Role In Theory Research Articles

Role making in translational contexts

Abstract This study examines the roles of intercept interpreters/translators (IITs) in covert communication surveillance. Despite their increasing importance in global criminal investigations, their roles remain underexplored in academic research. Utilizing sociological theories of role taking and role making, three distinct IIT roles emerge: “distant service providers,” “deputy police officers,” and “masters of balance.” Each role reflects unique approaches influenced by professional identity and self-defined involvement in police investigations. At the same time, the research highlights the relevance of police trust in IITs. According to our study, role making functions as a negotiation between all stakeholders involved, challenging dichotomous perspectives on norms and expectations. The study advocates for a nuanced approach to IIT roles that integrates forensic-criminalistic considerations into translation practices. It also urges criminal justice authorities to rethink interpreting and translation methods by prioritizing meaningful translations that align with ethical standards and forensic principles.

Correlation of bilateral M1 hand area excitability and overall functional recovery after spinal cord injury: protocol for a prospective cohort study

BackgroundAfter spinal cord injury (SCI), a large number of survivors suffer from severe motor dysfunction (MD). Although the injury site is in the spinal cord, excitability significantly decreases in the primary motor cortex (M1), especially in the lower extremity (LE) area. Unfortunately, M1 LE area-targeted repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has not achieved significant motor improvement in individuals with SCI. A recent study reported that the M1 hand area in individuals with SCl contains a compositional code (the movement-coding component of neural activity) that links matching movements from the upper extremities (UE) and the LE. However, the correlation between bilateral M1 hand area excitability and overall functional recovery is unknown.ObjectiveTo clarify the changes in the excitability of the bilateral M1 hand area after SCI and its correlation with motor recovery, we aim to specify the therapeutic parameters of rTMS for SCI motor rehabilitation.MethodsThis study is a 12-month prospective cohort study. The neurophysiological and overall functional status of the participants will be assessed. The primary outcomes included single-pulse and paired-pulse TMS. The second outcome included functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) measurements. Overall functional status included total motor score, modified Ashworth scale score, ASIA Impairment Scale grade, spinal cord independence measure and modified Barthel index. The data will be recorded for individuals with SCI at disease durations of 1 month, 2 months, 4 months, 6 months and 12 months. The matched healthy controls will be measured during the same period of time after recruitment.DiscussionThe present study is the first to analyze the role of bilateral M1 hand area excitability changes in the evaluation and prediction of overall functional recovery (including motor function and activities of daily living) after SCI, which will further expand the traditional theory of the predominant role of M1, optimize the current rTMS treatment, and explore the brain-computer interface design for individuals with SCI.Trial registration numberChiCTR2300068831.

Beyond the Norm: Leveraging Carrots and Sticks to Fuel Post-graduate Students’ Enthusiasm in Class

This study assesses the carrot and stick theory's role in boosting engagement and enthusiasm among postgraduate students, particularly within a business research methodology course targeting adult learners. It confronts the challenge of maintaining these learners' interests, which tends to wane without innovative and captivating teaching methods. The investigation focuses on combating the noticeable dip in student engagement during presentations by testing a reward-based system. Over two semesters, the research compared three experimental classes that introduced rewards for active engagement—especially for those asking insightful questions—against one control class that utilized a rotation system for student participation as panellists. Engagement levels were quantified using student responses from Poll Everywhere polls, evaluating their reception and feedback on the sessions. The experimental approach significantly outperformed the control in terms of student enjoyment, engagement, and initiative, confirming the effectiveness of incentive-driven strategies in educational settings. These findings advocate for the carrot and stick method's utility in promoting a more interactive and engaging classroom atmosphere for adult learners, emphasizing its importance for improving educational experiences in higher education.

