Theory Of Interpersonal Relations Research Articles

Silent, Slow Lifeworld: The Communication Experience of Nonvocal Ventilated Patients

The author explored communication experience of nonvocal ventilated individuals in rehabilitation settings with an aim to understand the reality of being voiceless using interpersonal relations theory as the theoretical study framework. Nineteen participants of varied ages and with varied ventilator courses shared their experiences while they were still nonvocal. The author used an interpretive phenomenological approach and analyzed the data using thematic analysis. Participants described the meaning of their nonvocal experience as "Being trapped in a silent world makes me feel frustrated and incomplete," "Days pass in slow motion while the rest of the world speeds by," "Making and preserving connections is of paramount importance," and "The powerlessness of being nonvocal was ameliorated by developing coping strategies and by consistent and reliable nursing care." In the discussion, the author provides an expanded understanding of the complexities of living in a silent, slow world.

Psychological Foundations of Trust

Trust lies at the foundation of nearly all major theories of interpersonal relationships. Despite its great theoretical importance, a limited amount of research has examined how and why trust develops, is maintained, and occasionally unravels in relationships. Following a brief overview of theoretical and empirical milestones in the interpersonal-trust literature, an integrative process model of trust in dyadic relationships is presented.

How to measure brand relationship quality?

The aim of this research is to develop a new evaluation approach based on a brand relationship index model (BRI model), which includes a three stage study on the indicator system; indicator weight; and indicator integration. Based on brand identity theory and interpersonal relationship theory, four-brand relationship participants and three-brand relationship natures are put forward to make up a hypothesis of twelve-dimension brand relationships. Through a series of empirical studies based on exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), a five-dimension structure of brand relationships is obtained, which is the basis of the indicator system. Indicator weight is calculated by the normalization of path coefficients derived from a second order factor analysis of the five dimensions. Indicator integration is based on the Weighted Sum method. Based on these three ingredients, the brand relationship index (BRI) model is developed. According to analysis of data on ten mobile phone brands, the BRI model is tested.

「対人関係の形成」に対する体育独自の意義 : A. シュッツの「我々関係」における「時間的直接性」及び「空間的直接性」に着目して

The purpose of this study was to clarify the original meaning of physical education in terms of the formation of interpersonal relationships. For this purpose, A. Schutz's concepts of “temporal immediacy” and “spatial immediacy” were examined in order to clarify the role of the human body in the formation of interpersonal relationships and the study.Procedure was as follows ; i. The theories of interpersonal relationships in social psychology and moral education were surveyed. Additionally, the placement of interpersonal relationships in physical education pedagogy was investigated. These surveys demonstrated the need to consider this issue in PE. ii. Schutz's concepts of “temporal immediacy” and “spatial immediacy” in the “We-relationship” were examined because the “We-relationship” is not treated as “intimacy” but as “form.” At this point, Schutz's view differs from the psychological one. He also suggests the importance of the human body in the “We-relationship.” Based on this examination, the term “working” is referred to, because “working” in interpersonal relationships is a bodily action. It is also considered indispensable to all kinds of communication. iii. Based on an examination of “working,” the role of the human body in such “immediacy” is examined. iv. The important role of the human body in interpersonal relationships is considered.The conclusions of the study were as follows ; i. “Temporal immediacy” and “spatial immediacy” represent the temporality and spatiality of “working.” These are bound with the individual ability of the human body. In addition, these factors were correlated with other's ability of the human body. ii. In physical education, it is necessary to focus on temporality and spatiality in the formation of interpersonal relationship. In other words, the original meaning of physical education for the formation of interpersonal relationships is to nurture this ability of the human body to constitute “immediacy.”

Humanistic Nursing, Interpersonal Relations Theory, and the Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis

The purpose of this paper is to illuminate the relevance and applicability of theory for nursing research and practice. Following a brief explanation of the four levels of theoretical abstraction recognized by nursing, Paterson and Zderad's humanistic nursing theory and Peplau's theory of interpersonal relations are described. In addition, one social psychology theory, the empathy-altruism hypothesis, is also explained. The value and implications of the three theories for nursing research and practice are discussed, and several research questions are proposed.

