Recognition Theory Research Articles

Entre o cosmopolitismo e o realismo político: Habermas, Honneth e a Escola Inglesa das Relações Internacionais

Este artigo reformula a discussão do cosmopolitismo na teoria crítica de Habermas e Honneth, a partir da noção de “patriotismo constitucional” elaborada pelo primeiro e de uma problemática teoria do reconhecimento entre Estados no segundo, recorrendo a algumas premissas da Escola Inglesa das Relações Internacionais, com ênfase na interlocução entre pluralismo e solidariedade, a fim de se avançar no debate cosmopolita para além de uma proposta normativamente eurocêntrica e como alternativa a modelos utópicos e estatais. Partindo de uma constatação conjuntural de uma realidade política que se dirige ao cosmopolitismo, Habermas utiliza-se da questão identitária e da respectiva consciência da sociedade enquanto capaz de se autorregular como elemento sine qua non da legitimidade de uma prática política supranacional. Contudo, ao apresentar seu panorama, o filósofo de Sternberg pode ser acusado de cair em um ocidentalismo normativo. Honneth mostra-se cético quanto à ideia de estender sua teoria do reconhecimento às relações interestatais ou como algo a ser intuitivamente inferido de uma filosofia robusta do direito, como a que ele mesmo buscou reatualizar pela reconstrução normativa da teoria hegeliana do direito. Acreditamos que a Escola Inglesa pode viabilizar novos encaminhamentos em relação a uma realidade pós-nacional em que seja possível vigorar princípios como justiça global e direitos humanos, ao mesmo tempo em que são respeitadas as clivagens normativas entre povos em vias de não suprimir valorações morais e culturais distintas.

Recall and Recognition in Alzheimer's Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia.

It has long been debated whether performance on recall and recognition tests depends on the same or different memory systems and whether performance on these two tasks is dissociated in clinical populations. According to Dual process theories of recall, performance on recall and recognition tests dissociates in the relative reliance on frontal lobe related activities; in fact, the recall test requires more strategic retrieval of memoranda than the recognition task. By contrast, Dual process theories of recognition posit that performance on these tests differs in the relative contribution of recollection and familiarity memory processes in the two tasks: both recollection and familiarity contribute to recognition judgments, but only recollection supports recall performance. The aim of this study was to clarify the cognitive processes involved in recall and recognition in patients with dementia. We administered a 15-word recall task followed by a yes/no recognition paradigm to 28 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), 22 patients with the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), and 45 normal controls (NCs). Results showed that on the delayed recall task, bvFTD patients performed much better than AD patients but the two groups did not differ on any index of recognition performance. The present data support the hypothesis that the performance of the two groups is expression of the different reliance on recollection (more impaired in the AD than in the bvFTD group) and familiarity (similarly impaired in the two groups) in performance on recall and recognition tasks.

What is the point of urban justice? Access to human space

Do we need a theory of urban justice? If so, what desiderata would such a theory have to meet? This paper makes a programmatic point, namely, that urban justice is a field of political philosophy in its own right, and that the recognition-theoretical approach is capable of expressing what is at stake there. A revised version of Axel Honneth’s theory of recognition meets the three desiderata of a theory of urban justice: relationality, spatiality and diversity. Whereas justice-related questions on the domestic level typically refer to the basic structure of society—concerning issues of basic rights and wealth distribution—on the city level such questions are concentrated mainly on the way urban space is organized. Ultimately, what is at stake is to articulate a vision of the city as an embodiment of human space; a space that is structured in such a way that it meets the demands for recognition. The paper tests if the framework is capable of expressing the key moral challenges of two justice-related issues of contemporary cities, namely, segregation and gentrification.

A Negative Theory of Justice

This article outlines the chief challenges concerning the philosophical theories of emancipation and clarifies the solutions provided by a so-called negative theory of justice. Besides highlighting the classic questions that every philosophical theory of emancipation is expected to answer, the article aims to highlight the link between this theoretical framework and an immanent critique of conditions of domination. Moreover, it sheds light on the main differences between this theoretical perspective and Honneth’s theory of recognition, Fraser’s three-dimensional conception of justice, and the critique of power relations recently advanced by Rainer Forst. The comparative analysis of these theoretical approaches will make it possible to highlight and appreciate the main merits of a so-called negative theory of justice that combines a multidimensional diagnosis of existing asymmetries of power with an immanent critique of their justifications.