Конструктив преференциальных налоговых режимов как детерминанта привлечения инвестиций в инновационное развитие России

The subject of the study is preferential tax regimes as a factor in fulfilling the task of attracting investments in the innovative development of Russia. The purpose of the work is to justify its deepening and expansion in conditions of macroeconomic instability, external challenges and sanctions pressure and changes in tax policy directions, forms and methods of implementation, accompanied by a significant correction of such a method of attracting investments and solving problems of achieving technological sovereignty as the use of mechanisms and instruments of a preferential nature. The object of the study is fiscal instruments aimed at stimulating investment in industrial development through the use of effective innovations related to the creation and functioning of various preferential tax regimes. The research methodology is based on the theory of economic development, the place and role of tax instruments in achieving the technological sovereignty of the country. At the same time, tax preferences are considered as a broader concept than tax benefits. It is concluded that, despite the indirect impact of tax instruments, their combination and complexity of application with other economic measures of influence on the business process make it possible to achieve the tasks set. At the same time, attention is drawn to the fragmentation of decisions taken, which leads to the impossibility of effective application of such organizational forms of preferences as special economic zones/special economic zones (SEZ), regional investment projects (RIPS), special investment contracts (SPIC), agreements on the protection and promotion of investments. The targeted nature of the preferences provided as part of the recognition of the multilevel structuring of tax regulation is designed to take into account regional specifics and the needs of the development of key industries in order for the country to achieve technological sovereignty.

Effects of Insulin on Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Ferroptosis in Primordial Germ Cells via PI3K-AKT-mTOR Signaling Pathway.

Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are essential for the genetic modification, resource conservation, and recovery of endangered breeds in chickens and need to remain viable and proliferative in vitro. Therefore, there is an urgent need to elucidate the functions of the influencing factors and their regulatory mechanisms. In this study, PGCs collected from Rugao yellow chicken embryonic eggs at Day 5.5 were cultured in media containing 0, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 μg/mL insulin. The results showed that insulin regulates cell proliferation in PGCs in a dose-dependent way, with an optimal dose of 10 μg/mL. Insulin mediates the mRNA expression of cell cycle-, apoptosis-, and ferroptosis-related genes. Insulin at 50 μg/mL and 100 μg/mL slowed down the proliferation with elevated ion content and GSH/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in PGCs compared to 10 μg/mL. In addition, insulin activates the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway dose dependently. Collectively, this study demonstrates that insulin reduces apoptosis and ferroptosis and enhances cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner via the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway in PGCs, providing a new addition to the theory of the regulatory role of the growth and proliferation of PGC in vitro cultures.

PERANAN BARISTA DALAM MENYAJIKAN MINUMAN KOPI BERKUALITAS DI CAFE EXCELSO VITKA POINT TIBAN KOTA BATAM

The role of baristas are as someone who brews and serves espresso based coffees. Espresso is a type of coffee made from the extraction of grounded coffee beans added with hot water under high pressure. This research aimed to find out about the role of baristas in serving high quality coffee at Excelso Cafe Vitka Point Tiban Batam. The theories used in this research were the theories of the baristas' role, and high quality coffee. This research used the quantitative approach with descriptive approach. There were 3 phases of data collection, which was observation, interview and documentation, which was then analyzed through 4 phases of data analyzing, starting with data collecting, data reduction, data serving and conclusion.

Carcino-Evo-Devo, A Theory of the Evolutionary Role of Hereditary Tumors.

A theory of the evolutionary role of hereditary tumors, or the carcino-evo-devo theory, is being developed. The main hypothesis of the theory, the hypothesis of evolution by tumor neofunctionalization, posits that hereditary tumors provided additional cell masses during the evolution of multicellular organisms for the expression of evolutionarily novel genes. The carcino-evo-devo theory has formulated several nontrivial predictions that have been confirmed in the laboratory of the author. It also suggests several nontrivial explanations of biological phenomena previously unexplained by the existing theories or incompletely understood. By considering three major types of biological development-individual, evolutionary, and neoplastic development-within one theoretical framework, the carcino-evo-devo theory has the potential to become a unifying biological theory.

What is Information Theory's Role in 6G?

What is Information Theory's Role in 6G?

