Orientation Theory Research Articles

When career success enhances employees' life satisfaction: different effects of two types of goal orientations

PurposeDrawing on goal orientation theory, the authors propose a moderated mediation model, wherein objective career success is positively related to employees' life satisfaction through subjective career success moderated by learning and performance goal orientations.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 188 employees in South Korea. The hypotheses were tested with the moderated mediation regression analysis.FindingsThe results indicated that salary and promotion, as indicators of objective career success, were positively related to subjective career success. However, subjective career success mediated only the influence of salary, not promotion, on life satisfaction. Furthermore, the authors found that the indirect relationship between salary and life satisfaction via subjective career success was not significant for employees with high learning goal orientation but was significant for those with high performance goal orientation.Practical implicationsOrganizations need to understand that a higher salary and frequent promotions may not always be positively related to employees' satisfaction with career and personal life and should consider the types of goal orientations.Originality/valueThe authors’ consideration of goal orientation as a dispositional characteristic contributes to the comprehensive understanding of how employees' learning and performance goal orientations interact with objective career success in influencing their subjective career and life satisfaction.

Orientalism in Joseph Conrad’s novel Almayer’s Folly (1895): a post-colonial approach

He represents the false critic toward colonialism which depicted him as the author in the neutral side in the history of colonialism. In this undergraduate thesis, the writer attempts to reveal the pattern of Joseph Conrad’s Orientalism by find the image and stereotype of the Orient and Occident, the Fantasy of Western colonialism, the hegemony that legitimate the colonial authorities toward the Malay Archipelago and finds the evidence that proves him as the part of author who supports colonialism. The writer uses Edward’s Said Orientalism theory as the major post-colonial theory in this study to investigate the pattern of Orientalism and the evidence of Joseph Conrad as the colonialist author. The writer uses the technique of writing this undergraduate thesis by dividing the extrinsic and intrinsic element of the novel Almayer’s Folly (1895). In the finding and discussion of this undergraduate thesis, the writer reveals the pattern of Orientalism and the evidence of Joseph Conrad as the pro-colonialism author through the binary division in the novel which creates the stereotype of the Orient and compares to the ideal Victorian character depicted in his white characters in the novel. Then, Conrad creates the Western Fantasy toward the Oriental Malay Archipelago as the object for the Westerner in search of adventure, career and positioning the imaginary narrative of European territory as the happy land for the major characters.

Examining the Link Between Academic Achievement and Adolescent Bullying: A Moderated Moderating Model.

PurposeBullying is a serious problem among adolescents. Many scholars have examined school bullying in recent years; however, there are many psychological and behavioral mechanisms for bully that still remain unclear. Based on the theory of self-worth orientation, this study examined the influence of academic achievement on bullying behavior among adolescents and explored the moderating effects of perceived social support and age cohort.MethodsParticipants were 3227 middle and high school students in the 7th through 12th grades in China. A self-report method was used to measure academic achievement, social support, bullying, and demographic variables.ResultsModeration analyses indicated that the relationship between academic achievement and bullying behavior was moderated by the perceived social support of adolescents and their age cohort. Specifically, social support moderated the relationship between achievement and bullying behavior positively in the middle school group but negatively in the high school group.ConclusionThe results support the hypothesis of self-worth orientation theory and indicate that bullying intervention could be enhanced by addressing the relationships between academic achievement, social support, age cohort, and bullying.

Allegations of Sexual Misconduct: A View from the Observation Deck of Power Distance Belief

We seek to understand how third-party observers respond to allegations of sexual transgressions, whether their responses vary and if so why, how they determine perpetrator sanctions, who is more forgiving of them, and what is the psychological mechanism underlying this preference. We draw on one dimension of Hofstede's (Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1991) theory of cultural orientations—power distance belief, and one dimension of Haidt's (Psychological Review, 108: 814–834, 2001) work on moral reasoning—moral decoupling. Results from three studies on recent real-life cases—those pertaining to Harvey Weinstein, Brett Kavanaugh, and Peter Martins—reveal interesting, consistent, and dramatic findings pertaining to these research questions. Specifically, compared to observers who endorse a low power distance belief (PDB), high PDB observers selectively suspend judgments of culpability and express higher evaluations of the alleged perpetrators, are significantly more forgiving of them, convey a lower preference for naming and shaming them, and consider the alleged transgressions as less serious. These outcomes are predicated on the psychological mechanism of moral decoupling. Both high and low PDB respondents decouple the perpetrators’ competence and morality. However, high PDB observers gauge the actions of the perpetrators by emphasizing competence, while low PDB observers gauge their actions by emphasizing morality.

