to two closely related regress arguments from Bolzano’s Theory of Science and Carroll’s What the Tortoise Said to Achilles. Bolzano’s argument aims to refute the thesis that full grounds must include propositions involving notions such as entailment, grounding or lawhood which link the respective grounds to their groundee. This thesis is motivated, Bolzano’s argument is reconstructed, and a response based on self-referential linking propositions is developed and defended against objections concerning self-reference and Curry’s paradox. Finally, the idea is applied to a reading of Carroll’s dialogue and a corresponding solution to the so-called infinite regress problem of inference is proposed.

The Honest Broker versus the Epistocrat: Attenuating Distrust in Science by Disentangling Science from Politics

ABSTRACT People’s trust in science is generally high. Yet in public policy disputes invoking scientific issues, people’s trust in science is typically polarized, aligned with their political preferences. Theorists of science and democracy have reasoned that a polarization of trust in scientific information could be mitigated by clearly disentangling scientific claims from political ones. We tested this proposition experimentally in three German public policy disputes: a) school closures versus openings during the COVID-19 pandemic, b) a ban on versus a continuation of domestic air traffic in view of climate change, and c) the shooting of wolves in residential areas or their protection. In each case study, we exposed participants to one of four versions of a news item citing a scientist reporting their research and giving policy advice. The scientist’s quotes differed with regard to the direction and style of their policy advice. As an epistocrat, the scientist blurs the distinction between scientific and political claims, purporting to “prove” a policy and thereby precluding a societal debate over values and policy priorities. As an honest broker, the scientist distinguishes between scientific and political claims, presenting a policy option while acknowledging the limitations of their disciplinary scientific perspective of a broader societal problem. We find that public policy advice in the style of an honest broker versus that of an epistocrat can attenuate political polarization of trust in scientists and scientific findings by enhancing trust primarily among the most politically challenged.

Life as Aftermath: Social Theory for an Age of Anthropogenic Biology

Anthropogenic pressures now shape the development, interrelations, and evolution of microbes, plants, animals, and humans. In an age of oxidative stress and failures of DNA repair, cytokine storms and microbial dysbiosis, social scientific theory stutters in the face of biological consequences of forces it masterfully detailed, from biopower to looping kinds. Concepts of the fallibility of knowledge from the unanticipated consequence to the wicked problem are too generic to fathom the nature of the living within reconfigured biotic-abiotic relations in the aftermath of industrialization. Working through examples—genetic modification in weed control, and solvents in cryobiology—this paper offers a novel analytic for anthropogenic biology specific to the relations between knowledge and life in the wake of the industrial twentieth century: a novel patterning of living matter and process from the molecular to the ecological arising with forms of biological control. Changes in pathogens and hosts, targets and bystanders are specific to the form of control but not anticipated by it, illegible within its originating logics. Hubris gone moldy, anthropogenic biology grows from forms of power that overestimate the comprehensiveness of their own efficacy, mistaking the ability to temporarily control living things for full knowledge of them.

The history of the Vienna Protocol on dealing with Holocaust era human remains and its resonance with ethical considerations in African American bioarcheology.

The Vienna Protocol on How to Deal with Holocaust Era Human Remains describes what to do when possibly Jewish human remains are found. Based on Jewish medical ethics, it responds to the 2014-2017 discoveries of human remains stemming from biomedical contexts of the Nazi period. Among the finding sites were the Dahlem campus of the Free University of Berlin, the Medical University of Strasbourg, and Max Planck Institute archives. The Vienna Protocol is unique among similar recommendations on Nazi era human remains in its representation of the voices of those who suffered violence and were targeted as victims by Nazi persecution. In addition to discussing the ethics of dealing with physical human remains, these recommendations address the use of images (i.e., visual data) from the bodies of victims of Nazi violence. This paper presents the historical background of the Vienna Protocol and its impact. It also offers a first analysis as to why, at the time of the protocol's formulation, its authors were unaware of its resonance with ethical considerations from African American bioarcheology and a new ethical culture in bioanthropology. Potential reasons for this disconnect may include the historic marginalization of the voices of black scholars in anthropology within the wider scientific community. However, more detailed studies are needed to analyze similarities and differences between the histories and continuities of antisemitism and racism in Europe and the U.S.A., and their ties with scientific theories and practices of disciplines that gain knowledge from human remains.

THE INFLUENCE OF PERSONAL BRAND COMMUNICATION ON CONSUMERS

The idea of this research is to combine the influence of personal brand with business needs. This article is a personal brand’s analysis on how personal brand influences consumer interest in products/services. An experiment is carried out on the content viewed by consumers using eye-tracking technology “Neuromarketing & AI LAB” to reveal emotional and structural sensations in the social network Instagram. The aim of this research is to determine the influence of a personal brand on the consumer. Research methodology: analysis of scientific literature, logical definition and theory construction, an experiment: research of human emotions and chosen content. Data analysis method: descriptive statistics and comparative analysis. AOI (heat map) was selected to illustrate the research results. Influencers with up to 100 000 followers were selected – stimuli that trigger or enhance physiological and psychological reactions in the body. It was found that the body and face of a personal brand had the higher influence on consumers. Personal brand attracts consumers’ attention and promotes engagement. The originality and value of the paper: content relevance research of personal brand (identity) influence on consumers in social network Instagram. Further we suggest carrying out similar personal brand’s research choosing other social networks.

Critical race theory in human development and family science

AbstractThe field of human development and family science (HDFS) conducts interdisciplinary research that has substantially benefited children and families. However, like other disciplines, in the wake of the murders of George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, and Ahmaud Arbery in 2020, HDFS has begun to deeply reflect on its relationship to race and racism. In this paper, we aim to help with this process. We do so by summarizing the history of HDFS and its present relationship with race and racism. We then introduce Critical Race Theory and highlight two foundational tenets of the framework—social construction of race and structural racism—that serve as the motivation for a set of 12 actionable recommendations to enhance the study of race in HDFS and promote racial equity within the research and publication process.

