Theory Of Human Caring Research Articles

Improving Patient Experience and Team Engagement with Environmental Services: Application of Watson's Theory of Human Caring.

Patient experience and team engagement are key performance indicators in organizational strategic planning. Health-care organizations have a seldom-used resource within acute care settings that expands the ability to improve patients' experiences of their care as well as their own team engagement. Environmental services (ES) staff, the second largest health-care workforce, spend an average of 10 min per patient day interacting with patients and families. Few studies highlight how nursing theory may influence patient experience outside of the nursing role. This paper explores how ES staff at a non-profit rural 974-bed academic medical center impacted patient experience using nursing theory to promote a caring environment. Applying Watson's Theory of Human Caring and Caritas Processes© with ES team members beginning at leadership levels increased team engagement and improved patient experience. ES team members benefited from a professional nursing framework and from being integrated as a valued partner in advancing human caring.

A descriptive study on holistic nursing education: Student perspectives on integrating mindfulness, spirituality, and professionalism

BackgroundMindfulness has gained prominence in education as a method for enhancing student well-being and learning, yet its integration into nursing curricula remains underexplored. Student lived experiences are essential to understanding the potential benefits and challenges of mindful nursing practice. AimTo explore the lived experiences of undergraduate nursing students who practice mindfulness as it relates to nursing education. MethodsThis was a qualitative descriptive phenomenological study. Data was collected using semi-structured Zoom interviews. Recruitment used word of mouth and snowball sampling. Out of 80 applicants, 17 undergraduate nursing students were interviewed until data saturation was achieved. Data were analyzed using Edmund Husserl's approach to descriptive phenomenology, supported by Jean Watson's Theory of Human Caring and Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs. ResultsSeven main themes emerged: Interpersonal and Transpersonal Connections, Spiritual Beliefs and Practices, Faith in the Future, Feelings of Peace, Barriers to Mindfulness in Nursing Education, Integrating Mindfulness Across the Curriculum, and Mindfulness Models in Building Professional Patterns. ConclusionData indicate nursing educators have a significant role in guiding students to mindfulness practices for the well-being of the nursing profession.

Identifying and Exploring Jean Watson's Theory of Human Caring in Nursing Approaches for Patients with Psychoactive Substance Dependence in Medical and Surgical Acute Wards.

Patients with substance use disorders may view healthcare professionals as capable of supporting them through their suffering and experience. Although numerous studies have focused on the roles, approaches, and attitudes of healthcare professionals, there is a lack of information on the nursing perspective. This study aims to explore the experiences and nursing approaches towards patients with psychoactive substance dependence admitted to an Italian acute hospital ward. A qualitative phenomenological study was conducted. Data were collected using semi-structured face-to-face interviews. The interviews were transcribed, read thoroughly, and analysed. Fifteen nurses were interviewed. Six main themes were extracted: (1) origin context, (2) participants' personal thoughts, (3) type of approach provided, (4) school education received on the topic, (5) effectiveness of rehabilitative therapy, and (6) methods that can improve nursing care. The findings suggest that most respondents experience stigma and discrimination when providing care to these patients. In response to the results obtained, models have been suggested, such as Jean Watson's Human Caring Theory, which shows how practising a holistic approach based on empathy and active listening can improve the relationship between nurses and patients. Furthermore, to eliminate stereotypes, it would be appropriate to act on the university education of nurses. This study was not registered.

Expectations of Mothers with Infants in The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit for Healing Care Processes: A Qualitative Study

Purpose: The study aimed to describe the expectations of mothers whose infants were hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit regarding the healing care environment. Material and Methods: This is a descriptive qualitative study. The study was conducted with mothers whose infants were hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit of a private hospital. Data were collected between October and November 2022 by using a purposive sampling method. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 mothers. Data were collected with semi-structured interviews. All interviews were recorded via an audio recorder and transcribed verbatim. The inductive thematic analysis method was used to analyze the data. Results: Three main categories and seven sub-themes emerged from the analysis: “humanistic healing care behaviors, healing physical environment and supports”. Watson's Theory of Human Caring was based on the themes related to mothers' expectations from healing care processes. Conclusion: It has been determined that mothers need humanistic healing behaviors within the healing care processes. At the same time, it has been reported that the design of neonatal intensive care units and noise control are important for the healing environment. It is thought that it will contribute to the institutions in providing a healing care environment.