Fluid self-worth: The compensatory role of online social interaction

The self-worth orientation theory hypothesizes that self-worth is the ultimate reason for people's behavior. Adolescents are prone to problematic Internet use (PIU) when they obtain compensatory self-worth in online social interaction. Academic performance is highly valued in China. Compared with excellent academic performance, those with poor academic performance would be low in self-worth and thus more susceptible to compensation through online social support. However, the academic performance range of high school students was smaller than that of primary and middle schools students, who have universal education. Thus, the age cohort may moderate the moderating effect of academic performance on the relationship between POSI and PIU. Eight hundred and forty-four Chinese student-parent dyads were recruited to examine this hypothesis. The results supported this hypothesis, and these findings further support the hypotheses of the self-worth orientation theory. The practical implications and limitations of the study were discussed.

Once they’ve Experienced it, will Pre-Service Teachers be Willing to Apply Online Collaborative Learning?

Teachers’ motivation to collaborate depends on their beliefs about its contribution to learning and teaching. This mixed method study applied cognitive orientation (CO) theory to measure 266 pre-service teachers' willingness to engage in online collaborative learning (OCL) after experiencing it. Willingness to engage in OCL was examined via a digital CO questionnaire regarding four types of beliefs: one’s own functionality, one’s experience with OCL, the ideal collaborative functioning of the group, and OCL goals. Next, the correlation between these beliefs was determined. A correlation between at least three beliefs indicated a tendency, which we termed a theme. The themes possibly predicting posterior inclusion of OCL were confidence in functioning, perceived value of the collaborative writing process, and relevance of the task sequence to professional development. This research suggests a method for extracting themes indicating willingness to engage in OCL in order to demonstrate ways to enhance that willingness.

RACIAL PROFILING IN ANGIE THOMAS’ THE HATE U GIVE

ABSTRACT
 It still becomes the issue that racial profiling is still done by the White police to Black young people in the United States. For that condition, Black people struggle to put racial profiling to an end. The struggle is reflected in one of Angie Thomas’ work, The Hate U Give, which shows the incident of racial profiling experienced by the main Black characters, Starr and her best friend, Khalil. In discussing the issue, the writer used the theory of Orientalism from Edward W. Said. The concepts used to answer research questions are Occident, Orient, and Power. The qualitative descriptive method was applied to analyze the incident of racial profiling by finding relevant quotations that contain evidence and racism. The writer found Prejudice, Stereotype, and Racial Discrimination as the causes of racialprofiling in many cases. Black people do racial socialization and the Black Lives Matter Movement to oppose racial profiling.

The Science of Cathedral Studies: Exploring Demographic Profile, Motivational Intentions, and Perceived Impact among those Attending the Holly Bough Service in Liverpool Cathedral

The Holly Bough service is a unique pre-Christmas event, combining musical excellence and theological depth, crafted by the founding dean of Liverpool Cathedral in the early twentieth century for the Fourth Sunday of Advent. Located within the developing science of cathedral studies, this paper analyses the demographic profile, motivational intention (drawing on religious orientation theory) and perceived impact on spiritual wellbeing (drawing on Fisher’s four dimensional model) among 564 participants who completed a detailed survey at the service held in 2019. The data demonstrated a mix of ages, a sense of Anglican commitment to this form of event-belonging by those who return year-on-year and invite friends to join them, and a perceived beneficial impact on all four dimensions of spiritual wellbeing.

Testing a Modified Version of Schwartz’s Portrait Values Questionnaire to Measure Organizational Values in a University Context

Schwartz developed his Theory of Basic Human Values and corresponding instruments, the portrait values questionnaire (PVQ) and the Schwartz values survey (SVS), in order to measure personal values. He uses these instruments (in a slightly modified form) in conjunction with his Theory of Cultural Value Orientations to measure cultural or societal values. His theoretical work is also used in studying organizational values; however, none of these instruments seem suitable to compare personal and perceived organizational values. If the PVQ is widely used to measure personal values, and we need commensurate measures of the person and organization for comparative analysis, then can we not minimally adjust the PVQ to measure organizational values? In this article we discuss the testing of one such adjusted PVQ used for gauging universities’ organizational values. We developed the PVQ-uni to measure university values as perceived by students. We collected data from sociology departments at two universities, one in Austria ( n = 133) and one Nigeria ( n = 156). We then tested the reliability and the validity of the new instrument. Based on the data collected, we found that the PVQ-uni is a reliable and valid instrument; however, further refinements are needed for the instrument to be used successfully in Africa.