How to reduce the probability of erroneous decisions in the systems of collective intelligence

This work discusses and solves the methodological problem of reducing the probability of erroneous decisions when solving local problems by groups of intelligent agents. Intellectual agents can be carriers of both natural and artificial intelligence. The basic method of the new information technology is based on the theory of evolutionary decision reconciliation developed by the authors. The method is built on the original use of genetic algorithms in which intelligent agents perform the fitness function based on their knowledge and skills. The technology is based on the knowledge model proposed during the work, the Rasch model, and the mathematical apparatus of the Condorcet theorem. A theorem that allows finding the conditions under which the probability of an erroneous solution tends to zero, is formulated and proved. The results of using the theory for objects recognition from images by a group of neural networks are presented. A significant decrease in the probability of errors of the first kind is obtained in comparison with the classical methods. It is proposed to use the technology of evolutionary decision reconciliation to solve local problems in medical diagnostics, banking, and other fields.

The choice of informative features based on heterogeneous functionals

One of the classical problems of the theory of pattern recognition is to reduce the dimension of the original feature space from dimension N to dimension N’, N’ < N. In the first works on pattern recognition, the task was to construct an informativeness criterion that maps N-dimensional to a space of lower dimension so that a solution can be made in this space. One of the advantages of this criterion is that the classification in a space of lower dimension is faster and easier, and the criterion of being constructed once.

Development of a program for diagnosing diseases by the test recognition method

Theory of pattern recognition is an important theoretical and applied area in computer science. Depending on the nature of the task for recognition are used different approaches. In this article the authors investigate the current state of the use of supercomputers in the field of medical diagnostics and propose an affordable applied solution for diagnosing diseases based on the use of test recognition. Test recognition is based on such a combinatorial-logical approach as a test algorithm. Test algorithms are based on the analysis of a set of deadlock table tests and depend on the dimension of a given matrix of objects and their features. A deadlock test is an incompressible set of features that contains all the information about dividing a table into classes. In this work briefly presents the chronology of the development of test algorithms for solving recognition problems. The authors have developed an interpretation of the test algorithm to automate the diagnosis of diseases by identifying the proximity of the desired subset (available symptoms) to one of the existing ones (diagnoses) by defining deadlock tests. In addition to the presented algorithm, screenshots are presented with an example of a step-by-step solution in the form of a console application created in the high-level programming language C#. On the basis of the developed algorithm, the authors propose an example of a ready-made software solution in the form of a window application for diagnosing diseases based on the patient's symptoms. The developed software solution allows to mark the patient's symptoms and automatically calculate the most probable disease. The program narrows the range of acceptable values (diagnoses) depending on the symptoms marked by the user and provides an assessment of possible diseases, helping the doctor in making a diagnosis and minimizing errors made by the human factor. The article provides an assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of the developed solution, considers other areas of application of test recognition

Target recognition for satellite communication by employing higher‐order statistics

SummaryThe target recognition for satellite communication (satcom) is generally regarded as the cutting edge of electronic countermeasure research. This work is dedicated to the investigation on the theory and experiment of satellite communication target recognition on the basis of systematical analysis of satcom signal emission, propagation, and reception. The authors elaborate on the fingerprint analysis, feature extraction, and identification of satcom emitters by utilizing the nonlinearities of high‐power microwave vacuum amplifier (HPA). The mechanism of the external subtle features of satcom signal will be also discussed in detail. To acquire the qualified features that precisely represent the individual emitter, higher‐order statistics technique is introduced to implement the feature extraction, and the supervised probabilistic neural network classifier is established to execute the recognition of testing satcom samples. In testing phase, there are a total of 4000 sampling signals with BPSK modulation and variable carrier to noise ratio (CNR) originated by eight types of satcom transmitters setting for the experiment to verify the authors' viewpoints. Thanks to the fine training data set and subsequent well‐extracted features, the PNN classifier had not fail us and finally achieved satisfactory accuracy of more than 94% at CNR level of 10 dB. Those expected results will help to enhance the ability of battlefield surveillance and situational awareness that is of paramount importance in academic research and military application.

