Theory Of Planned Behavior Variables Research Articles

Self-Identity Matters: An Extended Theory of Planned Behavior to Decode Tourists' Waste Sorting Intentions.

Waste sorting is a practical way of handling the garbage and an effective strategy for facilitating sustainable waste management. This research extended the theory of planned behavior (TPB) with self-identity and moral norms to predict waste sorting intentions in a heritage context of tourism. A total of 403 valid self-administrated questionnaires were achieved at a heritage destination in China. The results indicated that: (1) TPB variables (i.e., attitudes toward the behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control), self-identity, and moral norms were all directly and positively linked to tourists' waste sorting intentions, respectively; (2) self-identity indirectly influenced tourists' waste sorting intentions through the mediation of moral norms; and (3) the integrated model exhibited better predictive utility than any single model. This research contributes to the literature on waste management in the context of tourism by extending TPB with identity and personal normative constructs. It also provides practical implications for destination managers to leverage tourists' self-identity and moral norms for sustainable management.

The Effects of Data Security and Perceived Benefits on Mobile Phone Recycling Behaviour and the Recycling Intention Mediation Role

Mobile phones are the most heavily utilised electronic devices on a global scale. Since they are relatively smaller than other electronic devices, unlike other electronic waste (e-waste), they are not disposed of properly. Hence, this study examines the factors influencing mobile phone users’ overall intention to recycle their mobile phones. The factors used originate from the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), but additional factors were also included, namely, perceived benefits and data security, to allow for a more in-depth analysis of customer behaviour. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was employed to analyse 601 results from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) through a self-administered online survey. The results demonstrate that perceived benefits (whether environmental or financial) and perceived behavioural control possess the most statistically significant positive effects on the UAE mobile phone users’ intention to participate in reverse supply chain (RSC) processes such as refurbishing or recycling. The impacts of attitude and subjective norms were the second most positive influences. Meanwhile, only 7% of UAE mobile phone users were significantly impacted by data security in participating in RSC processes. Additionally, recycling intention had no noticeable mediation effect on the relationship among the TPB variables and the extended variables (namely, data security and perceived benefits) and mobile phone recycling behaviour. The study offers confidence to industrial players in implementing these particular factors in their reverse supply chain management (RSCM) systems to influence more users to return end-of-life (EOL) or end-of-use (EOU) mobile phones, which could, in return, assist in resource preservation and environmental protection.

Socio-cognitive determinants of plagiarism intentions among university students during emergency online learning: Integrating emotional, motivational, and moral factors into theory of planned behavior

The exceptional circumstances surrounding the COVID-19 closures of campuses and emergency online learning have caused challenging circumstances on preserving academic integrity. Still, little is known about how the interplay between diverse contextual and psychological determinants influences beliefs and inclinations to plagiarism during online learning. The current study aims to understand better multiple factors that predict attitudes and intentions to commit plagiarism during and after the pandemic. To that end, an extended model based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) that examines the impact of socio-psychological, emotional, motivational, and ethical factors explaining plagiarism intentions was tested. The study applied a survey instrument to a sample of 435 undergraduate students from three universities in Oman. Using the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), the results showed that fear of COVID-19 significantly and positively impacted the plagiarism attitude. Academic self-efficacy significantly and negatively influenced attitudes to plagiarism. All TPB variables significantly influenced intention to plagiarize, including subjective norms, attitudes perceived behavioral control and past behavior, except moral obligation. The current study’s findings contributed to theory advancement by extending TPB to examining antecedents to subjective norms toward plagiarism and emotional and motivational determinants of attitudes. Finally, the current study recommends practical and research implications for curbing digital plagiarism in higher education post to the pandemic.

Factors Associated With Airline Cabin Crews' Influenza Vaccination Intention in the Workplace-based Setting.

