Theory Of Psychosocial Development Research Articles

Factors Leading Young Christian Adults to Elope in the Anglican Church of Kenya, Taveta East Archdeaconry

This study sought to establish factors leading young Christian adults to the practice of eloping among youth in the Anglican Church, Taveta East Archdeaconry. It was guided by the Human Psychosocial Development Theory, Ecological Model Theory, and Moral Development Theory. It adopted a descriptive research design. The target population was eloping aged 20 - 40 years, 5 clergies, and 61 parents. The study used a purposive sampling method. The study’s sample size was 176. Face-to-face interviews were used for the clergy. Focus group discussions were used for the parents. The questionnaires' accuracy and reliability were verified by the inter-rater method. The analyses made use of the statistical package for social sciences version 28. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, such as frequencies, mean, and percentages. Qualitative data was organized into themes for analysis. The study findings include; factors such as; peer influence, financial difficulties in a family, little guidance and counseling in church; parents’ support for eloping practice; phone; youth failing to embrace the Christian faith, which contribute to the practice of eloping among the Christian youth in Taveta East Archdeaconry. Language barrier posed a challenge to some respondents. Some were more conversant with Kiswahili than English prompting the translation of questionnaires from English to Kiswahili. Questionnaires require more time to reach the respondents, filling and returning them. This was solved by early communication to clergy and timely distribution. The number of respondents per focus group in some parishes was less than expected. This was solved by increasing the number of respondents in another station.

Growing Up With Temporarily Absent Parents: The Case of Southeast Asian Young Adults

This research aimed to gain insights into the growing-up experience of Southeast Asian young adults with temporarily absent parents, a phenomenon prevalent due to economic migration and employment opportunities abroad. Utilizing a case study approach and employing thematic analysis, the study is framed by five pivotal theoretical lenses on Attachment Theory; Psychosocial Development Theory (Erikson, 1950) ;Cognitive Stress Theory (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984); Ecological Systems Theory (Bronfenbrenner, 1979) that explores the interaction between cultural norms and family dynamics; and Self- Determination Theory (Ryan & Deci, 2009). The study reveals key themes as Understanding Growing Up with Temporarily Absent-Parents, Understanding Independence, Shared Identity (Pakikipagkapwa), Relational Dynamics, Personal Responsibility, Self-Managing Emotions, Self-Management, and Support Networks. These themes collectively paint a comprehensive picture of the journey towards self- reliance, emotional resilience, and the vital role of support systems. The findings enrich developmental psychology and family studies, offering significant insights for the development of supportive policies and programs for families with temporarily absent parents in this culturally rich region.

Conceptual and Theoretical Review of Self-Worth

This study examined the significance of self-worth as a crucial factor in human mental health and psychosocial development. The study explores self-worth interventions, mental disorders, and available resources. A comprehensive analysis of the conceptual and theoretical aspects of self-worth is undertaken. To begin with, the study offers conceptual justifications drawn from the self-worth literature, elucidating theoretical perspectives on the formation of self-worth in individuals. It elaborates on related concepts and their interconnections with self-worth. Furthermore, the examination extends to the influence of culture on self-worth development and emotions. Theoretical discussions on self-worth are approached through Psychoanalytic theory, Psychosocial development theory, Transactional analysis theory, and Attachment theory. The research scrutinizes the association between various mental disorders and self-worth, investigating how a lack of self-worth may exacerbate or precipitate certain psychopathologies. Previous interventions aimed at enhancing self-worth are outlined, accompanied by an exploration of methods for measuring self-worth. The study emphasizes the pivotal role of self-worth in individuals' mental health, considering the implications of concepts like unconditional self-worth and contingencies of self-worth. Recommendations are provided for individuals, parents, and mental health professionals based on the findings.

The Absence of Father/Mother and Postmemory in Rawi Hage’s Carnival (2012)

This article aims to explore the consequences of parents’ absence in transmitting the memory of homeland in Rawi Hage’s Carnival (2012). This narrative demonstrates how storytelling could reflect on the protagonist’s memory of home and origins as an Easterner. Besides, it analyzes the significance of using the transmission of memory and how it could shape the second generation’s identity. In such a diasporic literary work, the protagonist, Fly, attempts to construct their own identity even in the absence of their parents; however, traumatic memories about childhood cause a deep disparity in the mind. Hage’s Carnival identifies the circus life where the protagonist was born and raised as an old memory. Further, it identifies the flying carpet, inherited from the protagonist’s father, as a path to an imaginary space. The latter represents an escape from a miserable life. In this respect, the memory transmission of Fly is studied based on Hirsch’s conception of postmemory and Erikson's theory of psychosocial development and identity formation.