Developing care behaviors and ethical attitude in nursing education

AimThis study aims to determine the effect of education based on the Theory of Human Caring on nursing students' caring behaviors and ethical attitudes. BackgroundIt is crucial to plan nursing education holistically, addressing cognitive, psychomotor and affective domains for the comprehensive development of caring behaviors and ethical attitudes. DesignThis study employed a convergent mixed-methods approach with randomized pretest-posttest comparisons and qualitative analysis. MethodsThis study was conducted with third-year nursing students at a state university in Ankara, Turkey, in 2021. It comprised a total of 95 participants, with 47 students in the case group and 48 students in the video group. Theoretical education based on the Theory of Human Caring was simultaneously provided to both groups. Following this, one group received practical training using a video-supported teaching method, while the other group received it through a case analysis method. The research used the 'Descriptive Characteristics Form', 'Caring Nurse Patient Interaction Scale (CNPIS)', 'Scale for Attitudes of Ethical Principles (SAEP)' and 'Student Opinion Form on Care Behaviors Education' to collect data. Quantitative data were analyzed using t-tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, Wilcoxon paired two-sample tests and Linear Regression Analysis, with a significance level of p<0.05. Qualitative data were evaluated through document analysis. Permissions were obtained before the research. ResultsAfter the education provided, significant differences were found between the pre-test and post-test scores of both groups (p<0.05). It was determined that there was a statistically significant, positive and generally moderate relationship between the caring behaviors and ethical attitudes of the students. Additionally, participating students reported that they were satisfied with the education provided, stating that the teaching methods increased their motivation and positively influenced their perspectives on caring and its ethical dimensions. ConclusionsThe research findings show significant improvements in nursing students' care behaviors and ethical attitudes following education based on the Human Care Theory, with both case analysis and video-supported teaching methods yielding notable results. Integration of care theories into the nursing undergraduate curriculum, alongside the use of holistic teaching methods, is recommended, along with further randomized controlled trials to assess teaching effectiveness.

Cancer patients’ perceptions of nursing: Expectations & realities, a phenomenological study

PurposeDetermining the perception and expectations of cancer patients will inform nurses' understanding of how to conduct nursing care to meet patients' needs. Studies have mainly used quantitative methods to understand nursing image from the perspective of the public and the profession, and there are no recent studies to date on nursing image from the perspective of cancer patients. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore cancer patients' experiences and perceptions of nursing within the conceptual framework of Watson's Human Care Theory. MethodsIn total, 19 phenomenological semi-structured interviews were conducted with cancer patients between November 2022 and January 2023. Data were analyzed using Assarroudi et al.'s content analysis. ResultsThree themes emerged from the phenomenological analysis of the interviews: (1) nursing image, (2) expectations, and (3) realities. Patients stated that nurses act as assistants and that health services cannot be provided without them. Under the main theme of ‘expectations,’ five subthemes emerged: psychosocial care, physical care, ethics, individual characteristics, and no expectations, while the theme of ‘realities’ contained two subthemes: (1) satisfaction with nurse behaviors, and (2) dissatisfaction with nurse behaviors. ConclusionsOur study provides important insight for nurses working with cancer patients in the management of patient care and treatment. Empowering cancer nurses will increase patient care satisfaction. We recommend the implementation of programs designed to support nurses and improve nursing communication skills. We also recommend that the technical and psychosocial aspects of nursing care should be considered as a whole.