Applying Sullivan's Theory of Anxiety versus Fear

Applying Sullivan's Theory of Anxiety versus FearClarence G. SchulzClarence G. Schulz1. Washington Psychoana-lytic Institute; Clinical Professor of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine; Assistant Pro-fessor of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins MedicineSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:July 2006https://doi.org/10.1521/psyc.2006.69.2.110PDFPDF PLUS ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations AboutReferencesMoreno, J. (1934). Who shall survive? Washington, DC: Nervous and Mental Disease Publishing Co. Google ScholarMoreno, J. (1969). Psychodrama (Vol. 3). Beacon, NY: Beacon House. Google ScholarMullahy , P. (1947). A theory of interpersonal relations and the evolution of personality. In H. Sullivan (Ed.), Conceptions of modern psychiatry. Washington, D.C.: William Alanson White Foundation. Google ScholarSchulz , C. (1978). Sullivan's clinical contribution during the Sheppard Pratt Era: 1923–1930. Psychiatry, 41, 117–128. Crossref Medline, Google ScholarStanton , A., & Schwartz, M. (1954). The mental hospital. New York: Basic Books. Google ScholarSullivan , H. (1949). The theory of anxiety and the nature of psychotherapy. Psychiatry, 12, 3–12. Crossref Medline, Google ScholarWhite , M. (1977). Sullivan and treatment. Journal of Contemporary Psychoanalysis, 13, 317–346. Crossref, Google Scholar Previous article Next article FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Cited byCited by1. The Feeling of Fear among Local Government Administration Employees as a Result of the Introduction of E-AdministrationOnline publication date: 4 September 2020. Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar Volume 69Issue 2Mar 2006 Information© Guilford Publications Inc.PDF download

Gender differences in social network development via mobile phone text messages: A longitudinal study

We examined the development of face-to-face (FTF) social networks and mobile/cell phone text message (MPTM)-mediated social networks, and gender differences in the social network structure of 64 male and 68 female first-year undergraduate students. Social network analysis showed that MPTM social networks consisted of dyadic relationships, and its growth was slower than FTF social networks. The intimacy of friends who communicate via both FTF and MPTM was rated higher than those who communicate only via FTF. The structure of MPTM social networks coincided with known gender differences in network characteristics. Females tended to expand their MPTM social networks more than males. These findings suggest that patterns of interpersonal relationships for MPTM social networks corresponded to Matsuda’s (2000) selective interpersonal relationship theory.

A Naturalistic Test of Peplau's Theory in Home Visiting

Nurse-client relationships have been considered the foundation of successful home-visiting programs for vulnerable families. Even though nurse-client relationships are important when working with multiproblem families, relationship theory has not been used to guide interventions in home visiting. Identification of a fitting theory could provide direction for tailoring interventions to families at a "dose" individualized to meet their needs. This article reports a small study that tested the applicability of Peplau's theory of interpersonal relations in nursing (Peplau, 1952/1991) in the context of home visiting. Five prenatal clients and public health nurses participated in the study. Home visits were observed and audio-recorded beginning with the first prenatal home visit and ending in the early postpartum period. Audiotapes were transcribed and analyzed using a start list of codes based on Peplau's theory. Changes in the percentage of interaction assigned to the relationship phases along with a rating from the Relationship Form were compared over time to determine whether relationships progressed as predicted by Peplau. Findings of this study supported Peplau's theory. Implications for nursing practice and research are discussed.