Yearly influenza vaccination is the best way to prevent influenza. Workplace vaccination program for airline cabin crews is an important countermeasure in the management of infectious diseases. Understanding the influenza vaccination behavior of cabin crews is essential to establishing strategies to promote vaccine uptake. This study aimed to examine factors associated with airline cabin crews' influenza vaccination intention in a workplace-based setting. We applied the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to explain the vaccination behavior of employees. A cross-sectional study was performed in April 2021. Participants self-reported the structured questionnaires that consisted of TPB variables, and reasons for influenza vaccination/nonvaccination in 2020. A total of 253 crew members participated, and 242 were included in the analysis. The influenza vaccination rate was 70.7% in 2020, and vaccination intention was 5.92 of 7 points in 2021. Multiple linear regression showed that influenza vaccination intention was associated with subjective norms (β = .394, p < .001), positive attitude (β = .145, p = .007), perceived behavioral control (β = .170, p = .004), actual behavioral control (β = .145, p = .010), and the previous year's vaccination (β = .163, p < .001). The model accounted for 57% of the variance in influenza vaccination intention (F = 40.959, p < .001). Our findings indicate that TPB is useful in explaining employees' influenza vaccination intention and influencing factors. Focusing on positive messages that emphasize the social effects of vaccination and providing free vaccination on specific dates are potential strategies to increase intention. It can be applied to help design on-site workplace vaccination programs for essential frontline workers.

How psychological factors affect speeding behavior: Analysis based on an extended theory of planned behavior in a Chinese sample

Speeding, the most frequent traffic offense, is a key contributor to road crashes. This study explores the psychological factors affecting drivers’ speeding behavior (exceeding the posted speed limit by more than 10%) based on the extended theory of planned behavior (TPB). The scale incorporating TPB constructs and additional variables (Type A personality, risk perception, and driving habit) was developed to collect empirical data, and 945 valid samples were obtained. The reliability and validity of the developed scales were verified, and a structural equation model of drivers’ speeding behavior was established to explore the causal relationship between speeding behavior and psychological characteristics and the interrelationships between TPB variables (speeding intention, attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control), explicit cognition predictors (risk perception and Type A personality) and implicit habitual factors (driving habit). The results showed that speeding intention and driving habit positively correlated with self-reported speeding behavior. In addition, attitude and risk perception positively correlated with speeding intention. Although Type A personality trait had no significant effects on speeding behaviors, it had significant effects on attitude and risk perception. In addition, the results of the mediation analysis demonstrated that speeding intention, driving habit, and attitude toward speeding are the most influential factors. Attitude and risk perception have a significant indirect effect on speeding behavior mediated by speeding intention. Drivers’ attitudes, driving habits, and risk perception played a mediating role in the relationships between Type A personality traits and speeding behavior. The findings yield insights into useful information and directions for designing road safety interventions, developing driver education and training programs, and strengthening social messaging aimed at the general public.

Sharing social media data: The role of past experiences, attitudes, norms, and perceived behavioral control.

Social media data (SMD) have become an important data source in the social sciences. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the experiences and practices of researchers working with SMD in their research and gain insights into researchers' sharing behavior and influencing factors for their decisions. To achieve these aims, we conducted a survey study among researchers working with SMD. The questionnaire covered different topics related to accessing, (re)using, and sharing SMD. To examine attitudes toward data sharing, perceived subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, we used questions based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). We employed a combination of qualitative and quantitative analyses. The results of the qualitative analysis show that the main reasons for not sharing SMD were that sharing was not considered or needed, as well as legal and ethical challenges. The quantitative analyses reveal that there are differences in the relative importance of past sharing and reuse experiences, experienced challenges, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control as predictors of future SMD sharing intentions, depending on the way the data should be shared (publicly, with restricted access, or upon personal request). Importantly, the TPB variables have predictive power for all types of SMD sharing.

Exploring consumer attitudes: Organic herb cordyceps and intention to purchase

Cordyceps are a form of herb that is nurtured and propagated utilizing organic farming techniques. This study investigated consumers’ intention towards adopting the organic herb cordyceps, also referred to as “Thungchao” in Thai language. The research was driven by increased health awareness among people, and skewness towards use of organic as compared to conventional medication. In Thailand, the herb has been consumed traditionally for years, because of its medical benefits. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) was applied to investigate the outcomes of users’ perceptions (perceived experience with organic product, perceived health benefit, information awareness) and TPB aspects (subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, attitude towards organic herb) to examine intentions of consumers’ towards adopting codyceps. The research collected primary data from 452 Thai respondents. Collected data were evaluated utilizing Structural Equation Modeling analysis. Results revealed that for the perceived customers’ experience, intention to use organic herb cordyceps was positively and significantly influenced by perceived experience with organic hers and information awareness. All the TPB variables – subjective norm, perceived behavior control, and attitude towards organic herbs – significantly and positively influence consumers’ intention towards organic herb cordyceps. The research recommended that organic herb cordyceps “Thungchao” has many medical benefits, and its consumption should be encouraged. Information awareness and sharing of the knowledge of the herb’s medical requirement and benefits, resources and dosage are necessary to encourage or rather influence consumers intention.