Effectiveness of Erikson's Ego Counseling as an Individual Counseling Approach

Erikson's ego counseling is an individual counseling approach based on Erikson's theory of psychosocial development. This approach views that individuals develop through eight stages of ego development. The goal of Erikson's ego counseling is to help clients achieve ego integrity by overcoming psychosocial crises at each stage of development. This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of Erikson's ego counseling as an individual counseling approach through a literature review. The method used is a systematic literature review of previous research on the application and effectiveness of Erikson's ego counseling. The results of the study show that Erikson's ego counseling is effective in helping clients overcome problems in achieving developmental tasks, identity crises, career stagnation, and other psychosocial problems. Erikson's ego counseling has also been proven to be able to increase the achievement of ego integrity. In conclusion, Erikson's ego counseling is an effective individual counseling approach based on the literature review conducted.

Psychosocial Identity, Intimacy and Suicidality in Young Adults

Objective Suicidality in young adults is a serious and growing clinical and social problem. The theory of psychosocial ego development assumes that identity and intimacy are two key factors for adaptation and vulnerability in early adulthood. The aim of the present study was to test whether psychosocial identity and intimacy are related to suicidality in young adults, even when controlling for confounding variables (depressive symptoms, sex, age, health and economic assessment, religious commitment, and pandemic-related distress). Method Respondents aged 18–25 (n = 607) completed the Identity-Confusion and Intimacy-Isolation subscales from the Modified Erikson Psychosocial Stage Inventory, as well as the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised and answered questions about the pandemic-related distress and various sociodemographic factors. Results At the level of bivariate analyses, both identity and intimacy were negatively associated with suicidal risk in the overall sample and with the frequency of suicidal ideation in the suicide risk subsample (n = 242). Weaker identity, but not intimacy, was associated with belonging to a suicide risk group in multivariable logistic regression. Moreover, ordinal regression showed that, in the subgroup with suicide risk, identity was negatively associated with the frequency of suicidal thoughts. Conclusions Identity is a negative correlate of suicidality in young adults. Identity-focused therapy may be a promising target for intervention in suicidal young adults.

Inspiration of Eriksons Psychosocial Development Theory on Elderly Education in China

China's aging population is a pressing issue, with a growing percentage of individuals aged 65 and older. This essay delves into the implications of this demographic shift on various aspects of Chinese society and explores strategies to address the challenges posed by an aging population. It highlights the importance of sustainable development, health, and well-being of aging and underscores the role of education and training for the elderly in achieving broader societal goals. Drawing from Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the paper proposes an integrated approach to Chinese elderly education that can enhance the well-being of the elderly, contribute to societal development, and provide a roadmap for addressing China's aging challenges. The paper emphasizes the need for a comprehensive understanding of the elderly's educational needs and the importance of lifelong learning to navigate the complexities of an aging population successfully. Ultimately, this research offers practical and applicable insights into the intersection of psychology, education, and societal development in the context of China's aging population.

Psychosocial experiences of Foundation Phase teachers in South Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic

In this article we present an exploration and understanding of the lived psychosocial experiences of Foundation Phase teachers (FPTs) in South Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic. This phenomenological research was conducted with a specific group of 6 FPTs from 3 provinces in South Africa, namely, KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), Gauteng (GP) and the Western Cape (WC). Purposive sampling was selected alongside availability and convenience of the research participants. Multiple methods of generating data were selected: semi-structured interviews, collage inquiry and metaphor drawing. The Psychosocial Development Theory was used as a theoretical framework to offer lenses in exploring and understanding the psychosocial experiences of FPTs who were working during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa. Throughout data interpretation and analysis, vignettes were presented through themes and sub-themes and collage portraiture was used as an analysis tool to support and enliven the analysis. The research findings reveal that FPTs in South Africa had knowledge and understandings of the COVID-19 pandemic, experienced a variety of challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic, and needed intervention strategies to support them during the COVID-19 pandemic. A psychosocial development research intervention model has been created for FPTs to work during the COVID-19 pandemic or in similar emergencies.