The Experience Of Breastfeeding Exclusively In Primapara Mothers In The District Of Lintang Kanan, Empat Lawang South Sumatra

Breastfeeding is a scientific process of providing breast milk (ASI) to babies optimally from at least six months to two years. Breastfeeding is a decision that is instinctively realized by a mother for the benefit of the child's growth and development in the future. The aim of the study was to obtain in-depth information about the exclusive breastfeeding experience for primiparous mothers in Lintang Kanan District, Empat Lawang Regency, South Sumatra. The research method used in this study uses a qualitative descriptive method. The sample in this study were primiparous mothers who had babies aged more than 6 months and gave exclusive breastfeeding to their babies as many as 5 participants. The results of this study can provide an overview to the public regarding the experiences of primiparous mothers in exclusive breastfeeding. Further research is needed regarding in-depth exploration of cultural aspects in exclusive breastfeeding because the behavior inherent in the mother is influenced by the cultural aspects owned and the application of the theory of maternal role attainment-becoming a mother to primiparous mothers in exclusive breastfeeding.

The Role of ASEAN through ASEAN Integrated Food Security Framework (AIFS) in Achieving Indonesia’s Food Security

The report of 2021 hunger map of the World Food Program of the United Nations (WFP) shows that even though Southeast Asia has fertile land and is surrounded by maritime wealth, however many ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) countries still has a number of poverty and inability to access food and nutrition. ASEAN through the AIFS (ASEAN Integrated Food Security) Framework encourages ASEAN countries try to achieve ASEAN regional food security. This study will examine the role of ASEAN through AIFS (ASEAN Integrated Food Security) in achieving Indonesia’s food security. This research used qualitative method, and the collecting data used primary data collection conducted through interviews with related parties, and secondary data through literatures review related to the role of ASEAN through ASEAN Integrated Food Security Framework or other food security policies. The theory of international organization role is used to answer the research question. This research found that ASEAN through AIFS framework plays role as an arena rather than instrument and independent actor in achieving food security in Indonesia.

The Effects of Audit Firm Size, Audit Tenure, and Audit Rotation on Audit Quality

This study examines the effect of audit firm size, audit period, and audit rotation on audit quality. The data come from annual reports of infrastructure, utilities and transportation companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2016 to 2020. The sampling method used is purposive sampling. A sample of 267 companies was obtained based on the purposive sampling method. The analysis technique used is logistic regression analysis with SPSS software. This study's results confirm agency theory's role in explaining the relationship between parties with different interests. The research findings reveal that the role of audit professional services performed by audit firms can minimize agency problems that arise. Empirically, study findings show that the size of an audit firm and its audit period positively affect audit quality. Conversely, audit rotation does not affect audit quality. The study results provide a practical contribution so that non-big-4 audit firms can improve audit quality as big-4. Audit firms should also pay attention to sufficient audit tenure, short enough or too long, to produce good audit quality.

Relationships between perceived stress at work, occupational burnout and ego-resiliency in a group of public administration employees: testing the assumption about the moderating role of ego-resiliency (replication study in Poland)

Objectives. The job demands–resources (JD-R) theory assumes that job demands can be balanced by resources, which ultimately leads to the development of engagement and prevent burnout. Research shows that human resources weaken the relationship between job demands/stress and employee health. However, some reports do not confirm this. The overriding goal of the research was to empirically verify the theory of the buffering role of personal resources in the JD-R model with a sample of public administration employees in Poland. Methods. The participants were 144 administrative employees. The study was carried out in a correlation scheme. Correlations between the variables of perceived stress at work, burnout and ego-resiliency were established. It was also checked whether ego-resiliency moderates the relationship between perceived stress at work and burnout. Results. As expected, burnout significantly correlated with perceived stress at work (positively) and ego-resiliency (negatively). However, there was no statistically significant relationship between ego-resiliency and perceived stress at work. Ego-resiliency did not moderate the relationship between stress and burnout. Conclusion. More research is required to test the role of different personal resources in the relationships between job demands and burnout, as well as between organizational resources and work engagement.

