Theory Of Perception Research Articles

Factor Analysis of Housing Choice in Flood Prone Areas: Focusing on The Effect of Place Attachment on Risk Perception

Coastal regions are particularly susceptible to the effects of climate change because of their geographical proximity to the sea. Despite this vulnerability, these areas continue to be perceived and utilized primarily as recreational spaces where individuals can own and enjoy scenic landscapes rather than as zones at risk from climatic threats. The paradoxical demand for coastal amenities in spite of the risk of flooding is investigated in this study by applying place attachment factors from a sociopsychological angle. We employed the theories of vulnerability, risk perception, and place attachment to build a conceptual framework and formulate hypotheses regarding their relationships. Our analysis, based on a structural equation model, showed that people accept these risks for the benefits of living near the coast because their perception of risk is increased by disaster exposure but lessened by place attachment. These findings highlight the urgent need for urban planning strategies that mitigate the risks associated with climate change.

Notes On Artificial Intelligence And The Rise Of New Images

Pamela Breda’s (Digital Arts) contribution "Notes On Artificial Intelligence And The Rise Of New Images" explores how hyper-realistic computer-generated images (CGI) reshape our perception of reality and its implications for human creativity. Her considerations stem from an ongoing interdisciplinary artistic research project that combines positions from visual cultural studies, cognitive psychology, and perceptual theory with historical perspectives. Breda’s contribution reflects on the historical background of CGI, its influence on various domains of individual and collective life, and its philosophical implications, her contribution provides current viewpoints on the position of AI and its past implications.

Perceptual Resolution of Ambiguity: Can Tuned, Divisive Normalization Account for both Interocular Similarity Grouping and Difference Enhancement.

Our visual system usually provides a unique and functional representation of the external world. At times, however, the visual system has more than one compelling interpretation of the same retinal stimulus; in this case, neural populations compete for perceptual dominance to resolve ambiguity. Spatial and temporal context can guide perceptual experience. Recent evidence shows that ambiguous retinal stimuli are sometimes resolved by enhancing either similarity or differences among multiple percepts. Divisive normalization is a canonical neural computation that enables context-dependent sensory processing by attenuating a neuron's response by other neurons. Experiments here show that divisive normalization can account for perceptual representations of either similarity enhancement (so-called grouping) or difference enhancement, offering a unified framework for opposite perceptual outcomes.

Roger Bacon’s indirect realism of quantity perception

ABSTRACT My goal in this paper is to contribute to the literature on Roger Bacon's epistemology by focusing on the issue of perception of quantity. The reading I aim to substantiate is that Bacon's account is best understood in terms of indirect realism. I call it indirect realism because although we have access to quantities as they exist in nature, the account is mediated by the use of a quasi-syllogism. The quasi-syllogism is constructed based on three inputs, the species of the eye, colour, and light. To defend this reading I follow five steps. First, I analyse the importance of quantity in perception, and then, in steps two and three, I look at Bacon's theory of perception from its two sides, extramission and intromission. In the fourth step I look at the quasi-syllogisms that mediate cognition of quantities, and in the fifth and final step, I draw all the threads together and make the case for Bacon's indirect realism of quantity perception.

ATTITUDE OF UNDERGRADUATE MASS COMMUNICATION STUDENTS OF BINGHAM UNIVERSITY TOWARDS JOURNALISM AS A CAREER

Research has shown that many mass communication graduates have been produced every year in Nigeria. However, only a few of them venture into journalism as a career. Using a quantitative approach, the researcher examined the attitude of undergraduate mass communication students of Bingham University, Nigeria, towards journalism as a career. The population of the study consists of 300 registered 100 to 400 level students in the Department of Mass Communication. Census method was adopted to sample the perception of the respondents towards journalism as a career. Online questionnaire via Google form was employed for data collection and analysis. The data were analyzed and presented in tables and bar chart. Hinged on the Perception Theory, findings revealed that majority (61.2%) of the participants have positive attitude towards journalism as a career. However, further finding shows that the risky and hazardous nature of journalism profession in Nigeria; such as killing, kidnapping, assault and discrimination against journalists, poor remuneration among others, immensely influenced the decision of some students to venture into other professions or careers rather than journalism after graduation. Based on the findings, the study recommended that media organizations and the Nigerian government should ensure adequate security for journalists on the line of duty, provide attractive working conditions such as appropriate salaries and allowances as well as job security and protection of the life of journalists so as to make journalism profession more attractive to the teeming young graduates of mass communication in Nigeria. Keywords: Attitude, Mass Communication, Bingham University, Journalism, Career