Probing Reluctance to Green Consumerism in an Emerging Economy: An Empirical Evidence

Purpose: The paper aims to understand how eco labels influence attitude towards green product purchases. The study progresses to analyze why attitude does not translate to actual purchase behavior even when eco labels transpire green information to customers'. This is done using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) Design/methodology/approach: The study used partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS SEM) to analyze the statistical data. The TPB was used as the root model to understand the green purchase behavior and how eco labels with product attributes influence attitude towards green products. The variables of TPB namely attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control contributed to the constellation of green product behavior. The questionnaire was distributed using convenience sampling method to 241 youths (university students). Findings: Firstly, the study successfully established the validity of TPB in the Indian context towards green products. It classifies the model on product, perception and actual level which adds to the better rendition for consumers' green behavior. Secondly, with the addition of eco labels and product attributes of green products improved the prediction power of TPB from 53.1% to 58.5%. Thirdly, eco labels and product attributes came out to be cardinal antecedents to harbor favorable attitude towards green products. The study also found the attitude was not translating to green purchase behavior and mandated further inquiry to the concern. Finally, the study vouches for gender neutrality while promoting green products. Research implications: Firstly, the study adds to the mounting evidences towards the applicability of TPB towards green product purchase in India. Secondly, the study addresses the importance of ecol labels and product attributes towards harboring favorable attitude towards green products. Finally, unfolds the nuances for the inability to translate attitude towards green purchase behavior. Managerial implications: Firstly, the study advances the indispensability of eco labels to promote green products. Firms can materialize on this dynamics of information dissemination through eco labels and promote sustainable attitude among consumers'. Secondly, the firms can understand the dynamics of consumer behavior and work accordingly to frame policies conducive towards translating attitude into green purchase behavior. Thirdly, the study strongly documents the need to market green products in a gender neutral manner. Originality: The study draws novelty on two prospects. Firstly, the study uses eco labels and product attributes as antecedents towards attitude. Secondly, the study also aims to determine the actual green purchase behavior using the TPB model. Thirdly, the study investigates the moderating role of gender towards green product behavior.

Role of COVID-19 risk perception in predicting the intention to participate in exercise and health behaviors among Korean men

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has prompted the implementation of social distancing policies worldwide, limiting participation in exercise and substantially impacting health behaviors. In accordance with the theory of planned behavior (TPB), the present study aimed to develop a model for predicting the intent to participate in exercise and engage in health behaviors among Korean men using the perception of COVID-19 risk as an exogenous variable. We analyzed data obtained from 374 Korean men who had completed a 32-item, online questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was performed to evaluate the effect of attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control (PBC) on the intention to participate in exercise and health behaviors using COVID-19 risk perception as an antecedent variable. COVID-19 risk perception exerted significant negative effects on the attitude toward exercise participation (β = −0.857, p &lt; 0.001), subjective norms associated with exercise participation (β = −0.862, p &lt; 0.001), and PBC related to exercise (β = −0.738, p &lt; 0.001). In addition, both attitude (β = 0.213, p &lt; 0.001) and subjective norms (β = 0.168, p = 0.001) exerted significant effects on the intention to participate in exercise. PBC also exerted significant effects on the intention to participate in exercise (β = 0.580, p &lt; 0.001) and health behaviors (β = 0.461, p &lt; 0.001). Lastly, the intention to participate in exercise exerted a significant effect on health behaviors (β = 0.400, p &lt; 0.001). The data indicated that, among TPB variables, PBC exerted the greatest influence on the intention to participate in exercise and had a significant effect on engagement in health behaviors. The current findings support TPB as an important theoretical model for predicting the intention to participate in exercise and patterns of health behavior among Korean men during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study also highlights the importance of addressing PBC when designing interventions to promote exercise participation and health behaviors among Korean men.