Moral Dilemma: The Exam Dilemma

In daily life, it is widespread for people to encounter numerous moral dilemmas, which is, in fact, a decision-making process—in which people often make different choices for a variety of reasons, making it a "moral dilemma" that is hard to decide rather than a " fact" that everyone agrees on. Thus, a specific moral dilemma (the exam dilemma) is demonstrated: a girl named Lisa found that her best friend cheated in a critical exam while her sister took part in it. The question is whether or not to report the friend, as reporting the friend could cause everyone to retake the exam (which could be harsher). In this case, two experiments are designed to obtain data from different influencing variables, including age, cultural context, marital status, etc. Based on this situation, this article will elaborate on some hypothetical factors and different theoretical perspectives that could be argued to be responsible for the deviation of the results of the two experiments, including (a) Morality as Cooperation; (b) age; (c) cross-cultural effects; (d) Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development; (e) marriage; and finally the aspect of (f) deontology and utilitarianism. This article will analyse what they are from these perspectives and why they can be a possible factor in the final result.

Life review therapy in the elderly with Alzheimer's dementia

Aging is an inevitable process experienced by everyone and is closely associated with a decline in both physical and mental functions. Physically, the elderly are vulnerable to age-related diseases, including dementia. Life Review Therapy (LRT) emerges as a non-pharmacological intervention that assists the elderly in reflecting on and contemplating various aspects of their lives. The roots of this therapy are based on Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory and aim to enhance emotional and psychological well-being through the process of recalling and narrating life experiences. The steps of LRT involve discussions about successes, failures, and significant events in life, with the goal of rebuilding meaning and providing satisfaction. In cases of dementia, LRT can provide cognitive stimulation, allowing individuals to engage in thinking and remembering activities, potentially improving cognitive function. This therapy can also strengthen social relationships and offer opportunities for individuals to share their life stories with others.

Identity versus Identity Crisis: An Analysis of Erikson’s Epigenetic Principle in Isabel Allende’s Daughter of Fortune

Identity and identity crisis are crucial aspects of a person’s mental and physical well-being. Identity is what sets an individual apart from others in society. An identity crisis can cause a person to experience confusion and uncertainty at various stages of their life. Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development is based on the ‘Epigenetic principle,’ which suggests that our environment and culture influence how we progress through the planned stages of personality development. Erikson’s eight stages describe how people develop emotionally and socially throughout their lifespan. In Isabel Allende’s novel, Daughter of Fortune, the protagonist Eliza Sommers undergoes an identity crisis. The paper focuses on this concept of identity and identity crisis and the mystery and troubled identity surrounding Eliza Sommers.

Exploring Adolescent Development in Diverse Cultures: Insights and Implications

This study delves at teenage behavior and interactions in many cultural contexts, providing vital insights into their development. This study sheds light on the multifaceted aspects of adolescent behavior, peer relationships, and their quest for independence by employing established theories such as adolescence theory, Erikson's psychosocial development theory, Bandura's social cognition theory, Piaget's cognitive development theory, and Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory. Observations were carried out in Morocco, Egypt, Myanmar, Kyiv, and Jakarta to document the experiences of teenagers aged 12 to 14. The stories emphasize topics such as solidarity, independence, companionship, and identity exploration. The findings include observations such as unity among Moroccan girls, assertive self-expression in Egyptian males, pleasant mixed-gender relationships in Myanmar, and worrying behavior in a Ukrainian adolescent. Adolescent growth is influenced by cultural environment, peer connections, and ecological systems, according to these narratives. The study advances our understanding of teenage experiences across cultures, informing interventions and policies that promote healthy development and well-being.