Algorithmic Implementation of Visually Guided Interceptive Actions: Harmonic Ratios and Stimulation Invariants

This research presents a novel algorithmic implementation to improve the analysis of visually controlled interception and accompanying motor action through the computational application of harmonic ratios and stimulation invariants. Unlike traditional models that focus mainly on psychological aspects, our approach integrates the relevant constructs into a practical mathematical framework. This allows for dynamic prediction of interception points with improved accuracy and real-time perception–action capabilities, essential for applications in neurorehabilitation and virtual reality. Our methodology uses stimulation invariants as key parameters within a mathematical model to quantitatively predict and improve interception outcomes. The results demonstrate the superior performance of our algorithms over conventional methods, confirming their potential for advancing robotic vision systems and adaptive virtual environments. By translating complex theories of visual perception into algorithmic solutions, this study provides innovative ways to improve motion perception and interactive systems. This study aims to articulate the complex interplay of geometry, perception, and technology in understanding and utilizing cross ratios at infinity, emphasizing their practical applications in virtual and augmented reality settings.

Audience Perception on the Impact of Television Reality Shows on the Moral Lives of Adolescents in Taraba State

This study titled “Audience perception on the impact of television reality show on the moral lives of adolescents in Taraba State, Nigeria,” aims to examine audience’s perceived view about the moral impact of the show(s) on adolescents in Taraba State especially on those in their developmental stage. The study was anchored on the Perception theory to provide support for ongoing discussion. The study was contingent on a dual research method, utilizing survey (quantitative) and In-depth interview (qualitative) research designs. The study’s population comprises of respondents resident in Taraba State who are audiences of television reality show(s). A sample size of 384 respondents was determined using the Taro Yamane’s determinism sampling technique. Multi stage sampling method was employed to select three Local Governments in the strata from the three senatorial district of the State, while simple random sampling was used to select the wards as well as the proportional sampling method was utilized to get numbers of respondents who are audience of television reality show in the three stratums. Findings from the study shows that adolescents in Taraba State have access to television reality show and can form a reasonable opinion about the show. Findings also indicate that, the Big Brother Naija, the Nigerian Idol, and the Voice Nigeria among others are the various television reality shows that adolescents in Taraba State have access to. The study concludes that since television reality shows has the potency to influence and sway ideas, programme packaging and design of the show should be tilted towards building learning and promoting excellence instead of obscenity, nudity and materialism. It is therefore recommended, among others, that content creators, stakeholders and government parastaltas in liaison with the ministry of Arts and Entertainment should work together, prioritize television reality shows, develop and broadcast a TV show that reflects the true nature of the Nigerian society and that are value oriented.

The Effectiveness of Task-Based Language Teaching Instructions Using Microsoft Teams in Writing Recount Text at SMAN 1 Beber

This study used an effective strategy to help students in improving their writing skills. The strategy was Task based language teaching using Microsoft team that will make students more flexible for learning process. Besides, this study aimed to explain the planning, the practice, the result of the students’ assessment, and the effectiveness of task-based language teaching using Microsoft Team in teaching writing recount text at SMAN 1 Beber. The researcher used a sequential explanatory mixed-method that displays a descriptive analysis of quantitative data and an in-depth understanding through qualitative data. It was modified from the perception theory of Creswell (2014), the instrument used in qualitative and quantitative were observation, interview, questionnaire and test that support the quantitative data. The study subjects were X grade students of SMAN 1 Beber, which consisted of 144 students. The result of the test showed that the students this strategy was effective to improve students' writing skills. In this case, the researcher planed in implementing TBLT strategy were: chosen the familiar topic, explained the task phase and gives clear instruction, then ask them to prepare themselves to do oral presentation in front of the class. Besides, researcher implemented TBLT with some activities and roles. There were Plan a trip, Problem- solving, and Text Making. After learning process by implementing TBLT using Microsoft teams the students can follow and improve their results in writing skills. In which from 144 students, 84 students (59%) in low category, 46 students (32%) in medium category and 14 students (9%) in high category. Furthermore, the use of TBLT and Microsoft Team are very useful for teachers and students in teaching- learning process. It can be seen from the students’ writing test. The percentages are from 144 students, 18 students (13%) in low category, 121 students (84%) in medium category and 5 students (3%) in high category. Keywords: Microsoft Team, TBLT, Recount Text.