Problems with String Theory in Quantum Gravity

String theory, a framework that aims to reconcile general relativity and quantum mechanics, holds a unique position in the field of quantum gravity. In quantum field theory, the main obstacle is the occurrence of the untreatable infinities in the interactions of the particles due to the possibility of arbitrary distances between the point particles. Strings, as extended objects, provide a better framework, which allows finite calculations. In the realm of theoretical physics, where theories often push the boundaries of human understanding, examining the epistemology of a theory becomes crucial. This article delves into the epistemological aspects of string theory's role in our quest for a unified theory of quantum gravity, exploring the challenges it presents and the insights it offers.

Fungsi, Kategori, dan Peran Sintaksis Menggunakan Teori RRG dalam Acara “Indonesia Lowyers Club”

The predicate is a determining element in a sentence. Sentences that are not clearly structured, result in the sentence being ineffective. This of course results in incomplete functions, categories, and roles in a sentence, making it difficult to understand. The purpose of this research is to describe functions, categories, and syntactic roles using the theory of Role and Reference Grammar (RRG) in the "Indonesia Lowyers Club" event. Distribution method is the main method used to analyze data. Before the data is selected based on its use, the data is recorded first. Furthermore, the data that has been collected is selected based on the needs of the indicators that have been set. The results of the research show that the function in syntax is filled by the components of subject, nucleus (core/predicate), object, and periphery (additional information). Categories in syntax are filled by components of nominal phrases (nouns), verbs (verbs), pronouns (pronouns), adjectives (adjectives), adverbs (adverbs), and clauses. The role in syntax is filled by the component agent (actor), predicate or nucleus indicating activity, and undergoer (patient/object).

A Case Study of Ghanaian Manufacturing Industry

The manufacturing industry has come to regard logistics to enhance their product or service rather than a place to save costs in recent years. It is also well acknowledged that logistics and supply chain management impact firm performance. Despite the expanding importance of logistics, little work has been done to create a theory of logistics' role in the manufacturing industry, and further research into this area is certainly needed. The first part of the literature review presents an empirical review of the concept of the supply chain and logistics in the Ghanaian context. The section touches in the ideologies of both the inbound and outbound logistics. The literature review provides an assessment from performance measurement before presenting an empirical review of what this paper presents. Following that, this paper reviews earlier studies that have thoroughly analyzed supply networks. The data analysis is reported in the results and discussion sections included in this research. Lastly, we conclude with some recommendations after this section.

The logical structure of the verbs in the Kurdish language based on the theory of Role and Reference Grammar

Abstract This paper is entitled “the logical structure of the verbs in the Kurdish language based on the theory of Role and Reference Grammar”. The goal of this paper is illustrate the logical structure of Kurdish verbs according to Role and Reference Grammar. This paper consists of two section: the first section being an introduction into the theory in which the general meaning is explained by the following examples (syntax structure, the layered structure of the clause, universal elements and non-universal elements). In the second section explains in which categories are Kurdish verbs categorized according to Role and Reference Grammar and concluding each category whit their respective list of references.

The Cross-Generations Response of Indonesian Muslims To Ideological Issues In Online Media

This study aimed to provide an overview of the Muslims’ responses across generations to ideological issues related to Communism, LGBT and radical Islam in online media. The response to ideological issues by the Moslems is important because Islam is the majority religion in Indonesia. The responses from Muslims to the issues of Communism, LGBT, and radical Islam will determine the continuity of the Islam in Indonesia. The theories applied in this study were theory of the media role as agents of production, reproduction and distribution of knowledge to society; media influence mechanisms; and reception theory about the audience's response to a stimulus. The research method used the reception analysis method. Data analysis was carried out through three main elements, namely: data collection, data analysis, and data interpretation. This data analysis involved three categories of responses, i.e. dominance, negotiation, and opposition and analysis of their social context. The results showed that the four categories across generations had different acceptance responses to the issues studied. The issue of Communism received a dominant acceptance response by the baby boomer generation and gen X, while gen Y and gen Z were in opposition. For LGBT issues, the baby boomers, gen X, gen Y and gen Z were all in opposition. For the issue of radical Islam, the baby boomers were in negotiations, while the gen X was in opposition. Meanwhile, gen Y and gen Z were dominant. The digital native and digital immigrant generations both had a dismissive response to the LGBT issues. The digital native generation had good acceptance of the communism and radical Islam issues, while the digital immigrant generation rejected the communism and radical Islam issues. The environment and social interactions affected the respondents’ response to the ideological issues they received through online media.  