A LITERATURE REVIEW OF THE PROGRESS OF THE PSYCHIATRIC NURSE-PATIENT RELATIONSHIP AS DESCRIBED BY PEPLAU

Knowledge is limited with regard to the progress of the nurse and patient through the phases of the psychiatric nurse-patient relationship (PNPR). Relationship progress is indicative of patient progress in the healing and recovery process. Hildegard Peplau described the phases of the therapeutic relationship in her Interpersonal Relations Theory (IRT). This review of literature describes the state of nursing science using IRT as the theoretical framework. Research conducted on the progress of the PNPR has generated evidence of the relevance of IRT to clinical practice, the importance of the PNPR to the patients themselves, and the importance of nursing knowledge regarding the progress of the orientation phase of the PNPR to patient care. However, all studies were done in Canada, and additional studies are needed. Knowledge of the relationship established between psychiatric nurses and patients is essential to the nursing process in psychiatric mental health settings.

Nurse Bait: Strategies Hospitalized Patients Use to Entice Nurses Within the Context of the Interpersonal Relationship

Patients on medical-surgical and psychiatric inpatient units long for more and deeper connections with nurses. Patients' dependence on the nursing staff, as well as their perceived powerlessness, creates a situation where patients believe they have to actively find ways to seek needed nursing care. This paper will describe active strategies used by medical-surgical patients to entice nurses within the context of the nurse-patient relationship; strategies designed to mitigate vulnerability and increase interpersonal connection. Implications for nursing practice and for Peplau's Theory of Interpersonal Relations will be presented.

PEPLAU IN CYBERSPACE: AN ANALYSIS OF PEPLAU'S INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS THEORY AND COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION

This paper explores the applicability of Peplau's Interpersonal Relations Theory to the context of computer-mediated communication. Although Peplau never intended her theory be applied to this mode of communication, research from the fields of communication and social psychology suggest that such application may be possible. After Peplau's theory is briefly summarized, research and theory dealing with computer-mediated communication are explored, and questions for future research endeavors are offered.

Nonvocal ventilated patients perceptions of being understood.

This metasynthesis presents an enlarged interpretation and understanding of nonvocal mechanically ventilated patients' experiences with communication. Peplau's interpersonal relations theory provided the theoretical framework for the metasynthesis. The final sample included 12 qualitative studies, for a total of 111 participants. The data, methods, and theoretical frameworks were critically interpreted. Common threads detected across study participants' individual experiences were synthesized to form a greater understanding of nonvocal ventilated patients' perceptions of being understood. Five overarching themes were divided into two groups. The first group of themes was categorized as the characteristics of nonvocal ventilated patients' communication experiences. Nonvocal individuals were often not understood, which resulted in loss of control and negative emotional responses. The second group of themes was categorized as the kind of nursing care desired by nonvocal patients in order to be understood. Nonvocal patients wanted nursing care that was delivered in an individualized, caring manner. This facilitated positive interpersonal relations between the patient and the nurse. Findings are discussed in relation to the current state of knowledge on this topic.

A synthesis of qualitative home visiting research.

Over the past decade, a body of qualitative research has been developed which describes the home visiting practice of public health nurses (PHNs) to maternal-child clients. This article reports a synthesis of these studies. The purpose of the synthesis was to identify common elements and differences between the research reports that would lead to theory development or support of existing theories. Methods were based on Miles and Huberman's (1994) text on qualitative data analysis. Results of the synthesis indicated that building and preserving relationships with the client is the central focus of home visiting and provides a foundation for problem identification and problem solving. Clients control access to their homes as well as the information they are willing to share with the nurse. The goals of home visiting relate to empowering mothers, supporting their independence and decision making. Similarities to Peplau's theory of Interpersonal Relations and Cox's Interaction Model of Client Health Behavior (IMCHB) are noted.

The correlational analysis of dyad‐level data in the distinguishable case

AbstractMany theories of interpersonal relationships distinguish between individual‐level processes and dyadic or group‐level processes. This suggests that two‐person relationships should be studied at the level of the dyad as well as at the level of the individual. We discuss correlational methods for dyads when each dyad contains two different types of individuals (e.g., a husband and wife, a mother and child, or an expert and a novice). In such dyadic interaction designs, the dyad members are said to be distinguishable. We present a method for computing the overall correlation for distinguishable dyads, and we discuss a model for separating the dyad‐level and individual‐level components of such a correlation. The computational techniques and their interpretation are described using data from 98 heterosexual couples.