Is air pollution the original sin of firms? The impact of air pollution on firms' ESG scores

This is the first article to demonstrate the negative impact of air pollution as an informal institution on firms' ESG scores with listed manufacturing firms in China from 2010 to 2020. It is based on causal attribution theory and risk perception theory. We argue that, under the current ESG rating system, air pollution issues may be overly attributed to firms, resulting in decreased ESG scores. We find that when PM2.5 pollution concentration increases by 1 μg/m3, firms' ESG scores decrease by roughly 0.3 points. These results remained significant after a series of robustness tests and instrumental variable regressions. We find that firms in heavily polluting industries are almost twice as affected as those in non-heavily polluting industries. The negative impact on labor-intensive firms is also significantly higher than the impact on capital-intensive firms. State-owned firms and large-scale firms are less affected than private firms or small firms. The results show that information asymmetry is an important influencing mechanism. Firms can reduce the negative influence of air pollution through active information disclosure and external media reports. We note that air pollution can also decrease firms' ESG scores by increasing firm survival risks. Our results enrich the ESG literature and contribute to the understanding of the impact of informal institutions on firms' ESG scores.

Understanding counter-urbanization and re-urbanization in pandemic: Insights from People's migration behavior in China

This study investigates the drivers behind migration from larger to smaller cities and from urban to rural areas (counter-urbanization), along with the reverse migration (re-urbanization) during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Utilizing a retrospective survey of 1000 respondents across China from January 2020 to April 2023, we explored how pandemic-related factors influenced migration behaviors. A theoretical framework integrating push-pull, risk perception, and human capital theories was developed. Boxplot visualization was used to examine the motivations for counter-urbanization during the pandemic, and regression models were applied to identify the complex factors driving both counter-urbanization and re-urbanization. Key findings reveal that pandemic-induced insecurity and perceptions of the strictness and effectiveness of virus prevention measures significantly influenced migration decisions. Notably, land ownership in rural hometowns served as a crucial "safety net" for rural populations, affecting their migration decisions. This study differentiates between migration types: urban-to-rural versus larger-to-smaller cities, and compares the driving factors behind both processes. By focusing on both counter-urbanization and re-urbanization, this research highlights the interplay of psychological, policy, and economic factors that shape migration patterns in the context of public health crises.

An Analysis of Jesuit Missionary Aleni’s Interpretation of Aristotelian Theory of Perception: Based on Xingxue Cushu in Late Ming China

An Analysis of Jesuit Missionary Aleni’s Interpretation of Aristotelian Theory of Perception: Based on Xingxue Cushu in Late Ming China

Contributions of dysfunctional plasticity mechanisms to the development of atypical perceptual processing.

Experimental studies of sensory plasticity during development in birds and mammals have highlighted the importance of sensory experiences for the construction and refinement of functional neural circuits. We discuss how dysregulation of experience-dependent brain plasticity can lead to abnormal perceptual representations that may contribute to heterogeneous deficits symptomatic of several neurodevelopmental disorders. We focus on alterations of somatosensory processing and the dynamic reorganization of cortical synaptic networks that occurs during early perceptual development. We also discuss the idea that the heterogeneity of strengths and weaknesses observed in children with neurodevelopmental disorders may be a direct consequence of altered plasticity mechanisms during early development. Treating the heterogeneity of perceptual developmental trajectories as a phenomenon worthy of study rather than as an experimental confound that should be overcome may be key to developing interventions that better account for the complex developmental trajectories experienced by modern humans.