Role Expectations VS Role Performance in Embedding Sustainability: A Study in the Role of Accounting Educator

Objective – This study aims to analyze the role of accounting educators in embedding sustainability. Theory of Role is used in analyzing the parties who put their expectation on accountants to take roles in embedding sustainability and how the accountant performed that role expectation. Methodology – Educator accountants are used to represent various types of professions in the accounting field. This study uses a qualitative approach by conducting interviews with 14 accounting educators at the University of Jember, Indonesia, which registered as Certified Sustainability Reporting Specialists (CSRS) and/or Certified Sustainability Reporting Assurers (CSRA). Data were collected through observation, deep interviews, and forum group discussion. Findings – Then data were analyzed with the thematic analytic technique to find the main theme from the interview transcripts. The result shows that those accounting educators are in the right position to become the main actor in embedding sustainability. Accountants must show their involvement in sustainability embedding efforts due to pressure from various parties. Novelty – The professional organizations give them coercive pressure, while the educational institutions give them normative pressure. However, their role performance to be involved in this sustainability embedding is still low due to obstacles, both barriers related to learning tools and personal perception. Type of Paper: Empirical JEL Classification: Q, Q5, Q56 Keywords: Role Expectation; Role Performance; Accounting Educator; Role Theory; Embedding Sustainability Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Wahyuni, N. I.; Sukoharsono, E. G., (2022). Role Expectations VS Role Performance in Embedding Sustainability: A Study in the Role of Accounting Educator, J. Bus. Econ. Review, 7(1), 103–111. https://doi.org/10.35609/jber.2022.7.1(5)

Who cares about single childless employees in the hotel industry? Creating a workplace culture beyond family-friendly

Although numerous studies have explored work–family issues, few have focused on the work–nonwork problems faced by single childless employees. Drawing on theories of social role and social information processing, this study developed a multilevel model to investigate how the hotel-level social inclusion of a singles-friendly culture influenced single childless employees' work–personal conflicts at the individual level. We conducted a multi-source field study with data collected from 639 single childless employees and their direct supervisors in 29 full-service hotels in China. The results demonstrate that a socially inclusive culture improves employees' job performance and leisure satisfaction by reducing their work-to-personal conflict. This study provides a comprehensive picture of employees’ interrole conflicts by considering their personal roles. The findings offer insights for managers seeking to create a supportive environment for single childless employees, a group that represents a growing segment of the labor force in the hotel industry.

Peran UPT-BP2MI DIY Dalam Pemberdayaan Pekerja Migran Indonesia Purna Dan Implikasinya Terhadap Ketahanan Ekonomi Keluarga

ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyzed the role of UPT-BP2MI DIY in empowering PMI Purna and analyzed its implications for family economic resilience. This study used the theory of role, empowerment and the theory of family economic resilience. This research approach was a qualitative research with descriptive exploratory method with data collection techniques used were observation, interviews, documentation and literature. The informants in this study amounted to 13 people consist of employees of UPT-BP2MI DIY and PMI Purna. Data analysis used was data categorization, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions.The results of this study indicated that through the empowerment of PMI Purna organized by UPT-BP2MI DIY it had implications for increasing insight, skills, and abilities to created independence and economic resilience for PMI Purna families. In its implementation, there were still obstacles faced by UPT-BP2MI DIY and PMI Purna for implementing the results of empowerment. The empowerment activities carried out had implications for the economic resilience of PMI Purna's families, which could be seen through four aspects, namely: (1). Family residence, (2). Family income that had exceeded the Provincial Minimum Wage (UMP) of DIY Province of Rp. 1,765,000 rupiah, this was one of the strongest aspects of determining the implications of PMI Purna's family economic resilience, (3). Financing the education of children who did not drop out of school in the 12-year compulsory education, and (4). Family financial guarantees in the form of bank products, non banks and others.