Theory Of Human Development Research Articles

PERCEIVED INFLUENCE OF AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION ON COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN DELTA STATE

The aim of this paper is to examine perceived influence of agricultural education on community development in Delta State. The study adopted three specific objectives, three research questions and three null hypotheses. The study reviewed the variable stated in the research questions. Human development theory was used by the researcher to ascertained influence of agricultural education towards community development. The study reviewed some literature appraisal propounded by other scholars. Cross sectional survey research design method was used in the study. The population of the study comprises 500 hundred respondents and it includes teachers and farmers. A simple random sampling technique was used to select (200) respondents of 90 teachers and 110 farmers for the study. Questionnaire was the major instrument used for data collection and it was validated by two experts. One from Department of Measurement and Evaluation, while the second one from Department of Vocational and Technical Education all from University of Benin, Edo State. Data obtained from the respondents showed a reliability index of 0.89 using Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient. Data collected was analyzed using mean and standard deviation to answer the research questions while analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The finding of the result showed that agricultural education improve the development of community through provision job for over 99% of unemployed youths in Delta State. The study concluded that government need to provide loan for farmers in order for them to practice commercial farming system across the twenty five local government area of delta state for adequate food supply. The study recommended that university of agriculture should be created across the state that will education students on how to invest largely on both commercial and peasant farming system in Delta State.

Dual Narratives, Shared Radiance: A Tropical Asian Queer Collaborative Autoethnography

Employing a tropical Asian queer collaborative autoethnographic approach, this article explores the unique narratives of two diasporic researchers hailing from the Philippines and Taiwan. The paper elucidates the voices, perceptions, and lived experiences of the authors and shows how these align with Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory of human development, which asserts that individuals are influenced by their socio-cultural environment comprised of the macrosystem, exosystem, mesosystem, and microsystem. The relationship of these overlapping systems is explored through the lives of the two researcher-authors through personal narratives. These narratives accentuate the methodological queering aspect, employing personal vignettes as pivotal focal points. By intertwining subjective experiences within the socio-ecological systems model, the article seeks to vividly depict the knottiness of tropical Asian queer identity and experience. Through this exploration, the discourse not only enquires into the intricacies of the researcher-authors’ stories but also contributes to a broader understanding of how queer socio-cultural factors shape the diverse narratives within the queer community in tropical Asia.

What are the influences on KS2 teachers of comprehension and how are they shaping their learning and development?

ABSTRACT This article is based on a doctoral study which devised a novel framework to examine influences on Key Stage 2 (KS2) teachers of reading comprehension. It provides an understanding of the impact of professional knowledge and reading comprehension instruction research on teachers. Analysis of 14 interviews with primary teachers found they valued 5 areas of comprehension teaching. Goos’ (2013) adaptation of Valsiner’s [1997. Culture and the Development of Children’s Action: A Theory of Human Development. 2nd ed. John Wiley] zone theory and Lave and Wenger’s (1991) Communities of Practice (CoP) are used to explore teachers’ development in teaching comprehension through their interactions with the social environments of schools.

Octopus HRD: Multidiciplinary Approach to Higher Education Human Resources Development

This study examines human resource development techniques at Raden Rahmat Islamic University in Malang, Indonesia, using a multidisciplinary approach that integrates systems theory, economics, psychology, organizational development, anthropology, sociology, and communication. Employing a qualitative, exploratory descriptive design, data was collected through structured interviews, field observations, and supporting documentation analysis. Informants were selected through purposive and snowball sampling methods, and data was analyzed using an interactive approach, involving data collection, reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. Triangulation ensured research validity and reliability. The findings reveal that the university adopts a holistic human resource development strategy, combining various disciplines to enhance employee skills and performance. This approach not only helps the institution achieve its performance goals but also contributes to advancements in human resource development theory and practice

Factors Leading Young Christian Adults to Elope in the Anglican Church of Kenya, Taveta East Archdeaconry