Эволюционные, когнитивные и семиотические основания обучения в виртуальной реальности

The article addresses the classical epistemological debate on direct and indirect realism from educational perspectives relating to the studies of Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Real­ity (AR). Recently, D. Hoffman introduced the Interface Theory of Perception stating that senses and thoughts mediate and represent reality similar to interface of computer represent­ing hidden process in a computer. Hoffman goes further and compares the nature of cogni­tion with production of virtual reality. Studies of VR partly confirmed such statements. For instance, due to an interaction of our mind with computer-generated objects (signs), move­ment and acceleration in VR during a virtual free fall from a parachute experienced as real. By using the Interface Theory of Perception and semiotic theory, the paper examines how the signs and interactions in VR scenarios can replace/construct studied realities and be used for learning. It is argued that VR allows building for learners ‘developmental niches’ to ex­perience and acquire new skills or conceptual knowledge. Overlays or signs augmented on these VR environments give ‘semiotic scaffolding’ for learners who re-construct studied social realities or receive instructions for the acquisition of professional skills. These results were investigated in three types of VR environments with different degrees of semiotic scaf­folding and evaluated by experts in cultural education. It is shown that VR provides learning environments similar to the real world and provided semiotic scaffolding reduced the cogni­tive loads in these developmental niches. VR environments for professional learning as well as for general education can benefit from using semiotic scaffoldings in virtual apprentice­ship and professional instruction. Augmented Reality could also scaffold and speed-up sci­entific discoveries through the effective integration of researchers into the ‘collective me­mory’ (global databases) and technically scaffolded processes of recognition.

P‐175: Quantitative Analysis of LCD Motion Ghosting Based on Visual Perception Model

In order to analyze the motion ghosting phenomenon on liqu id crystal displays (LCDs), a motion block artifact simulation model based on response time (RT) curves is established usin g human visual perception theory. By calculating the brightn ess integral, the presence and degree of the Rebound pheno menon are quantified. Furthermore, based on the quantified changes in RT curves at different frames, the mechanism of Rebound generation is analyzed and improvement measures a re proposed.

The Neural Corelates of Constructing Conceptual and Perceptual Representations of Autobiographical Memories.

Contemporary neurocognitive frameworks propose that conceptual and perceptual content of autobiographical memories-personal past experiences-are processed by dissociable neural systems. Other work has proposed a central role of the anterior hippocampus in initially constructing autobiographical memories, regardless of the content. Here, we report on an fMRI study that utilized a repeated retrieval paradigm to test these ideas. In an MRI scanner, participants retrieved autobiographical memories at three timepoints. During the third retrieval, participants either shifted their focus to the conceptual content of the memory, the perceptual content of the memory, or retrieved the memory as they had done so on previous trials. We observed stronger anterior hippocampal activity for the first retrieval compared with later retrievals, regardless of whether there was a shift in content in those later trials. We also found evidence for separate cortical systems when constructing autobiographical memories with a focus on conceptual or perceptual content. Finally, we found that there was common engagement between later retrievals that required a shift toward conceptual content and the initial retrieval of a memory. This final finding was explored further with a behavioral experiment that provided evidence that focusing on conceptual content of a memory guides memory construction, whereas perceptual content adds precision to a memory. Together, these findings suggest there are distinct content-oriented cortical systems that work with the anterior hippocampus to construct representations of autobiographical memories.

Potential Risks and Benefits Associated With the Genetic Modification of Crops for Improved Nutritional Content in South Africa

Purpose: The aim of the study was to examine potential risks and benefits associated with the genetic modification of crops for improved nutritional content in South Africa Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study revealed that the genetic modification of crops addresses global challenges related to malnutrition, food insecurity, and public health. By enhancing the levels of essential nutrients such as iron, zinc, vitamin A, and folate in crops, genetically modified biofortified varieties have the potential to improve the nutritional status and well-being of populations, particularly in resource-constrained settings. Moreover, the adoption of GM biofortified crops has been shown to increase agricultural productivity, reduce production costs, and enhance economic returns for farmers, contributing to rural development and poverty alleviation. However, the potential risks associated with the genetic modification of crops cannot be overlooked. Concerns about food safety, environmental impact, and socio-economic equity necessitate careful consideration and proactive risk management strategies. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Risk Perception Theory & Social Construction of Technology may be used to anchor future studies on potential risks and benefits associated with the genetic modification of crops for improved nutritional content in South Africa. Engage stakeholders, including farmers, consumers, civil society organizations, and government agencies, in decision-making processes related to the development, regulation, and deployment of GM biofortified crops can foster transparency, trust, and inclusivity, leading to more socially acceptable and sustainable outcomes in practice. Develop science-based regulatory frameworks that balance the potential risks and benefits of GM biofortified crops, ensuring safety, environmental sustainability, and public health protection.