Post-pandemic intention of the tourism and hospitality (t&amp;h) industry employees towards the use of information technology

Purpose - The extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) (Ajzen, 1991) is used in this research to understand the post-pandemic behavioral intentions of tourism and hospitality employees in relation to their use of information technology. Design/methodology/approach - Data were collected using an online survey, and 449 responses were considered to meet the selection criteria. Structural equation model (SEM) is used to empirically test the proposed research model. Findings - The results of SEM show that all the variables of TPB (attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control) along with trust are positively associated with the behavioral intention of employees in T&amp;H industry towards the use of information technology and the model has better predictive power. Originality/value- This study provided deep insights and outstanding contributions to the theoretical framework and proposed a model for post-pandemic employee behavioral intention regarding the use of IT. This study explores the factors that influence T&amp;H employees’ postpandemic behavioral intentions regarding information technology use. It also explores and integrates the various benefits of information technology to T&amp;H industry employees and provides insight to hotel employees, travel agents, tour operators, and other stakeholders.

Purchase Intention of Halal Lip Cosmetics on Shopee among Youth Generation: An Investigation using Theory of Planned Behavior

Abstract. As the world's largest Muslim-majority country, Indonesia presents its Islamic Economic Landscape in the 2019-2024 Sharia Economic Masterplan, which features halal cosmetics as one of the six highlighted clusters. The leading research shows that Muslim women have expressed concerns regarding cosmetic product compliance with halal standards. This study aims to explore the specific purchase intentions of Indonesian Muslim young women regarding halal lip cosmetics, focusing on their preferences and behavioral intentions on a popular e-commerce platform (Shopee). This research object is Generation Z and Y Muslim women in Indonesia, totaling 210 respondents. This research employs a quantitative data analysis approach using the Smart-PLS 3.2.9 Variance-Based Structural Equation Model. All hypotheses significantly and positively affect the purchase intention of halal lip cosmetics on shopee. The findings indicate that the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) variables (Attitude- SubjectiveNorm- Perceived Behavioral Control) can still be applied to examine the behavioral intentions of young Indonesian Muslim women regarding the purchase of halal lip cosmetics. In addition, the extended variables of TPB (E-WOM and Brand Image) emerged as positive predictors of behavioral intention, indicating that further investigation of other variables as potential extensions of TPB is needed. Keywords: E-WOM, brand image, theory of planned behavior, purchase intention, shopee, halal lip cosmetics.

Determinants of water use saving behaviour toward sustainable groundwater management

Promoting GW saving behaviour is one of the strategies to support sustainable groundwater use and management and climate change adaptation. However, few studies paid attention to GW saving behaviours. To address this, we surveyed GW users (N = 338) to investigate factors influencing current GW saving attitudes and how GW saving behaviour is shaped in the community through the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). Participants were asked about the perception of their GW saving and water saving intentional behaviour. The probit regression use deployed explore factors influencing water users’ perception of GW saving. Structural Equation Model (SEM) was also used to construct the TPB variables to investigate psychological factors influencing GW saving intention behaviour. The findings show water users in the agricultural sector (β = −0.98, p = 0.01) are negative with GW saving bahavior. Changing to the users in the agricultural sector, the self-perception of GW saving tends to decrease in z-score by 0.98 at a statistical significance level. Awareness of GW extraction impacts (β = 0.89, p = 0.002), GW adequate knowledge and information (β = 1.16, p = 0.015) and GW tariff (β = 0.78, p = 0.02) have strongly influenced GW saving behaviour. The GW saving intentional behaviour has been influenced by subjective norms (β = 0.52, p < 0.001) and perceived behavioral control (β = 0.21, p < 0.001). Our findings suggest that GW policy options should pay attention to GW tariff application, awareness raising about GW impacts, GW knowledge dissemination to control GW abstraction in the community and enhance GW water saving attitude and behaviour in the community. The study also appeals to the engagement of local community in water governance to increase the social pressures on water-saving changing behaviors.

Waste separation-Who cares? Organizational climate and supervisor support's role in promoting pro-environmental behaviors in the workplace.