This study sought to establish factors leading young Christian adults to the practice of eloping among youth in the Anglican Church, Taveta East Archdeaconry. It was guided by the Human Psychosocial Development Theory, Ecological Model Theory, and Moral Development Theory. It adopted a descriptive research design. The target population was eloping aged 20 - 40 years, 5 clergies, and 61 parents. The study used a purposive sampling method. The study’s sample size was 176. Face-to-face interviews were used for the clergy. Focus group discussions were used for the parents. The questionnaires' accuracy and reliability were verified by the inter-rater method. The analyses made use of the statistical package for social sciences version 28. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, such as frequencies, mean, and percentages. Qualitative data was organized into themes for analysis. The study findings include; factors such as; peer influence, financial difficulties in a family, little guidance and counseling in church; parents’ support for eloping practice; phone; youth failing to embrace the Christian faith, which contribute to the practice of eloping among the Christian youth in Taveta East Archdeaconry. Language barrier posed a challenge to some respondents. Some were more conversant with Kiswahili than English prompting the translation of questionnaires from English to Kiswahili. Questionnaires require more time to reach the respondents, filling and returning them. This was solved by early communication to clergy and timely distribution. The number of respondents per focus group in some parishes was less than expected. This was solved by increasing the number of respondents in another station.

Uwarunkowania rozwoju w okresie dzieciństwa w perspektywie edukacji integralnej

Introduction: The childhood period is characterised not only by robust quantitative and qualitative developmental dynamics, but also by significant vulnerability to disintegrating factors. Research Aim: The aim of this paper was to present an “intellectual tool” for an integral understanding of development (the cognitive aspect) and its stimulation (the practical aspect) during childhood, while identifying opportunities and risks associated with this stage of life. Evidence-based Facts: The text presents an intellectual tool – Ken Wilber’s 4 quadrants model. It can be used to recognise the area of disintegration in the upbringing process (the cognitive aspect), but also to design integrative activities (the practical aspect). The authors discuss the problems of coherence between interior-oriented and exterior-oriented, as well as between individual-oriented and community-oriented approaches to an individual. Furthermore, they present the problematic of integrating civilisation and nature, culturalism and naturalism, direct and mediated experience, and inner and outer consciousness. Summary: The presented article analyses issues related to one of the strategies included in the integral approach: the strategy of coherence. More broadly, it should be supported by a strategy of accessibility based on knowledge of theories of human development. These theories distinguish stages of development characterised by different increasingly complex competencies in terms of grasping reality.

Child Life in Practice: Applying Theories in the Emergency Department and on a Pediatric Unit

Certified child life specialists (CCLS) serve as an integral component of the health care team by attending to the psychosocial concerns that arise as children and their families face stressful situations. The CCLS provides individualized care to meet the developmental needs of infants, children, teens, and young adults and assists in coping with medical-related stressors, using play as a main healing modality. As they engage, assess, and educate, CCLS use play for therapeutic purposes and provide education to children and their families regarding diagnosis, treatments, procedures or tests needed, strategies for coping and managing pain, and the medical environment. In this article, two theories and one process that help guide the work of the CCLS are applied in a scenario: Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological theory of human development (Bronfenbrenner, 2005), Lazarus and Folkman’s (1984) transactional theory of stress and coping, and the APIE process (Wilson et al., 2006). CCLS use theory to assess, plan, and provide appropriate interventions to promote optimal care of patients.

What About the Influence of Outdoor Quality on Preschoolers’ Cognitive and Social Skills?

