Health Belief Model Theory Research Articles

Preventive Behavior to Obesity in Elementary School Students in Surabaya, Indonesia

Background: Overweight and obesity are two of the main non-communicable disease risks, causing mortalities in developed and developing countries. Obesity is a condition of excessive body fat, which causes overnutrition and obesity in children increases each year. Child obesity raises physical health problems that have the impact on the quality of life and the child’s body development. Moreover, it potentially makes children suffer from diseases. Purpose: This study aims to identify the related factors of preventive behavior for obesity among elementary school students in Surabaya by using the Health Belief Model Theory. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study, which involved 104 elementary school students in fourth and fifth grade in SD Dr. Soetomo V, Surabaya as samples. These samples were taken with simple random sampling. The independent variables in this study were perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy and cues to action. While the dependent variable was preventive behavior for obesity. Data were analyzed by using double logistic regression after the candidates selectionwith p<0.25 was obtained from the analysis of dependent and independent variables. Results: The results show that perceived susceptibility (P Value= 0,262), perceived severity (P Value= 0,967), perceived barriers (P Value= 0,255), and cues to action (P Value= 0,565) does not have a correlation with preventive behavior for obesity among the students. Factors related to preventive behavior for obesity were perceived benefits (P Value= 0,037) and self-efficacy (P Value= 0,037). Conclusion: The factors which are related to preventive behavior for obesity among the students at Dr. Soetomo V Elementary School, Surabaya are perceived benefits and self-efficacy.

Applying structural equation model in HBM theory

Diabetic Mellitus (DM) is a widespread chronic disease around the world, among which type 2 DM (T2DM) shared the majority. It caused multiple severe complications and consequently a high mortality rate. DM complications overwhelm jeopardize the patient’s quality of life. In response to the threats of such complications, some nutraceuticals were developed, including the highly praised bitter melon peptide (BMP). This study aims to apply the structural equation model in HBM. A theoretical model had been developed on the health belief model (HBM), and to test with the structural equation model (SEM) technique to examine the fitness of the theory and the data gathered in this research. A structural questionnaire was developed and used to collect 292 valid responses from DM patients. The SEM results indicated the fitness of the theory and the data were acceptable. Perceived susceptibility of DM complications and perceived benefits of nutraceutical were major predictors of intake behavior, and the association of perceived benefits and behavior was mediated by the patient’s self-efficacy on nutraceutical intake behavior.

Assessment of Awareness and Knowledge About Rickets in Primary Health Care Centers in Saudi Arabia Based on Health Belief Model and Social Cognitive Theory

BACKGROUND: Rickets is considered a significant health issue affecting children especially infants and toddlers. Despite the development affordable and accessible of a health care system in Saudi Arabia, Saudi children had a high prevalence of rickets. This study aims to assess knowledge and awareness of mothers about rickets after short interventional program based on the health belief model and social cognitive theory.
 
 METHODS: A Quasi-experimental design pre-posttest type was carried out by using self-administered questionnaire. A sample size of 180 mothers who attended the well-baby clinic in primary health care centers in Riyadh and Medina Region were consented and then enrolled in the study. The questionnaire focused on 7 domains; demographic information and the other 6 domains based on health believe model and social cognitive theory.
 
 RESULTS: The mean scores of knowledge, self-efficacy, and health belief model constructs (susceptibility, severity, benefits) significantly increased. The mean score and the percentages of knowledge and health belief model constructs show changes between pretest and post test result with statistical significant (27.9% in knowledge and self-efficacy, 34.9% in perceived susceptibility, 54.5% in perceived severity, 25.9% in perceived benefits, 11.7% in perceived barriers and 5.4% in cues to action) all were with a p-value of less than 0.05. 
 
 CONCLUSION: Educational intervention based on social cognitive theory and health belief model were effective in improving knowledge, awareness and practice related to preventive behaviors of rickets.