Ab initio calculation of the proton transfer reaction rate coefficients to volatile organic compounds related to cork taint in wine.

We compute the proton transfer rates to a range of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) related to cork taint in wine. These rates are useful to support quantification in proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) and in selected-ion flow-tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS). We apply the average dipole orientation theory and the parameterized trajectory method to evaluate the rate coefficients for proton transfer occurring in ion-molecule collision, from both H3 O+ and NH to the VOCs. The main input ingredients for these methods are the electric dipole moment and polarizability of the VOC molecules, which we evaluate by means of quantum chemical calculations based on density functional theory. We provide new data for proton transfer rate coefficients of compounds responsible for cork taint and off-flavor in wine such as chloroanisoles, bromoanisoles, methylisoborneol, guaiacol, and terpenes.

Abusive Supervision and Employee Relational Reputation Maintenance: A Self-Verification Perspective

While the current literature has largely maintained that one’s experience of abusive supervision can trigger their engagement in interpersonal deviance against coworkers, our research breaks new theoretical ground by showing such experience under certain circumstances could also produce positive prosocial outcomes. We do so by integrating self-verification theory and self-concept orientation theory to explain why and under what conditions victims of abusive supervision are motivated to maintain their relational reputation in the work group. Using time-lagged multi-source survey data from 253 employees and their supervisors working at a large convenience store chain, we found support for our proposed model. Our findings showed that those abused employees with a stronger relational self-concept had heightened relational reputation maintenance concerns and therefore were motivated to maintain their relational reputation by engaging in more helping behaviors and less interpersonal deviance directed towards their coworkers. Our findings further showed that the positive prosocial consequences of abusive supervision were the strongest when the abused employee had stronger relational self-concept and perceived a higher level of leader reputation in the work unit. We discussed theoretical implications of our research and limitations and directions for future research.

It Runs in the Family: A Goal Orientation Perspective on Parental Influence to Leadership

The majority of extant leadership research has focused on leaders’ stable traits and experiences in adulthood to understand the antecedents of leadership behaviors. By taking a developmental perspective, our research builds on implicit leadership theory and goal orientation theory and proposes an integrated model of leadership development that specifies the link between parenting styles received by leaders while growing up and leadership behaviors exhibited to their followers in their adulthood. In a survey conducted among Chinese executives and their team members working in a variety of different organizations, we found that authoritarian parenting leads to authoritarian and autocratic leadership styles through the mediating role of performance prove-goal orientation while authoritative parenting leads to developing and benevolent leadership through the mediating role of learning goal orientation. These findings suggest that parenting styles have far-reaching effects on leadership behaviors. We hope that our study provides a platform for future research by drawing attention to the previously under-examined developmental antecedents of leadership development.

From Chop Suey to Chop-Socky: The Construction of Chineseness in British Television Adverts

Edward Said’s theory of orientalism proposes that Western European culture has overwhelmingly tended to (mis)represent non-European cultures, societies, regions, and ethnic groups via mythic, romantic, simplistic and simplifying sets of binaries. This article asks whether orientalism remains present or active within contemporary media, by analysing the representation of ‘Chineseness’ in British television adverts between 1955 and 2018. It argues that a predictable, recurring, limited set of aural, visual and narrative cliches and stereotypes have functioned – and continue to function – as the principal resources to evoke ‘Chineseness’ in British television adverts. The analysis suggests that caricatures, cliches and stereotypes of China, Chinese people, locations, artifacts and phenomena are so common that there can be said to be a glaring seam of unacknowledged, uninterrogated orientalism functioning to maintain a kind of ‘invisible’ racism in British advertising.