Social cognition in multiple sclerosis and its subtypes: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background:Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and degenerative neurological disorder of the central nervous system. Cognitive impairment is frequent in MS patients, which not only includes deficits in abilities assessed by traditional neuropsychological batteries, but also often features impairments in social cognition (including theory of mind and facial emotion recognition). Recently, numerous studies have assessed social cognition performance in MS. However, there have been inconsistent findings. Besides, it is not clear how social cognitive abilities are affected in MS subtypes. The aim of this study is to conduct a meta-analysis to characterize social cognition performance in MS and its subtypes (clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting MS, progressive primary MS, and secondary progressive MS).Methods:Literature sources will be divided into 2 sections: electronic sources and manual sources. A systematic literature search will be performed for eligible studies published up to June 10, 2020 in 3 international databases (Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science). In addition, manual sources will be searched, such as the references of all included studies. Two researchers will independently conduct the work such as article retrieval, screening, quality evaluation, data collection. Meta-analysis will be conducted using Stata 15.0 software.Results:The results of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.Conclusions:This meta-analysis will provide a high-quality synthesis from existing evidence for social cognition performance in MS and its subtypes.PROSPERO registration number:INPLASY202070028.

Illuminating the vernacular of inequity: recognition, interaction ritual theory, and microaggressions

ABSTRACT While it would seem that the framework of “the politics of recognition” is perfectly primed to enable contributions to the necessary discussion about why and how mundane interactions are politically important, the most prominent recognition theories have defaulted on this promise. In this dialogue contribution, I explain how the inability of Nancy Fraser and Axel Honneth’s influential recognition theories to illuminate the role of “the vernacular” in the reproduction of inequity and in the transformation of society – aspects that recognition can and should illuminate – is tied to the theories’ sociological weaknesses. Recognition theory needs better sociological grounding, and I nominate interaction ritual theory as a potentially productive complement. Informed by contemporary work on interaction ritual, future recognition theory can contribute to public and academic debates about microaggressions and other aspects of the vernacular of inequity that are still often unjustly dismissed.

Pathologies of society and social philosophy: new perspectives from Finland

ABSTRACT The main aim of this paper is to illustrate the distinctive features of the Finnish school of critical theory, focusing especially on its reception of Axel Honneth’s theory of recognition and his ideas regarding the concept of social pathology. In this respect, the article will provide a concise description of the philosophical work of some of its members: Onni Hirvonen, Heikki Ikäheimo, Arto Laitinen and Arvi Särkelä. The paper consists of seven parts. First, the paper will sketch a very general account of Honneth’s theory of recognition and social life, and, secondly, it will describe the ways the Finnish scholars have reinterpreted Honneth's paradigm of recognition. The third part will discuss two conceptions of social pathology that Honneth has explicitly endorsed in his intellectual career: Christopher Zurn’s idea of pathology as a second-order disorder, and the organicist conception of social pathology, which Honneth himself has put forward in his essay The Diseases of Society: Approaching a Nearly Impossible Concept. Part four and five will then look at how the Finnish theoreticians have discussed and criticized these two conceptions of social pathology that are central in Honneth's work. In part six, the paper will briefly introduce some of the more fundamental criticisms that scholars have aimed at Honneth and, more or less directly, at the Finnish scholars. Finally, the article will explain why the new perspectives of Laitinen, Ikäheimo, Hirvonen, and Särkelä are, in any case, consistent with Honneth's philosophical perspective.

Childhood trauma, parental bonding, and social cognition in patients with schizophrenia and healthy adults.