Corporate environmental sustainability is currently a major goal of many businesses. This study's main objectives were to examine the interactive role of green organizational climate and supervisor support in predicting pro-environmental behaviors (PEBs) at work, namely paper and plastic waste separation, and to test the mediating role of individual-level variables of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in this relationship. The research specifically tested the attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control's mediation of the relationship between green organizational climate and self-reported waste separation, and whether supervisor support moderates the relationship between green climate and TBP variables. Data for this cross-sectional study were collected with an online survey of 311 workers and multiple regression analyses, with the macro Process, were performed to test the hypotheses. The findings confirm the TPB variables' mediating effect. Perceived green climate is positively related to employees' attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control regarding waste separation, which in turn are connected to higher reported levels of paper and plastic separation. The workers' perception of supervisor support moderates the relationship between green climate and subjective norms in favor of paper separation. These findings indicate that green climate is less strongly linked to subjective norms when supervisor support is perceived as stronger than when it is seen as weaker. In conclusion, a green organizational climate plays a determining role in workers' separation of waste at work as it fosters individual motives to perform these behaviors. Moreover, supervisors can provide their workers with social norms and inspire them to support environmental sustainability practices. Thus, as part of an overall transition strategy to achieve sustainability, organizations need to invest in green policies and practices and incentivize supervisors to encourage PEBs and capitalize on their close links to subordinates to foster sustainable norms.

Moral obligation for recycling among youth: extended models of the theory of planned behaviour

PurposeThis study aims to extend the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) model to explain youth’s recycling behavioural intentions in India. Perceived moral obligation (PMO) to perform such pro-environmental activities is incorporated in the TPB model. The study also aims to validate the extended version of TPB models with direct and indirect relationships and identify the best competing model among original TPB, extended TPB model “Model A” (moral obligation is an explanatory variable to recycling behaviour) and extended TPB model “Model B” (moral obligation as an explanatory variable to attitude, perceived behavioural control [PBC] and recycling behavioural intentions; and responsive variable to subjective norms) to predict Indian youth’s waste recycling behaviour.Design/methodology/approachThe descriptive study adopted a hypo-deductive research design to test the proposed extended TPB models. The study used a survey research design with a structured questionnaire. A sample of 782 youth with a mean age of 18 was obtained to perform the correlational analysis. The scale validity and reliability are measured using structural equation modelling and identified the robust model with higher explanatory power using the Chi-square difference (Δχ2) statistic test.FindingsResults show that the extended TPB model “Model B” has a better fit and explanatory power than competing models to predict the waste recycling behaviour of youth. Further findings substantiate that PMO has a higher indirect effect on recycling intention. Model B supports the utility of moral obligation and its association with youth’s higher waste recycling intention and actual recycling behaviour.Research limitations/implicationsThe study considers solid waste recycling in general, and therefore future research should test the proposed model specific to other household wastes like water recycling. Furthermore, future studies can experiment with the model with additional variables like perceived relative benefits, social benefits, self-efficacy and education level of the respondents. In a strict sense, the research concern the respondents and the generalisation to a broader population should be made with caution. Hence, further studies in various geographical areas with larger sample sizes would allow the generalizability of the results.Practical implicationsThis research provides insights into PMO and its influence on recycling intention. Promoting waste recycling behaviour through campaigns, social pressure and accepting the phenomena of “significant others” will encourage better waste recycling behavioural purposes. Indian households who are highly concerned and obliged towards environmental protection would develop favourable attitudes and subjective norms towards waste recycling.Social implicationsThe study proved the effect of subjective norms on intentions. This contention explains that recycling mostly happens within the house and is mostly not witnessed by society and friends. Therefore, adopting waste recycling behaviour is not socially acceptable as they are not fully aware of its benefits. Policymakers should create awareness to develop environmental-friendly behaviour through recycling solid waste and develop exclusive campaigns to sensitise the negative impact on the environment.Originality/valueThe study’s originality is to test the extended TPB model “Model B”, with PMOs as an additional key variable, which has higher explanatory power to predict the youth’s waste recycling behavioural intentions in the Indian context. PMO found a positive and significant effect on attitude, PBC and recycling behavioural intentions. The higher indirect result of PMO on behavioural purposes through TPB variables indicates the importance of personal moral obligation in pro-environmental behaviour.