Knowledge and Screening on Sexually Transmitted Diseases Among Adults in Maiduguri Metropolis of Borno State Northern-Eastern, Nigeria

This study assessed the knowledge of adult on sexually transmitted diseases in Maiduguri metropolis of Borno State North-Eastern, Nigeria. In order to achieve this objective, one research objectives and one research question was formulated and three null hypotheses were tested. The theoretical frame work used for this study was theory of Health Belief Model developed by Stretcher and Rosentock. The Health Belief Model (HBM) is a theoretical framework used to understand health behaviours and possible reason for non-compliance with recommended health action. Related literature was reviewed under the following sub-headings: Concept of sexually transmitted infections, epidemiology/pathogenesis of sexually transmitted infections and Types of sexually transmitted infections. Survey research design was used for this study. The populations for this study was made up of ten thousand and-ten (10,010), INEC, 2019, and five hundred (500) respondents were sampled for the study using simple random sampling. Data were collected using questionnaire on knowledge and screening for sexually transmitted diseases among adult in Maiduguri metropolis (KSSTD). Five hundred respondents were sampled for this study and analyzed using descriptive statistics of frequency count and percentages to describe the demographic characteristics of the respondents and to answer research questions. While, inferential statistics of Chi-square test was used to test the research hypotheses at 0.05 alpha level of significant. The result of the finding revealed that adult in Maiduguri metropolis had good knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases. Also, the result of the findings revealed statistically that knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases in Maiduguri metropolis among adult of different educational background did not differ significantly (p˃0.05). While, knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases between male and female in Maiduguri metropolis differed significantly (p˂0.05), and knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases in Maiduguri metropolis among adult of different ethnic background did not differ significantly (p˃0.05). It was concluded that adult in Maiduguri metropolis have the knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases. For example some respondents believed that sexually transmitted infections is a blood borne diseases, furthermore, some respondents believed that viruses and bacteria are the causative agent of most sexually transmitted infection, while some respondents believed that sexually transmitted infections can be transmitted during sexual intercourse, from mother to her unborn child through umbilical cord or from mother to her child during child birth. It was also found some that respondents strongly agreed that HBV, HPV and HIV were commonly caused by viral infection, while syphilis, gonorrhoea, trachoma and chlamydia are caused by bacteria. And majority of the respondents in Maiduguri metropolis believed that going for screening regularly and before marriage can prevent the spread of sexually transmitted infections like hepatitis B virus, human papilloma virus and HIV/AIDS. It was recommended that Government should embark on sensitizations workshops and public enlightenment campaigns to educate the general population of young adult on the sexually transmitted diseases and the importance of regular screening for sexually transmitted diseases. A well-organized health education campaigns and media (TV, radio and internet) are needed to improve public perceptions and understanding about sexually transmitted infections. Massive educational campaign that involves all stakeholders of society, including health care workers and community members, should be undertaking to make society more tolerant when it comes to issues of sexually transmitted diseases.

The Comparison of Work Productivity Between Nurses with Insight of Occupational Health Nursing (OHN) and of Those Without It

ABSTRACT Introduction: Occupational Health Nursing (OHN) is very important to be studied by nursing students considering the industial demands are very high on the importance of the health of workers in the future. The problem is they don't get proportional insights to OHN. This needs evidence of its effect on nurses’ work productivity. Objective: The objective is to compare the level of work productivity between nurses who have the OHN insight with those without it, working in the industrial setting. Method: The method is Comparative Study with Cross Sectional Study Design with nursing students, nurses and Indonesian nurses working abroad as the populations. The sampling technique is non-probability sampling with a total sample of 130 respondents. The data collection tool uses a questionnaire and Likert Scale, compiled based on the Health Belief Model Theory (HBM). The data were analyzed by the Paired Sample T-test to see the differences between nurses who had received OHN subject and those who had never. Result: The results show significant differences on level of understanding between nurses who have received subject material about OHN with those who have never had it, with a p-value of 0,000. Discussion: Significant productivity differences between nurses who have received lecture material about OHN and those who did not, which can be used as criticism or input for nursing education in Indonesia.