Wisdom from Arabian networks: a review and theory of regional supply chain management

The purpose of this article is to present a systematic review of the supply chain management (SCM) research on the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries of Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia. Using 75 journal articles from high quality SCM-related publication outlets, the review finds three main SCM complexities of managing supply chain uncertainty: (i) strategically selecting and integrating network resources, (ii) reliably contracting and delivering high-quality solutions, and (iii) cost-effectively controlling and financing operational expansions. The review also finds that managers configure supply chains involving GCC countries with emphasis on ‘productivity–efficiency’, ‘relationship-building’, ‘technology-enabling’, ‘environmental-consciousness’, and ‘conformance-improvement’ orientations. These orientations represent the different themes for competitiveness at chain–chain levels. With insights from the review, the article develops foundations for an orientation theory, a culturation theory and an organic view of supply chains. The article also discusses prospects for future regional SCM research.

Spin-Dependent Phenomena in Semiconductor Micro-and Nanoparticles—From Fundamentals to Applications

The present overview of spin-dependent phenomena in nonmagnetic semiconductor microparticles (MPs) and nanoparticles (NPs) with interacting nuclear and electron spins is aimed at covering a gap between the basic properties of spin behavior in solid-state systems and a tremendous growth of the experimental results on biomedical applications of those particles. The first part of the review represents modern achievements of spin-dependent phenomena in the bulk semiconductors from the theory of optical spin orientation under indirect optical injection of carriers and spins in the bulk crystalline silicon (c-Si)—via numerous insightful findings in the realm of characterization and control through the spin polarization—to the design and verification of nuclear spin hyperpolarization in semiconductor MPs and NPs for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnostics. The second part of the review is focused on the electron spin-dependent phenomena in Si-based nanostructures, including the photosensitized generation of singlet oxygen in porous Si and design of Si NPs with unpaired electron spins as prospective contrast agents in MRI. The experimental results are analyzed by considering both the quantum mechanical approach and several phenomenological models for the spin behavior in semiconductor/molecular systems. Advancements and perspectives of the biomedical applications of spin-dependent properties of Si NPs for diagnostics and therapy of cancer are discussed.

Willingness to engage in online collaborative learning among Student-teachers: between ideals and actual experience

The teaching world is shifting towards the creation of collaborative knowledge. This study proposes a tool to examine willingness to engage in collaborative learning: a valid and reliable questionnaire based on Cognitive Orientation theory. Factor analysis yielded four factors affecting willingness to engage in collaborative learning: difficulties, benefits, promoting individuals’ interests, and the ability to rely on others. Significant differences were found in the willingness to collaborate in regard to the difference between each of these factors as actually experienced and its ideal. These differences were also evident in the qualitative genre analyzed according to the Theory of Personality.

The representation of the Eastern and the Western Europe as the Metaphore of East and West in Dracula by Bram Stoker (Postcolonial Approach)

<p>This research analyses some issues related to the representation of the Eastern and the Western Europe as the metaphore of East and West and the postcolonial issue reflected on Bram Stoker’s Dracula. The aims of this research are to reveal Eastern and the Western Europe as the metaphore of East and West and the postcolonial issue reflected onthe novel. This research applies theory of Orientalism and theory of ambivalence as the main theories. This research is qualitative research. </p><p>From the analysis, it can be concluded that <em>Dracula</em> by Bram Stoker implicitly contains the issue of the East and the West by representing Eastern and Western Europe. The Eastern Europe representations are exotic landscape, tradition and superstition, and lustful. The Western Europe representations are the technology and rationality, and protagonist characters. The narrative of Dracula is also the representation of the West domination over the East through the monolith stigmatization. It reflects the strength of the West as well as the flaw of the West in taking information about the East. As the result the text remains ambivalence.</p><p>Keywords: Ambivalence, East, Poscolonialism, Representation, West </p>

A Research on the Novel Gölgeler ve Hayaller Şehrinde by Murat Gulsoy with Reference to the Orientalism Theory of Edward W. Said