Attachment, altruistic personality traits and the theory of planned behaviour as predictors of altruistic driving behaviours in young adults

Young adults are overrepresented in crash statistics compared to mature drivers. Research has addressed this concern by investigating factors related to risky driving; however, studies investigating altruistic driving are scarce. Altruistic driving, conceived as driving in a way that benefits others without expectation of benefit for oneself, may lead to less risky driving and reduction in crashes. The current study investigated psychological attachment, altruistic personality traits and Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) constructs as predictors of altruistic driving behaviours. The sample consisted of 17–25-year-old licensed drivers, living in Queensland, Australia, who had completed at least three quarters of mandated supervised driving practice with their mother or father as supervisor. Participants completed two linked online surveys. Survey 1 (N = 93) assessed sociodemographic factors, TPB variables, previous behavioural performance, attachment, altruism and intentions for altruistic driving. Survey 2, occurring two weeks later (n = 23), measured opportunity for and engagement in altruistic driving. The results of hierarchical multiple regression analyses supported the predictive value of the TPB constructs in explaining behavioural intention in general altruistic driving and two specific altruistic driving scenarios. However, altruism and attachment were not significant predictors of intention in any scenario. Bivariate correlations found that neither intentions or PBC (from Survey 1) were significantly associated with altruistic driving behaviours (from Survey 2) in any scenario. This research increases knowledge about motivators of altruistic driving by young drivers. This insight may be used to inform road safety interventions to motivate more altruistic driving, decrease aggression on the roads, and reduce young driver involvement in crashes.

Parents' intentions toward preschool children's myopia preventive behaviors: Combining the health belief model and the theory of planned behavior.

This study aimed to develop an integrated model based on the health belief model (HBM) and the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to explore the influencing factors of parents' intentions toward preschool children's myopia preventive behaviors. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Minhang District, Shanghai, China in January 2022. One thousand six hundred and twenty-eight parents of preschool children from seven preschools were recruited in the study. A four-part questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, HBM variables, TPB variables and parental intentions. This study used exploratory factor analysis to analyze HBM and TPB items. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed to explore the relationship between independent variables and parents' intentions toward preschool children's myopia preventive behaviors. The final integrative model showed that perceived severity, perceived barriers, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control were associated with parents' intentions toward preschool children's myopia preventive behaviors. In model 1, Child's age was entered as a control variable and explained 0.6% of the variance (F = 7.241, p = 0.007). When the HBM variables were entered in model 2, the proportion of variance increased to 25.4% (F = 73.290, P < 0.001). In model 3, TPB variables were entered and explained 63.2% of the variance (F = 246.076, p < 0.001). The integrated model of HBM and TPB constructed in this study significantly improved the degree of explanation of parents' intentions toward preschool children's myopia preventive behaviors. Parents' perceived severity, perceived barriers, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control can be prioritized intervention targets for myopia preventive practices in preschool children.

Mobile phone use among truck drivers: The application and extension of the theory of planned behavior

Commercial truck drivers are particularly exposed to the risks associated with distracted driving, especially with mobile phone use while driving (MPWD), due to their higher driving exposure (DE) (e.g., high driving frequency, long driving hours and distance). However, despite being identified as one of the major causes in truck crashes, truck drivers’ MPWD behavior has received little attention. In the current work, the theory of planned behavior (TPB), extended with DE, was applied to explore the determinants of MPWD among commercial truck drivers in China and examine the correlations between drivers’ DE and psychological factors. We conducted an Internet survey and collected 420 valid questionnaires, which measured truck drivers’ 5 standard TPB variables, DE and demographics. Structural equation modelling was used to analyze the data from the survey. The results showed strong support for the application of the proposed TPB model in explaining truck drivers’ MPWD behavior. Specifically, truck drivers’ behavioral intention (BI) had the greatest direct positive effect on MPWD behavior, while perceived behavioral control (PBC) had no direct positive effect. Moreover, PBC, attitude (ATT) and DE were significantly and positively associated with BI, while subjective norm was insignificant. As expected, DE has significant positive effects on truck drivers’ psychological factors underlying MPWD behavior, especially on ATT and PBC, indicating that truck drivers with higher DE tend to have more positive attitudes toward MPWD and feel more confident about performing this risky behavior. These results may have notable practical implications in providing theoretical support for management and intervention of commercial truck drivers.