Case Study of a Graduate Nurse’s NCLEX-RN®Failure Experience

Graduate nurses who fail the National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN®) need multifaceted, trauma-reducing, complex strategies to support their future success. Nursing faculty and academic success coaches can facilitate recovery from the grief of not passing the RN licensing exam. Supportive interventions need to match each graduate nurse’s unique situation when pursuing NCLEX-RN success. This case study of a graduate nurse’s NCLEX-RN failure experience is framed by Watson’s theory of human caring applied to academic coaching interventions that may heal the grief experienced during the transition to sit again to take the NCLEX-RN.

Mindful self-compassion program based on Watson's theory of human caring in nursing students: A randomized controlled study

Aims and backgroundThis study investigated the impact of the Mindful Self-Compassion Program, based on Watson's Theory of Human Caring Model, on the physical and mental health of nursing students. The essence of nursing is care and compassion. While there are studies on compassion in nursing care, nurses' self-compassion is an underrecognized concept in the literature. MethodsThe study employed a randomized controlled design and involved 80 seconds-grade nursing students from a university in Turkey between December 2021 and June 2022. The intervention group received an online program consisting of six weekly sessions, while the control group did not receive any intervention. The data were collected using the Promotive and Protective Health Behaviors Scale, Watson Caritas Self-Rating Score, Brief Resilience Scale, and Self-Compassion Scale before, at the end of, and 5 months after the program. ResultsIn both the post-test and follow-up test, the intervention group exhibited an increase in health-promoting and protective behaviors, self-care perception, psychological resilience, and self-compassion compared to the control group. ConclusionTherefore, it is recommended to use the program to improve the physical and mental health of individuals in nursing practice areas. Additionally, it would be beneficial to include the program in the nursing education curriculum. Our findings provide evidence supporting the use of the program for nursing students and nurses.

Spiritual Care: Determining the Need, Providing the Care

Watson’s theory of human caring was the conceptual framework that underpinned this study. Nurses understand the importance of spiritual care and consider spirituality important when caring for patients; however, minimal education in spiritual care is provided. Although nurses recognize the need to provide spiritual care to patients, many do not feel that they received educational courses to prepare and support them in providing spiritual care. Health care educators and nurse leaders may use the study findings to develop resources to increase nurses’ perceptions of spiritual care that may ultimately impact nurse–patient, nurse–leadership performance satisfaction, and work relationships.

Application of refined nursing model based on Watson’s theory of human caring for patients undergoing electronic bronchoscopy

Application of refined nursing model based on Watson’s theory of human caring for patients undergoing electronic bronchoscopy

Nursing Student Perceptions of Incivility in Academia.

Compassion is an essential value held by the nursing profession, but many nurses demonstrate incivility that may originate from their experiences in nursing academia. The Incivility in Nursing Education-Revised tool was used at a community college nursing program to gain student perspectives on incivility. Watson's theory of human caring influenced this study. Participants were surveyed about types and frequencies of perceived faculty incivility. At least 77.8 percent of participants observed some degree of incivility in the program. No correlations between incivility and age or health care experience were identified.

Critical analysis of the scientific production on Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Care

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar a produção científica atual acerca da utilização dos preceitos teórico-metodológicos da Teoria do Cuidado Humano/Processo Clinical Caritas de Jean Watson. Método: estudo quantitativo, exploratório, descritivo, com recorte de 1979 a 2023 na base Scopus. Análise realizada com o software VOSviewer. Resultados: os 73 estudos incluídos estabelecem uma rede de colaboração entre 221 autores de 155 instituições em 18 países, que discutem o desenvolvimento do comportamento ético da equipe de enfermagem, por meio de aprimoramento técnico, implantação e validação de estratégias de instrumentos capazes de mensurar e avaliar a qualidade do cuidado holístico e empático. A Teoria do Cuidado Humano contribui para a formação e cuidado de enfermagem e Process Clinical Caritas-Veritas é útil para as diferentes possibilidades de prática e educação. Conclusões: importância em fortalecer com mais dados empíricos um modelo de trabalho de enfermagem centrado no cuidado humano individual, subsidiando a evolução do conhecimento científico da enfermagem.