ABSTRACT Research Findings: Outdoor environments have recently become part of the early childhood quality puzzle, which has long been important to trace relationships between children’s experiences in child care and their development. However, fewer studies have analyzed the extent to which the quality of these outdoor spaces relates to young children’s social and cognitive outcomes. This study analyzed data collected from a randomized sample of 92 licensed child care programs and 405 preschool children located across North Carolina, United States. Multilevel analyses showed that outdoor environment quality was associated with children’s abstraction and flexible thinking skills above and beyond global levels of classroom quality. Correlation analyses revealed that in outdoor environments with more natural elements, children displayed fewer behavior problems. Practice or Policy: Outdoor quality measures need to be more widely tested in relation to child outcomes. The influence of child care outdoor environment quality on children’s development should to be more deeply understood through longitudinal designs and ecological theories of human development, which allow conceptualizing developmental change over time as a function of interactions between individuals and context.

Contradictions between Capitalism and Sustainable Human Development: Where is the 2030 Agenda Headed?

ABSTRACT This article aims to analyse the basic premises of the theory of sustainable human development as it is based on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and contrast it with the theoretical and political proposals of capitalism. With this purpose, in the first place, the work studies the central elements of development theory, as well as the basic premises that support the capitalist model. Secondly, the article compares the essential contradictions between both theoretical proposals, as well as the invisibility of these contradictions in the 2030 Agenda. The article concludes that the foundational ideas of capitalism, as well as the policies derived from these conceptions, are essentially opposed to the theory and practice of sustainable human development and that this is the real limit to advance in the 2030 Agenda.

O-170 The next generation of adolescents will consider more and more multiparenthood, poliparenthood

Abstract Although there are a variety of ways in which people navigate their intimate lives, theories of human development and intimacy often implicitly assume a preference for monogamy to be universal (Seltzer, 2000; Conley et al., 2017; Moors et al., 2017). While many people around the globe indeed engage in serial monogamy, remarkable transformations in relationship and family demography have occurred over the past several decades (Glick, 1988; Fisher, 1989; Finkel et al., 2014; Foster, 2016, in Moors et al. 2021) Studies show that 1 out of 6 people (16.8%) desire to engage in polyamory, and 1 out of 9 people (10.7%) have engaged in polyamory at some point during their life. (Moors et al 2021). Besides seeking hypotheses on the reason for this change away from the monogamous relationship form, and based on these data, we can try to make a prediction about the willingness of people to also consider parenthood in consensual non-monogamous or polyamorous relationships and thus engage in polyparenthood in the future. In the fertility centre too, we are past an era in which heterosexual infertile couples form the majority of our patient population. The need for donor material is increasing, although demand grossly exceeds supply. In addition, in many countries donor anonymity is still enshrined in law, which poses a problem for a growing number of acceptors. Many patients desire information about the donor and an increasing number of patients anticipate the perspective of the future child, which has a right to know its origins. Other patients wish the donor would also include parental involvement, and fundamentally desire the genitor to be a co-parent for their child at some point. As a result, some patients seek refuge in non-regulated open donation arrangements outside the fertility clinic. Indeed, internet websites dedicated to facilitating contact between individuals who want to meet people with the common aim of having a child are mushrooming. Such websites make elective co-parenting accessible to large numbers of people, including both singles and those with partners. Furthermore, these websites are not restricted to LGBTQ+ individuals; heterosexual men and women can also become members and contact potential reproductive partners who may be of a different sexual orientation to themselves. This could trigger a paradigm shift in the fertility clinic; is co-parenting, multi-parenting and poly-parenting the future? It could resolve problems of donor shortage, and the often difficult search for roots still faced by donor-conceived children as a consequence of donor anonimity. At Brussels IVF, we anticipated this paradigm shift and developed a procedure to counsel candidates for co-parenting. Welfare of the child is the guiding principle leading to a joint parenting project worked out together with the co-parents. This procedure and counseling topics to be addressed by the fertility centre will be presented.