Batı ile Doğu medeniyeti arasındaki diyaloji ile şekillenen oryantalizm, Batı’nın Doğu’yu
 alımlama biçimlerine dayanan Batı odaklı epistemolojik bir yaklaşımdır. Yüzyıllar
 boyunca kurumsal bir bilgi alanı olarak dikkat çeken oryantalizmin, Edward W. Said’in
 1978 yılında yayımladığı Şarkiyatçılık Batı’nın Şark Anlayışları adlı kitabı ile kurumsal
 bir alan olmaktan çıkıp kurgusal bir atmosferde metinler aracılığıyla şekillenen kuramsal
 bir söylem biçimine dönüştüğü görülür. Michel Foucault’nun bilginin nesnel değil üretilebilir
 bir olgu olduğu ve iktidarla yakın bir ilişki içinde bulunduğu felsefesinden yola
 çıkan Said, Batı’nın salt emperyalist edimine odaklı oryantalist yaklaşımını yapı sökümüne
 uğratır. Said’i kendisinden önceki oryantalistlerden farklı kılan, benimsediği hümanist
 dünya görüşünün etkisiyle Batı ile Doğu’yu birbiri için gerekli kılarak oryantalizmin tıpkı
 bir anlatı gibi kurgusal bir düzlemde anlatının bir parçası olarak şekillenen bir söylem
 olduğunu savunmasıdır.
 Bu çalışmada günümüz Türk edebiyatının öne çıkan yazarlarından biri olan Murat
 Gülsoy’un (1967) Gölgeler ve Hayaller Şehrinde (2014) adlı romanı kuramsal bir analize
 tabi tutulacak ve oryantalizm bağlamında yazarın postmodern anlatı geleneği içerisindeki
 konumu belirlenecektir.

The role of organizational justice in the customer orientation–performance relationship

PurposeWhile companies have increasingly encouraged employees to adopt a customer orientation, less attention has been given to the impact that customer orientation has on employees' job outcomes and performance. Previous research has used job demands-resource theory (JD-R) and proposed several mechanisms through which customer orientation influences performance, yet the intervening variables in the process have shown inconsistent results. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the contextual role of organizational justice on the relationship between customer orientation and performance through work engagement. In this way, offering more understanding of the contingent effects that intervene in the customer orientation–performance relationship.Design/methodology/approachUsing a structural equation model (SEM) in a sample of 249 marketing, sales and management managers in Chilean companies, this paper tested different hypotheses concerning the role of work engagement, organizational justice and customer orientation in relation to perceived performance.FindingsThis study informs that organizational justice (procedural and distributive justice) moderates the relationship between customer orientation and performance through work engagement. Precisely, the findings reveal that at lower values of organizational justice, changes in customer orientation negatively influence work engagement and in turn performance.Originality/valueThe results contribute to strengthening customer orientation theory by integrating a contextual variable often omitted: organizational justice. By exploring the moderation effect of organizational justice on customer orientation, this paper reveals contingent effects of employees' perceived fairness on the organization in the relationship between customer orientation and performance through work engagement. The findings encourage managers to look after employees' perceived organizational justice when they implement customer-oriented approaches, in particular, of those employees who work in the frontline sales and service positions.

An Empirical Study on the Learning Outcomes of E-Learning Measures in Taiwanese Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) Based on the Perspective of Goal Orientation Theory

The constant improvement of an enterprise’s competitive advantage is essential for its sustainable operation. Simultaneously, the persistent and effective learning methods of organizational members lead to the accumulation of learning results and knowledge, which are important intangible assets, as well as the key to establishing a company’s competitive advantage. Many enterprises have utilized various resources (such as building systems and purchasing software) to facilitate employee learning. However, the employees’ learning outcomes may not necessarily meet these enterprises’ expectations. As advocated in many studies, e-learning is not merely a new trend—it also plays an essential role in the learning and training process that organizational members undergo. However, throughout the learning process, what are the factors that cause different e-learning outcomes? The goal orientation theory in educational psychology has provided a reasonable framework for explaining and describing the differences in employees’ post-learning behaviors. This study focused on employees from Taiwanese small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and their participation in enterprise resource planning (ERP)-based e-learning. The employees’ goal orientations and how they indirectly (with learning satisfaction as a mediator) impact the employees’ learning outcomes were examined and deduced. A questionnaire was administered to 405 employees from different SMEs who have had the experience of using an ERP-based e-learning platform. According to the structural equation model analysis results, the employees’ master goal orientation and performance-approach orientation (avoidance orientation) will exert an indirect positive (negative) influence on learning outcomes through learning satisfaction as a mediator. Lastly, this study interpreted the empirical results together with their academic and managerial implications, and proposed some recommendations for subsequent research.