The Role of Social Capital in Predicting Tourists' Waste Sorting Intentions in Rural Destinations: Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior.

Improper waste disposal of tourists has detrimental impacts on the environment, economy, and people in rural destinations. Separating at the source is an effective means to mitigate these adverse impacts on rural destinations. Hence, identifying factors influencing tourists’ waste sorting intentions in rural destinations is critical to the sustainability of rural tourism and rural land. However, few studies focus on tourists’ waste sorting intentions. Drawing on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and social capital, this research examined the determinants of tourists’ waste sorting intentions in rural destinations. A total of 395 valid questionnaires were collected from a rural destination in Huzhou, China. The results indicated that: (1) all TPB variables, i.e., attitude toward the behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, positively and directly affect tourists’ waste sorting intentions; (2) interpersonal trust directly and positively influences tourists’ waste sorting intentions; (3) subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, interpersonal trust, and emotional bonding indirectly influence tourists’ waste sorting intentions through the mediation of attitude toward the behavior; (4) emotional bonding does not directly affect tourists’ waste sorting intentions, but the link is established through the mediation of attitude toward the behavior. This research expands the body of knowledge by integrating individuals’ psychological elements with their social contexts. The findings offer some theoretical and managerial implications for understanding how tourists’ social contexts facilitate tourists’ waste sorting intentions.

Faktor-faktor yang Memengaruhi Minat Mahasiswa Mengikuti Program Sinergi (S1-S2) Sekolah Pascasarjana IPB

This study aims to analyze the interest of undergraduate students in the Synergy Program of the Graduate School of IPB (SPs IPB) based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). This study uses a sampling technique with a non-probability sampling method involving 389 active undergraduate student respondents with several parameters distributed through an online questionnaire. The data was then processed by analysis of the Structural Equation Modeling- Partial Square Least (SEM-PLS) using Smart PLS version 3 with reflective indicator measurements. The results of the research based on the TPB theory showed that all the variables in the TPB, namely the attitude variable, subjective norm and perception of control had a significant effect on increasing respondents' interest in participating in the SPs IPB synergy program. Furthermore, the results of the SEM-PLS analysis show that of the three TPB variables, the subjective norm variable has the highest influence on student interest compared to other variables. The subjective norm variable in this study was formed from several external factors, namely the dimensions of parents, dimensions of lecturers and dimensions of students. Thus, SPs IPB can increase the input of the synergy program participants by optimizing the three TPB variables, especially from the subjective norm variable through the role of parents in the form of providing information, fellow students in the form of delivering word of mouth information and lecturers in the form of providing recommendations. Keywords: intention, sinergy program SPs, sem pls, theory of planned behavior

The Role of the Theory of Planned Behavior in Explaining the Energy-Saving Behaviors of High School Students with Physical Impairments.

People with physical impairments can help solve energy problems by participating in diverse energy-saving behaviors, such as switching off lights or turning off an air conditioner when not in use; however, they may struggle to participate in some behaviors due to mobility impairments. This study aims to examine factors that impact the energy-saving behaviors of high school students with physical impairments. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) was used to test whether attitudes towards energy-saving behaviors, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control could affect intentions, which then leads to performance of energy-saving behaviors. The participants were 330 high school students with physical impairments in Thailand. A questionnaire was employed to measure energy-saving behaviors and TPB constructs. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to validate all study variables; structural equation modeling (SEM) was then used to test causal relationships among TPB constructs and energy-saving behaviors. The results showed that the TPB could be used to explain the energy-saving behaviors of students with physical impairments, that subjective norms were the most significant predictor of behavioral intentions, and that intentions significantly impacted energy-saving behaviors. While perceived behavioral control did not have a direct effect on behaviors, it had a significant effect on intentions. Under the TPB construct, of the studied variables, attitude had the lowest power to predict students’ intentions to perform the concerned behaviors; however, the impact of attitude was still statistically significant. The results suggest that all TPB variables can predict energy-saving behaviors of high school students with physical impairments, but their power to predict the behaviors is different. To promote student participation in energy-saving behaviors, it is important to create subjective norms and eliminate obstacles that students with physical impairments might face when performing energy-saving behaviors.