Real Democracy: A Critical Realist Approach to Democracy and Democratic Theory

This article presents an alternative general model of democracy to traditional minimalist (electoral and liberal) and deliberative theories by drawing from critical realist philosophical thought. Realist or real democracy is proposed as a societal system where preconditions exist to fully empower all citizens to realize their individual capabilities. This includes empowerment opportunities at the ballot box - but also other preconditions such as health, educational and living standards. Real democracy also separates democratic preconditions from democratic outcomes. Democratic outcomes require the absence of inequalities in power as result from the contingent interaction preconditions and human agency. The new approach is argued to provide a more holistic and dynamic concept of democracy which is also more grounded in the everyday experience of the citizen compared to traditional approaches. It reconnects democracy with theories of human development and enables a new classification of political regimes and conception of democratic politics. An initial empirical mapping of patterns of global real democracy shows evidence of rising preconditions since 1990 – but stagnation since 2010 and some signs of decline. Democratic outcomes by socio-economic position saw the most notable decline.

Skills development for sustainable career planning in Bangladesh: the case of gender equality in education

Purpose This study aims to investigate the importance of lifelong learning in cultivating competent human capital, fostering long-term career sustainability and promoting gender equality in Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach This study has used a qualitative research methodology with inductive reasoning. The researchers used purposive sampling to conduct semi-structured interviews with 34 male and female students at the graduate and undergraduate levels, in addition to six stakeholders. This research is grounded in the theoretical frameworks of human capital development theory and gender and development theory. Findings The results suggest that there exists a positive correlation between lifelong learning, sustainable career development and gender equality in the context of Bangladesh. Successfully executing strategies might also play a significant role in attaining Bangladesh’s sustainable development goals (SDGs). Practical implications Educational curriculum reform within institutions is urgently needed, necessitating the active involvement and influential contributions of actors and stakeholders. Implementing lifelong learning must also align with gender equality and SDGs. Originality/value This study addresses a significant gap in the existing literature by offering insights into the relationship between lifelong learning, career sustainability and gender equality within the specific context of Bangladesh. This study provides valuable contributions to scholars, stakeholders and policymakers while establishing a foundation for future research endeavors.

Exploring Parents’ Perceptions of Early Literacy Development in Early Childhood Education

This study explores early literacy concepts for young children among parents in low-class communities. It focuses on parents’ interpretations of their children’s development in early literacy and how these influence due to their children’s education. The aim of the research is to illuminate parents’ interpretations regarding early literacy in their children’s education. Through the classical phenomenological approach, seven mothers were interviewed, and the collected data was analyzed using Colaizzi’s method to describe the themes. The findings reveal that they perceived early literacy as an ability to read and write that children must achieve before they are seven years old. They also mentioned it for fulfilling entry requirements for the primary level, avoiding negative stigma from other parents, labeling smart children, and parents’ anxiety for children’s confidence in the future. As a consequence, it allows parents to have reading class preparation, over-involvement in children’s learning activities, providing learning posters, and parents’ home teaching. This study also discussed the concept of early literacy based on human development theories and how it can contribute to sustaining and empowering parents dealing with meaningful learning in cultivating literacy for children in the perception year.

Ethnicity, culture and human development of Bangladesh’s tea workers

ABSTRACT This study sets out to investigate the human development situation of ethnic tea workers in Bangladesh against the underpinnings of human development theories by employing a qualitative research approach. We collected data for this study from people of diverse ethnic backgrounds and identities through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and direct observation. The study finds that human development of ethnic tea workers is extremely constrained by the lack of their freedom and adequate income, which is systematically created by the tea planters to serve their business interests. Tea workers’ social isolation from the mainstream Bangladeshi society, coupled with their traditional social life and poor socioeconomic conditions, also manufactured by the regulatory systems, remains the significant marker for the deterrent of their human development. Different traditional beliefs, rituals and practices of these ethic communities are also spotted as contributing factors for their poor human development situation, forcing them to sustain the legacy of working-class status of their predecessors and wind up in the tea plantations for generations.

Religious coping and delinquent behaviors: Moderated mediation roles of religion affiliation and prosocial moral reasoning.