Toward an encompassing theory of business marketing relationships (BMRS) and interpersonal commercial relationships (ICRS): An empirical generalization

This paper explores business marketing relationships (BMRs) and interpersonal commercial relationships (ICRs). The literature in these two areas is analyzed to develop an overarching theoretical understanding of how marketing relationships function in the marketplace. The authors create empirical generalizations by analyzing the interrelationships among constructs that researchers have studied in a variety of operationalizations and settings during the past decade. This analysis is used to build a conceptual model for marketing relationships as they are studied in BMRs and ICRs. The authors then compare the models in order to develop a higher-level conceptual understanding of relational phenomena.

Toward an encompassing theory of business marketing relationships (BMRS) and interpersonal commercial relationships (ICRS): An empirical generalization

Toward an encompassing theory of business marketing relationships (BMRS) and interpersonal commercial relationships (ICRS): An empirical generalization

The future of the theory of interpersonal relations? A personal reflection on Peplau's legacy.

The work of Hildegard Peplau represents the most significant influence, worldwide, on the development of psychiatric nursing practice. Her use of the Theory of Interpersonal Relations created the basis for defining the potential significance of the psychiatric nurse's role as a therapeutic agent. Forty years later she has indicated the means by which nurses might sharpen their focus on the person often overshadowed by the 'patient' label. Peplau's writings have, over this 40-year period, helped clarify the broad range of roles required of the nurse in general and in particular, within psychotherapeutic nursing.

A survey of the patterns influencing adolescent females' nicotine smoking behaviour

The patterns that influence adolescent females' nicotine smoking and their behaviour were studied using the Female Adolescent Smoking Patterns Questionnaire (FASPQ), which had been adapted from Colletti et al (1985) Smoking Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SSEQ). The FASPQ includes questions on the level of confidence, patterns of tobacco use, developmental patterns, and psychological patterns or levels of anxiety. The research was guided by Peplau's (1952/1991) theory of interpersonal relations in nursing. The sample was composed of III students in grade nine health classes in a large, metropolitan private high school in southeastern Canada. Statistical tests included: measures of central tendency, frequency, χ2 and t tests. The results demonstrated a significant difference in the means of the tobacco use patterns with the developmental, psychological and confidence patterns. There was no significant difference found with the tobacco use patterns and the physiological patterns. However, a dependence in the r...

Reviving brand loyalty: A reconceptualization within the framework of consumer-brand relationships

This paper uses the perspective of interpersonal relationship theory to critically examine, reposition, and extend the notion of brand loyalty. Depth interviews among eight coffee-consuming adults who qualified as brand loyal by traditional criteria provide the data. The result is a deeper appreciation of the character of loyal consumer-brand relations and a sharper awareness of the limitations to understanding that current theoretical frameworks impose. Specifically, the authors suggest that: (1) not all loyal brand relationships are alike, in strength or in character; (2) many brand relationships not identified as ‘loyal’ according to dominant theoretical conceptions are especially meaningful from the cunsumer's point of view; and (3) current approaches to classification accept some brand relationships that, upon close scrutiny, do not possess assumed characteristics of ‘loyalty’ or ‘strength’ at all. Ideas stemming from a reframing of loyalty as one component in a multifaceted construct of relationship strength are put forth, encouraging a move from the metaphor of ‘loyalty’ to the broader notion of ‘relationships’ that encompasses it.

Peplau's theory of interpersonal relations.

Interpersonal competencies of nurses are key to assisting patients in the work necessary for regaining health and well-being. Peplau's theory of interpersonal relations is detailed, and examples are given of the three phases which occur in developing nurse-patient relationships, along with associated challenges.