Modeling Of Stunting Prevelence Reduction In Toddlers By Securing Household Waste (Based On The Health Belief Model Theory)

Stunting is a condition of nutritional deficiencies caused by insufficient long-term nutritional intake. It is estimated that one in four children under the age of five fails to grow along the optimal trajectory set in the World Health Organization's Child Growth Standards. This study aims to find a model of reducing the prevalence of stunting in children under five in the city of Palembang through processing household waste. This research was an analytic observational study through a quantitative approach and cross-sectional study design. In this study, the population is all mothers who have children under five (0-59 months) who check the condition of their children in the working area of ​​Palembang city health center. Each increase in 1 unit of perception of seriousness increases 0.074 units of Securing Household Waste Behavior (p value = 0.024) On the perception of benefits obtained every increase of 1 unit it will increase 0.135 units of Securing household waste behavior (p value = 0.001). Every increase of 1 unit of perception of eating problems will decrease 0.067 units of Securing Household Waste Behavior (p value = 0.049). Cue unit to act increases 0.078 units of CTPS behavior (p value = 0.023) Every increase of 1 unit of ability / efficacy increases 0.518 units of Securing household waste behavior (p value = 0.001). Each increase of 1 unit of Securing Household Waste Behavior will decrease stunting of 0.071 units (p-value = 0.039) From this study conclusions can be drawn from the perception of vulnerability, perception of seriousness, perceived usefulness, gestures to act, ability / self-efficacy has influence uh positive about household waste management behavior, but the perception of obstacles has a negative influence on Securing household waste. The most influential component of gesture for action is family support.

4045 A TL1 Team Approach to Identify Factors Affecting Rural Tobacco Users’ Participation in Research and Quitting Tobacco Use

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Guided by the health belief model and social identity theory, we aim to identify socio-cultural and psychological factors that influence rural tobacco users a) participation in research and b) quitting tobacco use. We also explore how citizen scientists are perceived as disseminators of messages. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: In Phase I of this multi-stage project, we are conducting in-depth interviews with approximately 30 tobacco users. Interviews are on-going, and have been conducted with 16 participants thus far from four rural counties in Florida. The interview consists of semi-structured questions and multiple validated questionnaires. Specifically, we ask a series of questions about participants’ barriers to participating in research, tobacco use history, and internet use and message preferences. Additionally, we include questionnaires on participants’ substance use, nicotine dependence, motivation to quit, and willingness to participate in research studies. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Initial findings suggest that rural tobacco users have an overall positive perception of research, and many choose to participate in research for altruistic reasons (i.e. they want to help others). Further, participants noted described feeling stigmatized due to their tobacco use. Although most began smoking to fit in with their community, many now feel on the outs. Participants also reported logistical barriers to participating in research, including lack of transportation. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Findings can inform the development of recruitment materials to resonate with rural adults, including by emphasizing the collective potential to help by participating. This interdisciplinary highlights areas for collaboration to enhance the reach of health education and public health messages.

Assessing Feasibility of an Early Childhood Intervention Using Mobile Phones Among Low-Income Mothers of Newborns: Qualitative Interview Study.

BackgroundMany children aged younger than 5 years living in low- and middle-income countries are at risk for poor development. Early child development (ECD) programs are cost-effective strategies to reduce poverty, crime, school dropouts, and socioeconomic inequality. With the spread of low-cost mobile phones and internet access in low- and middle-income countries, new service delivery models such as mobile phone–aided interventions have a great potential to improve early childhood development.ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify the beliefs on importance of ECD, feasibility of a proposed intervention using mobile phones and factors that may affect the usability of the intervention among mothers of newborns in a poverty-stricken area in southwestern China.MethodsWe conducted an in-depth, semistructured interview study of 25 low-income mothers of newborns recruited from two county hospitals in Yunnan Province. We applied the health belief model and cultural competence theories to identify the facilitators, barriers, and preferences among the target population for parenting knowledge.ResultsThe results showed that the participants had low health literacy and high perceived needs for learning ECD knowledge. At the same time, they experienced several barriers to learning parenting information and following evidence-based instructions including having limited time, limited financial resources, and different opinions on childcare among family members. Many participants preferred to receive personalized messages tailored to their specific needs and preferred videos or graphics to text only in the messages. Many favored a separate module to support postpartum mental health.ConclusionsThe study assessed the acceptability of an early childhood intervention using mobile phones to meet the needs of the target population based on their beliefs, traits, and preferences and provided suggestions to refine the intervention to improve its usability.

Text Message Preferences for Surveillance Colonoscopy Reminders Among Colorectal Cancer Survivors.