Religion has been shown to have a positive impact for developing adolescents; however, the processes underlying this relation are not well known. In his almighty prosocial theory, Anazonwu (Conceptualizing and testing almighty prosociality theory for a more peaceful world, SCOA Heritage Nigeria, 2017) proposed that the activation of learnt prosocial moral reasoning through religion enabled performance of prosocial peace behavior that will benefit society. Thus, religion coping enhances the development of prosocial reasoning which in turn propagate prosocial acts while reducing delinquent behaviors. Similarly, developmental system theory (Lerner, Developmental science, developmental systems, and contemporary theories of human development, John Wiley & Sons, 2006) assumed that in every individual three mechanisms: plasticity (potential to change), context (environment), and developmental regulation (learnable principles) interact to describe the direction of the transactions between individuals and their various embedded sociocultural context of development which will also determine other developmental outcomes. Based on these two theoretical assumptions, the present study examined whether prosocial moral reasoning (developmental regulation) was the mechanism in the negative correlation between religious coping (plasticity) and delinquent behaviors (outcome), and if religious affiliation(context) (Christianity and Islam) moderated these paths. We hypothesized that the link from prosocial moral reasoning to lower delinquent behaviors would be stronger for Muslim compared with Christian youth. These questions were tested among Nigerian adolescence, an important sample because of high interreligious and interethnic tension among youth in the country. 298 adolescents (Mean age = 15.03 years, SD = 1.76; male = 176, female = 122; 46.3% Muslim, 53.7% Christian) were sampled using questionnaires in senior secondary schools in Nigeria. Moderated mediation result shows that greater religious coping was linked with higher prosocial moral reasoning, which in turn predicted fewer delinquent behaviors. Religious coping interacted with religion affiliation to influence delinquent behavior; there was a stronger link between these two constructs for Muslim compared to Christian youth. Thus, interventions aiming to reduce youth delinquent behaviors should consider promoting prosocial moral reasoning, particularly among the various religions (i.e., Christian/Muslim) communities.

Question asking in active listening scale for early adolescents: Behavioral measure development and initial validation.

Relational theories of human development explain how stereotypes and their underlying ideologies thwart social connections that are fundamental for individuals to thrive, especially in early adolescence. Intervention research to address this crisis of connection is still emergent and active listening is one promising strategy to this end; however, its efficacy has not been examined in part because no validated measures of active listening for this population exist. This validation study is the first to examine whether the behavioral dimensions of one form of active listening can be captured using a coding scheme to assess adolescents' engagement in a live interviewing task (N = 293). Importantly, the measure was developed within the context of a theory-driven intervention to train adolescents in transformative curiosity and listening to enhance connection. Findings indicate that two dimensions underlie the measure as hypothesized, open-ended questions and follow-up questions, with acceptable internal consistency. The measure is sensitive to change in adolescents' questioning skills before and after the intervention. Further, asking follow-up questions was positively related to empathy and also predicted a respondent's perception of their interviewer as a good listener. The effect for asking open-ended questions was moderated by dyad-level tendencies to elicit disclosure from others. The current measure not only examines question asking as a more nuanced behavioral dimension of active listening than previous measures, it is also the first to do so among a sample of early adolescents. The measure will be useful in assessing active listening interventions' efficacy to address the crisis of connection.

Особливості мови няні в повсякденному спілкуванні між матір'ю та дитиною: педагогічний аспект