Brain representations of motion and position in the double-drift illusion.

In the 'double-drift' illusion, local motion within a window moving in the periphery of the visual field alters the window's perceived path. The illusion is strong even when the eyes track a target whose motion matches the window so that the stimulus remains stable on the retina. This implies that the illusion involves the integration of retinal signals with non-retinal eye-movement signals. To identify where in the brain this integration occurs, we measured BOLD fMRI responses in visual cortex while subjects experienced the double-drift illusion. We then used a combination of univariate and multivariate decoding analyses to identify (1) which brain areas were sensitive to the illusion and (2) whether these brain areas contained information about the illusory stimulus trajectory. We identified a number of cortical areas that responded more strongly during the illusion than a control condition that was matched for low-level stimulus properties. Only in area hMT+ was it possible to decode the illusory trajectory. We additionally performed a number of important controls that rule out possible low-level confounds. Concurrent eye tracking confirmed that subjects accurately tracked the moving target; we were unable to decode the illusion trajectory using eye position measurements recorded during fMRI scanning, ruling out explanations based on differences in oculomotor behavior. Our results provide evidence for a perceptual representation in human visual cortex that incorporates extraretinal information.

Compositionality in perception: A framework.

Perception involves the processing of content or information about the world. In what form is this content represented? I argue that perception is widely compositional. The perceptual system represents many stimulus features (including shape, orientation, and motion) in terms of combinations of other features (such as shape parts, slant and tilt, common and residual motion vectors). But compositionality can take a variety of forms. The ways in which perceptual representations compose are markedly different from the ways in which sentences or thoughts are thought to be composed. I suggest that the thesis that perception is compositional is not itself a concrete hypothesis with specific predictions; rather it affords a productive framework for developing and evaluating specific empirical hypotheses about the form and content of perceptual representations. The question is not just whether perception is compositional, but how. Answering this latter question can provide fundamental insights into perception. This article is categorized under: Philosophy > Representation Philosophy > Foundations of Cognitive Science Psychology > Perception and Psychophysics.

MEG Evidence That Modality-Independent Conceptual Representations Contain Semantic and Visual Features.

The semantic knowledge stored in our brains can be accessed from different stimulus modalities. For example, a picture of a cat and the word "cat" both engage similar conceptual representations. While existing research has found evidence for modality-independent representations, their content remains unknown. Modality-independent representations could be semantic, or they might also contain perceptual features. We developed a novel approach combining word/picture cross-condition decoding with neural network classifiers that learned latent modality-independent representations from MEG data (25 human participants, 15 females, 10 males). We then compared these representations to models representing semantic, sensory, and orthographic features. Results show that modality-independent representations correlate both with semantic and visual representations. There was no evidence that these results were due to picture-specific visual features or orthographic features automatically activated by the stimuli presented in the experiment. These findings support the notion that modality-independent concepts contain both perceptual and semantic representations.

Zooming through History: Active Perceptual Experience Mediated by Technology

This article examines the evolution of zooming and its impact on human perception, blending historical analysis with concepts from enaction and ecological psychology. The paper traces the advancement of magnifying tools from ancient lenses to modern optical instruments, highlighting their transformative role in extending human capabilities to perceive beyond natural limits. Central to this exploration are Zoomable User Interfaces (ZUIs), which exemplify the integration of perceptual theories into technological innovation. ZUIs are presented not just as tools but as interactive platforms that embody enactive and ecological principles, enabling users to engage dynamically with multi-scale digital environments. This approach challenges traditional views of perception, emphasizing an active, embodied experience that aligns with our cognitive abilities, opening up new perceptual agencies. The paper concludes by exploring future possibilities in virtual reality and multimodality, suggesting new directions for zoom technologies to enrich human perceptual experiences. This work offers a narrative that underscores the continuous human quest to enhance our understanding and interaction with the world, marking the expansion of human perception and interaction with our environment.