This study investigated associations between childhood trauma, parental bonding, and social cognition (i.e., Theory of Mind and emotion recognition) in patients with schizophrenia and healthy adults. Using cross-sectional data, we examined the recollections of childhood trauma experiences and social cognitive abilities in 74 patients with schizophrenia and 116 healthy adults. Patients had significantly higher scores compared with healthy participants on childhood trauma, and lower scores on parental bonding and social cognitive measures. Physical neglect was found to be the strongest predictor of emotion recognition impairments in both groups. Optimal parental bonding attenuated the impact of childhood trauma on emotion recognition. The present study provides evidence of an association between physical neglect and emotion recognition in patients with schizophrenia and healthy individuals and shows that both childhood trauma and parental bonding may influence social cognitive development. Psychosocial interventions should be developed to prevent and mitigate the long-term effects of childhood adversities.

‘Respect’ and ‘agency’ as driving forces for China–Africa relations

Relations between China and African countries have blossomed in recent years. This paper uses the theory of respect and recognition in social and political philosophy to examine how China is engaging with African countries within the context of two specific instruments of China’s public diplomacy. While pursuing its self-interest, China has anchored its engagements with African countries on a peculiar brand of public diplomacy encapsulated in the rhetoric of non-intervention in Africa’s domestic affairs, as well as the symbolism of frequent and reciprocal official visits by the highest political leaders and bureaucrats from China and African states. These characteristics, which are perceived by Africans as China’s show of equality-based respect for African countries, have facilitated China–Africa relations. Using the emerging dynamic of China–Africa relations, this paper affirms the proposition that given asymmetric information on the real motivations of nations in adopting specific foreign policy, it is perception that determines how one party responds to signals from the other.

Vulnerable recognition: recovering Hegelian agonism

ABSTRACT In this paper, I argue that a conception of vulnerable recognition addresses both the shortcomings of conventional understandings of recognition and Patchen Markell’s provocative critique (and abandonment) of recognition theory in Bound by Recognition. First, I outline Markell’s critique of conventional recognition theory and his call for the politics of recognition to be replaced by a politics of acknowledgement that turns toward the self and welcomes contingency. Second, I propose a reframing of recognition as vulnerable in response to conventional recognition theory’s limitations. This more agonistic conception of recognition recaptures the dynamism of Hegelian recognition that has been lost in recent decades. It draws attention to the desires, structures, and practices that underpin misrecognition and calls for an embrace of vulnerability, ambiguity, and political risk.

Image pattern recognition in identification of financial bills risk management

The automatic identification system of financial bills needs to have high recognition rate, high anti-interference and real-time to ensure its recognition effect. Based on the image recognition theory, this study uses the differential projection method to define the boundary of the bill. The horizontal projection gradation of the boundary area of the bill character line is significantly reduced from large to small, and the horizontal difference projection of the grayscale image can be performed to locate the boundary of the bill image. The word height of bills studied in this paper is constant, the character line spacing is equal, and the horizontal differential projection is used to realize row positioning. The main process of the system is to first select the check image, and then the software part realizes the process of image analysis, preprocessing, character segmentation, feature extraction, character recognition, etc. Finally, the recognized amount is output to the interface. It is proved by experiments that the recognition rate of this algorithm is high, which can provide theoretical reference for subsequent related research.

Reification and the Duty to Work Through the Past: On Critical Theory and Temporality

Abstract This article focuses on the role that the notion of temporality can and should play in the tradition of Critical Theory. Following an overview of the critical analyses of time found in the works of Marx, Lukács, Weber, Adorno, Fromm, and Marcuse, the article analyzes Hartmut Rosa’s critique of social acceleration and argues that this critique lacks a firm normative basis. This basis is required, however, for one to claim why certain processes of social acceleration are wrong. It is shown that Rosa’s analyses of acceleration contain two suggestions for such a basis: autonomy understood as a narrative identity, and autonomy as defended by Honneth’s theory of recognition. After an exploration of both suggestions, in which the ideas of MacIntyre and Ricoeur are briefly discussed as well, it is argued that a combination of both may result in a specific, normative understanding of reification, which is defended against Honneth’s definition of this concept. Based on an interpretation of passages in Horkheimer and Adorno’s Dialectic of Enlightenment and Adorno’s notion of “working through the past,” the article claims that reification should be understood as a forgetting of the narratives that have shaped the self and the social structures under which this self is formed, and therefore as the inability to recognize the temporal dimensions of the autonomous self.