The article substantiates the importance of nannies’ language for the children’s development, namely the danger of long-term use of the phonetic, morphological and syntactic properties of babysitters' language in the process of communicating with the child. The theoretical positions that are the basis for the analysis of the collected research material are related to the theories of symbolic interactionism, constructivism, and the ecological theory of human development. In the research it is assumed that the child's development is dynamic and occurs as a result of structuring and restructuring the experience gained during interaction. It is confirmed that development takes place in a certain environment, but it is worth remembering that the child is not a passive imitator of the stimuli, but as a result of mutual interaction with the environment. The child begins to form one’s own image of the surrounding world. It has been found that language serves as one of the elements that allow a person to build an idea of the surrounding reality in mind. The article emphasizes the importance of speech and, more broadly, communicative competences for a child's development. The results of a study conducted among mothers of two- to three-year-old children are presented. Considering this stage of the child's development is considered special because of the phase of the child's speech development, as well as the formation of personality. The study presents a diagnostic survey and includes free communication between mother and child. The paper outlines the characteristic properties of the language of nannies. Based on the results of the study, the consequences for the development of long-term use of nanny’s language by adults are shown. The article emphasizes the importance and influence of the communication skills and abilities of babysitters and parents on the child's development and further education, as well as the importance of pedagogical support for effective communication in early childhood.

The impact of digital learning and capacity building on employees’ performance in humanitarian organizations

ABSTRACT Digital learning has arguably enhanced capacity building by strengthening tech-knowledge resilience among employees. However, there are no empirical studies examining path analysis between digital learning, capacity building, and employees’ performance across multinational and cultural diversities in developing countries. We investigate these path relationships using 135 responses collected from a self-administered survey. We used Structural Equation Modeling techniques, alongside the Technology Acceptance Model and human resource development theory, to explain employees’ attitudes towards adopting digital learning initiatives as a tool to augment performance. The results shows partial mediation between digital technology and employee performance. We propose adopting digital learning initiatives in the workplace to boost systematic and integrated capacity building to enhance performance.

Using the developmental histories of elite rugby union players to identify ways to cultivate creativity

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to investigate how social and physical environments interact to cultivate improvisational creativity. This was achieved by qualitatively reviewing the developmental backgrounds of some of Australia’s most creative rugby players. A deductive reflexive thematic analysis was applied to data collected from primary sources (e.g. semi-structured interviews) and secondary sources (e.g. autobiographies, biographies and podcasts). Using Bronfenbrenner’s [2005. Making human beings human: Bioecological perspectives on human development. Sage] bioecological model of human development and ecological dynamics theory, our data indicated that reciprocal interactions encountered throughout their developmental histories exposed players to a wide range of unusual, varied and challenging sports related scenarios. Through this process, creative players became embedded in these performance environments, enabling them to select relevant opportunities to act on, that served their interests in showcasing their skills in an entertaining way. These creative players cultivated their unorthodox skills through a rich history of playful, informal, unsupervised and competitive games played on streets, parks and playing fields of Australia. Implications for research are to support key stakeholders within sporting communities to build skill programmes and accompanying social and physical environments that can rejuvenate interest in the cultivation of creativity.

COVID-19 Increased Mortality Salience, Collectivism, and Subsistence Activities: A Theory-Driven Analysis of Online Adaptation in the United States, Indonesia, Mexico, and Japan

How does a life-threatening pandemic affect a culture? The Theory of Social Change, Cultural Evolution, and Human Development predicts that danger, as indicated by rising death rates and narrowing social worlds, shifts human psychology and behavior toward that found in small-scale, collectivistic, and rural subsistence ecologies. In particular, mortality salience, collectivism, and engagement in subsistence activities should increase as death rates rise and the social world retracts. Studies on the psychological response to the pandemic in the United States confirmed these predicted increases. The present study sought to generalize these previous findings by comparing the frequency of conceptually relevant linguistic terms used in Google searches and Twitter posts in the United States, Japan, Indonesia, and Mexico for 30 days before the coronavirus pandemic began in each country with frequencies of the same terms for 30 days after. Generally, we found that mortality salience increased to the extent that countries experienced excess COVID mortality; collectivism increased to the extent that countries experienced excess COVID mortality and increased mortality salience; and subsistence activities increased to the extent that countries experienced excess COVID mortality and/or stay-at-home-policies. Almost all these increases went beyond the general increase in internet use, which was a control variable in all analyses. These findings support a growing body of research documenting a human response to ecological danger.