Perspectives on predicting and controlling turbulent flows through deep learning

The current revolution in the field of machine learning is leading to many interesting developments in a wide range of areas, including fluid mechanics. Fluid mechanics, and more concretely turbulence, is an ubiquitous problem in science and engineering. Being able to understand and predict the evolution of turbulent flows can have a critical impact on our possibilities to tackle a wide range of sustainability problems (including the current climate emergency) and industrial applications. Here, we review recent and emerging possibilities in the context of predictions, simulations, and control of fluid flows, focusing on wall-bounded turbulence. When it comes to flow control, we refer to the active manipulation of the fluid flow to improve the efficiency of processes such as reduced drag in vehicles, increased mixing in industrial processes, enhanced heat transfer in heat exchangers, and pollution reduction in urban environments. A number of important areas are benefiting from ML, and it is important to identify the synergies with the existing pillars of scientific discovery, i.e., theory, experiments, and simulations. Finally, I would like to encourage a balanced approach as a community in order to harness all the positive potential of these novel methods.

The concept of «Internet science» as an innovative scientific and educational paradigm that significantly influences the procedure for preparing master's and candidate's theses

Scientific problem: the contradiction between the gigantic rates of quantitative growth and progressive qualitative development of the Internet space, on the one hand, and, on the other, clearly insufficient attempts to include this space in the field of modern traditional science and the sphere of education (including specialized ones). The relevance of the study lies in the need for a much more complete and deep, that is, systematic coordination of the modern scientific and educational (including specialized physical education and sports) sphere with the capabilities of the steadily expanding and progressing Internet space. The purpose of the study is to construct the concept of «Internet science» as an innovative scientific paradigm that ensures the systematic inclusion of the Internet in the modern scientific and educational (including specialized physical education and sports) sphere, as well as to consider and justify aspects of the influence of this paradigm on the traditional mechanism for preparing master’s degrees and master's theses. The methodology and organization of the study imply the use of the method of scientific interpretation as an operation of comparison and comparison of arguments-positions historical and theoretical analysis and results of concrete empirical research. Research results and conclusions: the practice of applying the four-stage model of an innovative mechanism for preparing scientific and qualifying works, developed on the basis of the innovative concept of «Internet Science», briefly described and justified in this article, proves that compared to traditional models, this model has the following advantages: 1. The one-sidedness of the forms of historical-theoretical, logical-linguistic analysis and purely empirical research is eliminated. 2. The hypothetico-deductive model of scientific theory and program, put in place of descriptive theory and descriptive program of scientific research, allows us to eliminate all the disadvantages listed below: • lack of evidence of logical correctness; • the fundamental impossibility of obtaining reliable knowledge, even of calculating the degree of probability of the truth of new knowledge; • absence or extremely limited and fundamentally insufficient degree of practical verification of conclusions and recommendations.

Dependency/ World-systems Theories and Structural Position of Latin American Countries

One of the social sciences theories that has contributed significantly to the complex understanding of the modern capitalist/colonial world and the situation of Latin America in it has been the world-systems approach. However, world-systems theory cannot be separated from dependency theory since the latter provides theoretical bases for the former, especially regarding the distribution of countries into different special zones according to the functioning of the world economy. But how have these theorists positioned Latin American countries in the world system? How has their understanding of the region evolved? Through the review of the literature, systematised in three stages (pre-theoretical, synchronous, and diachronic), this article examines the historical peripheral and semiperipheral positioning of the Latin American countries and the basis for determining different degrees of peripheralisation and semiperipheralisation. The relative immobility of the countries in the region stands out, which over the decades has not improved their structural position, necessitating a review of the Latin American countries’ development strategies for the twenty-first century.

A Single Case Study in Management of Pakshaghat with Ayurveda

In the Sharira, Vata is seen as the controller of all things. Vatavyadhi is the term for the influence of vitiated vata on the Dusyas, which permeate the whole body or a portion of it and give rise to various sorts of illness. One of the significant illnesses that fits this description is pakshaghata, also referred to as hemiplegia. One Vataj Nanatmaja Vyadhi who is regarded as a Mahavatavyadhi is Pakshaghata. There is a correlation between pakshaghata and hemiplegia, a condition caused by a cerebrovascular accident or stroke. Hemiplegia, which results in both mental and physical instability. In the world’s population, there are around 9 instances per 1000 people. A stroke is described as an abrupt onset of vascular mechanism-related neurologic impairment. 15% are initial hemorrhages, and 85% are ischemic. The World Health Organization estimates that 15 million stroke victims globally experience a stroke each year, of whom 5 million die and another 5 million become permanently incapacitated. According to current scientific theory, brain injuries that are too severe for treatment to reverse can result in lifelong neurological impairment. As a result, the prognosis for the illness is dismal, leaving the crippled individual dependent. The current research aims to provide baseline data for student physicians to cope with this terrible condition by identifying the etiopathogenesis, clinical aspects, and therapy of the disease from Ayurvedic classics.

On the Unification of the Foundations of Physics Based on the Ideas of Algebra and Arithmetic

Historically, scientific theory of knowledge relied on the deductive method of thinking, established in Euclid's geometry. Since the era of Descartes, there has been an evolution in the method of thinking based on the principles of algebra and arithmetic. This study analyzes the contribution of algebra and arithmetic to modern scientific philosophy, demonstrating their significance in forming the universal foundations of theoretical physics.