Luta por reconhecimento: a gramática moral dos conflitos sociais

The present review aims to synthesize the theory of recognition developed by Axel Honneth in his work “The Struggle for Recognition: The Moral Grammar of Social Conflicts". His study contains three chapters that interconnect within the methodology used by Critical Theory. First, the author proposes a historical presentification, indicating Hegel's original idea. Subsequently, Honneth updates the structure of social relations of recognition proposed by Hegel; and concludes, pointing out the perspectives of social philosophy, by indicating the aspects of morality and the evolution of society.

Populism on the periphery of democracy: moralism and recognition theory

ABSTRACT Moralism is an often-cited feature of populist politics; yet, as a concept, it remains under-theorised in current literature. This paper posits that to understand the threat that populism poses to democracy, it is necessary to develop this key feature of populism. Essential to discerning what moralism is is the difference between moralism, or moralistic blame, and moral criticism. While moral criticism is a restrained and thoughtful method of holding persons accountable for their actions, moralism amounts to a distinctly punitive form of exclusion: it seeks to undermine the equal moral status of the target of criticism. As a key feature of populism, then, moralism enables a political actor to solidify a conception of the ‘morally-pure‘ while normalising hate and disrespect for particular persons and groups in society. Populism – shaped by the features of anti-pluralism and moralism – therefore presents a clear threat to democracy, especially if we consider pluralism and recognition-respect as two basic principles underpinning democracy itself.

Recognition and the politics of indigenous citizenship

ABSTRACT Recognition theory responds to political exclusion. It provides ways of thinking about the tension between universal liberal citizenship and the distinctive claims that indigenous peoples make with reference to prior occupancy and the universal right to self-determination. However, the complex and contested political questions that recognition theory examines are not easily answered. In this article, I propose Nancy Fraser’s participatory parity as a transformative, and not simply distributive, approach to recognition, which offers scope for substantive indigenous voice in state policy making. I use participatory parity to contest arguments that the meaningful recognition of indigenous peoples is not possible in liberal democracies like Australia and New Zealand. I argue that, instead, participatory parity complements the extant authority that indigenous peoples claim over their own affairs. This kind of recognition, through differentiated citizenship, means that indigenous peoples are simultaneously inside and outside the state. Recognition through participatory parity provides a foundation for self-determination. However, its full potential and moral acceptability to indigenous peoples depend on it being the genuine recognition of equals and on its capacity to provide reasons to accept the moral legitimacy of the state which may, for many indigenous people, be an unrealistic and unreasonable expectation.

Understanding paid support relationships: possibilities for mutual recognition between young people with disability and their support workers

The quality of paid relationships is key for effective support, yet little is known about how people receiving and providing support understand and experience the relationship. This paper reports on recent research that explored the role of relationships with paid support workers in strengthening the rights and wellbeing of young people with cognitive disability in Australia. The research used photo-rich participatory methods with 42 pairs of young people and their support workers and drew on Honneth’s recognition theory to specifically explore experiences of being valued, respected and cared about in their work together. The findings point to the importance of these connected aspects of recognition in paid support relationships, highlighting both the presence and absence of these, as well as experiences of misrecognition. The implications of recognition for strengthening support need close consideration in an international context characterised by personalisation of support, resource constraints and inquiries into poor practice. Points of interest Relationships are key to good quality support. We wanted to know whether and how paid support relationships between young people with cognitive disability and support workers in Australia contribute to feeling valued, respected and cared about. Young people felt valued when the worker noticed what they did and found ways to help them achieve what they wanted to do. They felt respected when they could make decisions about choices and control over their lives. They felt cared about when they felt personal warmth, they were listened to, they felt their views mattered and they trusted each other. When young people felt harmed, they felt it deeply. The worker often did not intend to cause harm with their words or actions. The careless harm sometimes was from unequal power in the relationship. The inequality sometimes took away the voice of the young person. Sometimes the support worker also felt like their voice could not be heard. The research is important because how we feel about being with another person is key to how we know who we are. It develops the self-esteem, self-respect and self-confidence of the young person and the support worker. Knowing this matters for improving the quality of personal support.