Background. Surveillance colonoscopy 1-year after colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery effectively reduces CRC mortality, yet less than half of survivors undergo this procedure. Text message reminders can improve CRC screening and other health behaviors, but use of this strategy to address barriers to CRC surveillance has not been reported. Objectives. The goal of this qualitative study was to assess CRC survivor perspectives on barriers to colonoscopy to inform the design of a theory-based, short message service (SMS) intervention to increase surveillance colonoscopy utilization. Method. CRC survivors in Western Washington participated in one of two focus groups to explore perceived barriers to completing surveillance colonoscopy and preferences for SMS communication. Content analysis using codes representative of the health belief model and prospect theory constructs were applied to qualitative data. Results. Thirteen CRC survivors reported individual-, interpersonal-, and system-level barriers to surveillance colonoscopy completion. Participants were receptive to receiving SMS reminders to mitigate these barriers. They suggested that reminders offer supportive, loss-framed messaging; include educational content; and be personalized to communication preferences. Finally, they recommended that reminders begin no earlier than 9 months following CRC surgery and not include response prompts. Conclusions. Our study demonstrates that CRC survivors perceive SMS reminders as an acceptable, valuable tool for CRC surveillance. Furthermore, there may be value in integrating theoretical frameworks to design, implement, and evaluate SMS interventions to address barriers to CRC surveillance. As physicians play a key role in CRC surveillance, provider- and system-level interventions that could additively improve the impact of SMS interventions are also worth exploring.

Tobacco control via quick response code and mobile health technologies: Empirical-evidence of the health belief model theory

Tobacco control via quick response code and mobile health technologies: Empirical-evidence of the health belief model theory

An intervention based on the health belief model led to improvements in self-efficacy towards ERIPP participation and functional performance in club sport athletes: a pilot study

ObjectivesTo determine if an intervention based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) could improve attitudes towards exercise-related injury prevention program (ERIPP) participation and functional performance in club sport participants. DesignRepeated measures MethodsParticipants completed the HBM Scale (HBMS) and Theory of Planned Behavior Scale (TPBS) to assess attitudes towards ERIPP participation at three time points (pre-measure, post-measure, follow-up measure). The HBM based intervention was delivered immediately following the pre-measure containing: 1) education on ERIPPs, benefits and barriers to participating, strategies to overcome barriers, risk factors and consequences for lower extremity injuries, and strategies to prevent lower extremity injuries 2) individualized feedback on functional performance 3) demonstration and participation in the 11+. Attitudes towards injury prevention were compared using the subscales of the HBMS and TPBS at all three time points. Functional performance was compared at the pre-measure and follow-up measure. ResultsSignificant improvements with large effect sizes were detected in individual self-efficacy from pre-test (0.73±4.48) to post-test (2.93±4.30; P=0.05; ƞ2=0.18) and pre-test to follow-up (3.20±3.49; P=0.04; ƞ2=0.20) and community led self-efficacy from pre-test (4.40±2.75) to post-test (6.07±3.43; P=0.02; ƞ2=0.24) and pre-test to follow-up (7.07±2.05; P=0.001; ƞ2=0.44). Additionally, significant improvements were found in the LESS-RT following the intervention. ConclusionsThe intervention based on the HBM led to improvements in individual and community led self-efficacy indicating an enhancement in the participants’ confidence in their ability to participate in an ERIPP. Future research should investigate the effectiveness of individualized interventions to improve attitudes towards and adherence to ERIPPs.

Portrayals of Vaccination in Entertainment Television: A Content Analysis

ABSTRACT Entertainment media have been found to influence viewers’ health perceptions and behaviors, yet little is currently known about how vaccination, an issue that has become controversial, is being portrayed in fictional television. The present study combined constructs from the health belief model and entertainment theory to conduct a quantitative content analysis of 51 television episodes released in 2000 or after. Results indicate that vaccination is portrayed in a variety of different program types including, but not limited to, medical dramas. The tone of vaccination portrayals was mostly positive across the episodes examined. Episodes with a positive vaccination tone tended to have more information than those presenting vaccination negatively, but overall there was little information provided. Pro-vaccination characters tended to be cast as the protagonists in a main starring role, whereas anti-vaccination characters played supporting characters, typically as parents making vaccination decisions for their children. The majority of episodes featured anti-vaccination arguments, such as those perpetuating the link between vaccines and autism.