Applying Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development to understand autonomy development in children and youths with deafblindness: a systematic literature review

This systematic review revealed how children and youths with congenital deafblindness (CDB) exhibit autonomy characteristics and how caregivers perform autonomy support, which Erikson described as part of the first three stages of psychosocial development. This review comprises 22 studies that explicitly addressed one or more autonomy characteristics or autonomy support tasks. The results demonstrated that children and youths with CDB exhibited most characteristics of Erikson’s first stage (e.g., explorative behavior in their nearby environment and with objects within reach) and caregivers predominantly fulfilled autonomy tasks in the first stage (e.g., being present and near the child). In addition, children and youths with CDB exhibited independent acts at the second stage, although these were often limited to asking for or refusing concrete objects in the here-and-now situation. The limited degree to which the children with CDB exhibited autonomy characteristics from the second and third stages seems to co-occur with their struggle to develop symbolic communication. Additionally, the review revealed that caregivers supported autonomy by remaining present and nearby, even when autonomy support tasks from the second and third stages might be more appropriate in supporting the autonomy of children and youths with CDB (e.g., the second stage’s autonomy support task to balance between offering the child protection and encouragement, and the third stage’s task to support the child in taking initiative and setting goals). We recommend the use of a longitudinal video-feedback intervention that both supports the children’s and youths symbolic communication skills and supports caregivers in finding a balance between being present and nearby and fostering the autonomy characteristics of children and youths with CDB.

Features of Experiencing Situations of Uncertainty in Adolescence: Theoretical Excursus

The article analyzes the problem of tolerance to uncertainty in adolescence, including from the point of view of neurology and the theory of psychosocial development. Special attention is paid to the consideration of significant age stages affecting the formation of this psychological characteristic. Interrelations of tolerance to uncertainty with other psychological characteristics and types of activity are considered. Based on the study and analysis of sources, the importance of developing tolerance to uncertainty in adolescence has been established. The assumptions about the sensitivity of adolescence for the formation of tolerance to uncertainty are substantiated.

A Critique of The Tyranny of Merit from a Psychological Perspective: Would Randomness to Success Reduce Distributive Injustice or Induce Psychological Existential Crisis for Adolescents?

This manuscript provides a critical analysis of Michael Sandel’s proposal to introduce a “lottery of the qualified” system as a solution to the perceived distributive injustice within the current meritocratic education system. While cknowledging Sandel’s perspective on the distributive deficiencies in the college admission process within contemporary meritocratic education, the author presents a counterargument to Sandel’s proposal of implementing a lottery system, with a particular emphasis on its psychological implications. Drawing on Erik Erikson’s psychosocial development theory, the critique argues that the proposed lottery system may hinder the crucial identity formation process during adolescence, leading to psychological existential crises. This assertion is supported by real-world examples from the Chinese education system, which already operates with a similar mechanism and has witnessed a rise in psychological issues among students. In conclusion, this manuscript advocates for alternative solutions to address distributive injustice within contemporary meritocratic education system, such as redefining the concept of merit and shifting the focus of rewards towards contributions to the broader community. The author underscores the significance of considering both social and psychological implications when formulating educational policies to foster a more equitable and just society.

Rodzina jako przestrzeń kształtowania się tożsamości w opinii studentów pedagogiki

The research results presented in this article are a fragment of a broader empirical material collected in order to find out the opinions of pedagogy students on the family as a space for identity formation. The theoretical considerations refer to Jerzy Nikitorowicz’s concept of a multifaceted and continuously forming identity, and to Erik H. Erikson’s psychosocial theory of development. In addition, an attempt was made to establish the answer to the question: What are the students’ opinions on the family as a space for the formation of their identity? In order to obtain an answer, the method of diagnostic survey was used in the research, and a questionnaire was used as a technique. The survey of 64 students of pedagogy shows that for most of them, the family is of great importance in the formation of their identity. Relationships with parents, siblings, grandmothers, grandfathers, and other relatives are factors that, according to the respondents, have a significant impact on the process of building their identity.