Difficulties experienced by individuals who care for palliative patients – a qualitative study informed by Jean Watson’s theory of human caring

Difficulties experienced by individuals who care for palliative patients – a qualitative study informed by Jean Watson’s theory of human caring

Effects of an Orff Music Activity Intervention Program on the Ego-Resilience, Peer Relationships, Happiness, Interpersonal Care Awareness, Anxiety, and Stress of Children from Multicultural Families in Republic of Korea.

This study developed an interpersonal care-based Orff music activity program for children from multicultural families in Republic of Korea. We measured its effects on ego-resilience, peer relationships, happiness, interpersonal care awareness, anxiety, and stress. The participants were 74 children from third to sixth grade attending 10 regional children's centers in Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do Province, Republic of Korea. They were randomly assigned to 36 experimental groups and 38 control groups. The experimental program was developed based on investigations of human care theory, expressions of care, and Orff music activities. The experiment was conducted twice a week for five weeks in 45 min sessions. Data were collected from June to September 2020. We used questionnaires on ego-resilience, peer relationships, happiness, and interpersonal care awareness to measure the effects, which were analyzed through frequency and descriptive statistics. Anxiety, physiological anxiety, acculturation stress, and physiological stress were measured using Behavior Detection VibraImage System Version 8.1 PRO (VIBRASYSTEM Ltd., Co., Seoul, Republic of Korea). The homogeneity of the variables across groups was examined using the χ² test, t-test, and Fisher's exact test. The effects were examined using repeated measures variance analysis and independent t-tests. The results showed that the program had significant effects on ego-resilience, peer relationships, happiness, interpersonal care awareness, physiological anxiety, and physiological stress. The findings suggest that interpersonal care nursing can be effective for children from multicultural families, and the program can be used for intervention to improve children's mental health.

Effect of Emotional Intelligence on Employee Caring Behaviour: a Study of Professional Nurses in Tertiary Health Care Institutions in Benue State, Nigeria

This study examined the effect of emotional intelligence on caring behaviour of professional nurses in tertiary health care institutions in Benue State, Nigeria. Specifically the study sought to examine the effects of self-awareness, self-management, social awareness and relationship management on caring behaviour of professional nurses in tertiary health care institutions in Benue State. Anchored on Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring, the study adopted the survey design. Population of the study consisted of 586 professional nurses working in the two tertiary healthcare facilities in Benue State (312 from the Federal Medical Centre and 274 from the Benue State University Teaching Hospital). A sample size of 245 was arrived at with the aid of Taro Yamene’s sampling formula. Primary data were gathered through questionnaire. The data were coded and analysed with the aid of SPSS. Hypotheses of the study were tested using regression analysis at 5% level of significance. Findings revealed that self-awareness, self-management, social awareness and relationship management all have significant effect on caring behaviour of professional nurses in tertiary health care institutions in Benue State, Nigeria. The study concludes that there is a significant relationship between emotional intelligence and caring behaviour of professional nurses in tertiary health care institution in Benue State. The study recommends that in order to ensure quality care to patients, management of tertiary healthcare organisations in Benue State should recognize and develop EI abilities in nurses who constantly struggle to show care since EI can be taught and learnt.

Impact of Watson’s human caring-based health promotion program on caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia

BackgroundCaring for people with schizophrenia is accompanied by challenges that impact caregiver health. We conducted this study to explore the effect of a Caring Science-Based health promotion program on the sense of coherence and well-being among caregivers of persons with schizophrenia.MethodsThis randomized clinical trial with the Solomon four-group design was conducted on 72 caregivers randomly allocated into two intervention and two control groups. A health promotion program based on Watson’s theory was performed individually through five face-to-face sessions and a four-week follow-up. Settings were the psychiatric centers of the three educational, specialty, and subspecialty Ibn-e-Sina, Moharary, and Hafez hospitals affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS), south of Iran. The data were collected using a demographic information form, the Sense of Coherence Scale, and the Caregiver Well-Being Scale. One-way ANOVA, chi-square, Kruskal–Wallis, and independent t-test were used to determine the homogeneity at baseline. In the post-test, multiple between-groups and pairwise comparisons were assessed by One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc. Within-group comparisons were evaluated using paired t-tests. All tests were two-tailed, and the statistical level was considered 0.05.ResultsData analysis showed that the mean scores of caregiver sense of coherence and well-being from pre-intervention to post-intervention were significantly increased in the intervention groups (p < 0.001). At the same time, there were no significant differences in the control groups.ConclusionThe health promotion program based on Watson’s human caring theory facilitated ongoing intrapersonal, and holistic caring and improved the sense of coherence and well-being in caregivers of persons with schizophrenia. Hence, this intervention is recommended for developing healing care programs.Trial registrationhttps://www.irct.ir/trial/55040: IRCT20111105008011N2 (11/04/2021).

The effect of nursing care based on human caring theory on posttraumatic growth in parentally bereaved adolescents: Action research.

The death of a parent is a traumatic experience for adolescents. Studies to ensure post-traumatic growth in adolescents are limited. The aim of this study to evaluate the effect of nursing care based on Watson's Theory of Human Caring on posttraumatic growth in parentally bereaved adolescents. This study was participatory action research. The study was carried out with four participants through online interviews. In the study, pre- and post-action data were obtained through individual interviews and scales. During the action process, nursing care based on the Theory of Human Caring was provided to the participants individually tracked through the Omaha System. Pre and post-action qualitative data were analyzed using the descriptive analysis method. In quantitative data, scale total and sub-scores were documented. During the action, it was determined via Omaha System coding that the participants mostly experienced grief and mental health problems. In the pre-action, the participants stated that they experienced various difficulties regarding grief. In the post-action, the participants stated that the meaning of parental loss,its effects on life, and their ability to cope with loss changed and they experienced positive changes. In addition, when the scale scores of the participants' pre- and post-action were compared, it was found that the Mourning Scale scores decreased, and the Post-traumatic Growth Inventory scores increased. The result of this study demonstrate that nursing care based on Theory of Human Caring reduces the grief symptoms and contributes to post-traumatic growth in parentally bereaved adolescents.

The role of safety leadership in nursing management during the pandemic

The role of safety leadership in nursing management during the pandemic

Frontline nurses experiences about human caring during pandemic of COVID-19: A directed content analysis study.

This study aims to investigate experiences of frontline nurses about human caring during COVID-19 pandemic based on the Ten Caritas Processes® of Watson's Human Caring Theory. A directed content analysis was performed. A total of 15 frontline nurses were recruited by purposive sampling from Razi hospital (north of Iran), in 2020 and semi-structured interviews were conducted. Extracted categories based on Ten Caritas Processes® included feeling satisfied in providing care to patients, effective presence with patients, moving towards self-actualization (moving towards transcendence), care with trust and compassion, experience positive and negative emotions, creativity in providing care, self-directing learning experience in the field of care, unfavourable environment for providing care, feeling acceptance and worth, uncertainty (facing the unknown). This study showed that communication skills, self-sensitivity, patient dignity, teaching-learning and problem-solving skills, holistic attention to the patient, and the provision of a healing environment are necessary for patient care.

The effectiveness of a training program based on the Human Caring Theory to caring behaviors and post-cesarean caring outcomes

This study was conducted to determine the effects of the Human Caring Theory-based post-cesarean caring and pain management training on caring behaviors and caring outcomes. The sample consisted of 25 nurses, midwives and 208 women who had cesarean. Nurses and midwives were given training based on Human Caring Theory, which consisted of three sessions. Nurses and midwives caring behavior scores increased after the training. Midwives’ self-rating scores, the rate of using a scale to assess pain and recording information on pain assessment increased. Caring satisfaction and perception of the caring behavior of women who had cesarean increased and their pain levels decreased.