Biopsychosocial Determinants of Dental and Oral Health Behavior in Elementary School Children in Ponorogo, Indonesia: Application of Health Belief Model

Background: Based on Basic Health Research in 2018, the proper brushing teeth behavior in children in Indonesia was 2.8%. The Elementary School period is an important stage for develop­ing the behavior of maintaining den­tal and oral health in children (students). This stu­dy aim­ed to analyze the bio psychosocial de­ter­­­mi­­nants of the behavior of maintaining den­tal and oral health in elementary school children in Ponorogo by implementing the theory of Health Belief Model. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sec­tio­nal study conducted in Pono­rogo, East Java, Indonesia, from January to Feb­­ruary 2020. A sample of 200 students from 25 elementary schools was selected by simple random sampling. The dependent vari­able was dental and oral health behavior. The independent variables were know­­­ledge, teacher’s role, attitude, perceived sus­cep­tibility, perceived seriousness, perceived be­ne­fit, perceived barrier, cues to action, self-effi­cacy, and school. The data were co­ll­e­c­t­­ed by questionnaire. The data were analyz­ed by a multilevel multiple logistic regression run on Stata 13. Results: Dental and oral health behavior in elementary school students in­creas­ed with good knowledge (OR= 8.73; 95% CI­= ­­2.18 to 34.95; p= 0.002), strong teacher’s role (OR= 3.99; 95% CI= 1.17 to 13.65; p= 0.027), posi­tive attitude (OR= 6.45; 95% CI= 1.73 to 24.04; p=­ 0.­005), strong perceived susceptibility (OR= 7.81; 95% CI= 2.12 to 28.78; p= 0.011), high perceived seri­ousness (OR= 6.62; 95% CI= 1.93 to 22.69; p= 0.003), weak perceived barrier (OR= 0.18; 95%­ CI= 0.05 to 0.72; p = 0.015), big perceived be­nefit (OR= 7.78; 95% CI= 1.80 to 33.56; p= 0.­006), strong cues to action (OR= 3.95; 95% CI= 1.12 to 13.91; p= 0.032), and strong self-efficacy (OR­=­ 4.­99; 95% CI= 1.38 to 18.05; p=0.014 ). Elementary schools had contextual effect on the dental and oral health be­ha­vi­or with ICC= 14.14%. Conclusion: The behavior of maintaining den­tal and oral health in elementary school students is affected by good knowledge, strong teacher’s role, high perceived susceptibility, high perceived serious­ness, weak perceived barrier, big per­ceiv­ed benefit, high cues to action, and strong self-effi­cacy. The school has a contextual effect on the be­haviour of maintaining dental and oral health in students. Keywords: the behaviour of maintaining dental health, health belief model.

Transtheoretical model as a framework for promoting cardiovascular health through behaviour change: a systematic review

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the single leading cause of death around the globe. The Transtheoretical model (TTM) is a successful framework for guiding behaviour change programmes for several health behaviours, yet there are limited reviews on how TTM has been used to facilitate behaviour change associated with reduced CVD. Therefore, the aims of this systematic review are to determine (i) how TTM has been used in promoting physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, and smoking cessation and (ii) gaps in knowledge in the use of stage-based model to improve physical activity, intake of fruit and vegetables, and smoking cessation. Materials and Methods: The approach to this systematic review was informed by current recommendations known as Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Approach (PRISMA). Results: Constructs of TTM were used in the design of studies, facilitation of health behaviour change, monitoring of change in the movement of the participants across the change continuum, and evaluation of the effectiveness of health behaviour programmes. TTM was incorporated with other models, including Health Belief Model (HBM), social-ecological model, and social cognitive theory to facilitate behaviour change. There were limited studies that used all the four constructs of TTM to promote health behaviour change. Conclusion: TTM is a promising tool for designing, facilitating, monitoring, and evaluating behaviour change associated with reduced cardiovascular disease (CVD). TTM may be incorporated with other models, including HBM, social-ecological model, and social cognitive theory to facilitate behaviour change.