The Role of Crises in Human Development

Crises are often viewed negatively as disruptions that hinder individuals and social groups. However, crises can also present opportunities for growth and development. This article explores psychological concepts that perceive crises as catalysts for change, motivating individuals to seek help and find constructive solutions in difficult situations. The article examines various psychological theories on crises. It discusses the different ways individuals respond to crises, ranging from effectively managing them to experiencing mental breakdowns. Crises have complex symptoms and causes, influenced by personal and environmental factors such as family, workplace, material status, and social groups. Anxiety is a common characteristic of crises, often reaching a high level before individuals acknowledge the need for concrete actions. Quick fixes like medication provide temporary relief but do not resolve the underlying crisis. Crises often involve conflicts and decision-making, where passivity becomes a negative and destructive choice. The article also explores crises in developmental terms, drawing upon Erik Erikson’s psychosocial development theory and Kazimierz Dąbrowski’s theory of positive disintegration. Erikson identifies specific crises in each stage of development, while Dąbrowski emphasizes the role of tension and disruption in achieving higher levels of personal growth. Not all crises lead to development, and not all changes constitute developmental changes. Developmental changes are irreversible, sequential, autonomous, unidirectional, and goal-oriented. The article categorizes development into continuous, leap, and crisis development, highlighting the transformative nature of crisis-induced changes. The article argues that crises, despite their hardships, should be viewed as opportunities for personal and collective development. By confronting crises and actively seeking constructive solutions, individuals and communities can achieve higher levels of growth and improve their quality of life.

HARNESSING THE POWER OF LOVE AND CARE TO TRANSFORM BEHAVIOR ACROSS ALL AGES

The influence of love and care can be transformative on human behavior regardless of age. The theory of psychosocial development by Erik Erikson and Shakespeare's Seven Ages of Man are utilized to extract insights. Through examining every phase of Erikson's theory and Shakespeare's seven ages, this article emphasizes the importance of love and care to conquer challenges and develop individual satisfaction. One should understand oneself and others to lead a fulfilling life. The results offer important knowledge for both laypersons and experts concerned with comprehending the effects of love and care in enhancing communication and emotional health at all stages of life

Probable Causes And Strategies to Address The Issue of High Rate of Debauchery Among The Youth: With Reference to Erik Erikson’s Fifth Stage of Psychosocial Theory of Personality Development

Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development posits that individuals advance through eight different stages of life, each marked by a crisis that must be resolved in order to successfully move on to the next stage. According to Erikson's theory, successfully resolving these crises leads to the development of a healthy psychosocial identity, while a failure to resolve these crises can result in a less healthy identity or even identity confusion. The youth of today shows a lot of misconduct in the society and this is attributed to the fact that they fail to resolve the conflict at the fifth stage (identity vs role confusion) of psychosocial theory of personality development. The study reveals some of the probable causes of debauchery among others as mass media, bad peer influence, dysfunctional homes, poor parenting styles and lack of education. The study however suggested some strategies to address the issue of high rate of debauchery; education, building strong relationship with the youth, building confidence and self-compassion and good peer influence. It was therefore concluded that teenagers at this time investigate numerous facets of identity and either acquire a coherent sense of who they are or stay confused about who they are and what they want out of life. Parents, on the other hand, are supposed to provide a good parenting style that will not damage the child in terms of identifying himself or herself. It was recommended among others that school authorities and lecturers in higher institutions should intensify efforts in educating the youth on moral values that will enable them acquire a set of beliefs and values on what is right and wrong which will make them excel. Again, institutions can establish policies and procedures for addressing misconduct, including reporting and investigation protocols, as well as consequences for violating standards of behavior.

An Eriksonian Reading of The Body by Hanif Kureishi: Integrity Versus Despair

The ageing body and old age issues are among the prominent concerns of Western civilization throughout 21st century. The body, as the new raw material of consumer society, is perceived as something that can be changed as a result of medical developments and even bought and sold like other commodities. Furthering the cause of this transformations Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory which evokes the quintessence of social pressure on elder people may help to receive the complexity of the issue. In his theory, Erikson posits eight stages of development with specific tasks and crisis peculiar to each stage throughout the life span. This paper represents an attempt to examine Hanif Kureishi’s The Body novella within the framework of Eriksonian psychosocial theory of human development. Admittedly, Kureishi’s short fiction appears to be in the main dealt with ethnicity and identity matters that render the postcolonial approach. Yet, this study is significant in that it deals with the pressures of society, becoming increasingly severe against old people, on ageing, which points out the last stage of Erikson, integrity vs. despair. It also reveals that past experiences and personal desires affect someone’s psyche. Through The Body, the tie between society and individual, desires and realities, appearance and internal existence have been affirmed. It may be concluded when Hanif Kureishi’s The Body is evaluated within the framework of Erikson’s psychosocial development theory, the accuracy of the effects of socio-cultural factors on personality development has been determined.