Factors Affecting Early Detection and Stimulation by Mothers and their Impact on Receptive Language Skills of Children Age 4 to 6 Years

Background: Language is a communication tool used by humans since birth. Receptive langu­age can be interpreted as the ability to com­mu­nic­ate symbolically both visual and auditory. Through early detection measures, parents can find out the problem of child growth and deve­lop­­ment early, so that prevention, stimu­lation, heal­ing, and recovery efforts can be given with clear in­di­ca­tions at critical times of the child's growth and development process. Stimulation of child growth and development is carried out by mothers and fathers who are the closest people to children, other family mem­bers, and community groups in their respective households and in everyday life. This study aims to analyze the relationship bet­ween early detection and early stimulation with the receptive language skills of preschool children using the Health Belief Model (HBM) theory . Subjects and Method: This research was con­duc­ted using a cross-sectional research design in Surakarta, from December 2019 - January 2020. A sample of 200 children was selected using a fix­ed disease sampling tech­ni­que. The dependent va­riable is receptive langua­ge ability. The inde­pen­dent variables are per­ception of vulnerability, perception of serious­­­ness, cues to action, and self-efficacy. The intermediate variables are early detection and early stimulation. Data collection using questionnaires and Receptive One-Word Picture Vocabulary Test(ROWPVT), data were analyzed using path analysis with Stata 13. Results: Receptive language skills are improved with mothers who do early detection (b= 0.83 units; 95% CI= 0.19 to 1.47; p= 0.011) and early stimulation (b= 0.87 units; 95% CI= 0.28 to 1.47; p= 0.004). Conclusion: Children's receptive language skills increase with mothers who do early detec­tion and early stimulation. Children's receptive language skills are indirectly affected by per­cep­tion of vulnerability, perception of serious­­ness, cues to action, and self-efficacy through early detection or early stimulation by the mother. Correspondence: Anggi ResinaPutri. Masters Program in Public Health. Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Su­tami 36A, Surakarta, Central Java, Indo­nesia, 57126. Email: anggiresina­putri­@­gma­il.com. Mo­­bile: 085727387689 Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2020), 5(3): 235-242 https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2020.05.03.02

The Effect of Bullying on Depression, Academic Activity, and Communication in Adolescents in Surakarta: A Multilevel Logistic Regression

Background: Human interaction requires com­munication as a transmission of informa­tion, ideas, emotions, skills, and so on. Com­mu­nica­tion occurs when a source conveys a message to the recipient with a conscious in­ten­tion to influ­ence the recipient's behavior. One of the pro­blems in social communication is bully­ing. Bully­ing or harassment can be through words or through actions that aim to make the opponent's mental fall and pressure. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that influence bullying against depres­sion with the Health Belief Model and Social Cognitive Theory. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectio­nal study conducted in junior high schools in Surakarta, in December 2019. A total sample of 250 adolescents was selected by simple random sampling. The dependent variable was bullying. The inde­pen­dent variables were perceived sus­ceptibility, perceived severity, cues to action, perceived threat, perceived benefit, perceived barrier, self-efficacy, depres­sion, academic activi­ties, and communication. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multiple multilevel logistic regres­sion run on Stata 13. Results: Bullying increased depression (b= 3.69; 95% CI= 1.51 to 9.00; p= 0.004) and poor communication (b= 4.95; 95% CI= 2.24 to 10.89; p <0.001). Bullying decreased academic achievement (b= - 5.68; 95% CI= -12.33 to -2.62; p<0.001). School had strong contextual effect on depression with ICC= ICC= 20.91%. Conclusion: Bullying increases depression and poor communication. Bullying decreases academic achievement. School has strong con­textual effect on depression. Keywords: bullying, depression, Health Belief Model, Social Cognitive Theory Correspondence: Kiyat Sudrajad. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Su­ta­mi 36 A, Surakarta, 57126, Central Java. Ema­il­: kiyatrambo­@gmail.com. Mobile: +628­5­6­47­1­16834. Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2020), 05(02): 79-86 https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2020.05.02.02

Awareness on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) of a Select Village in Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines

Human Immunodeficiency Virus, commonly known as HIV, continues to be a serious health issue globally. The disease is caused by a virus responsible for infecting the cells of the immune system, destroying or impairing their function, which results in progressive deterioration and weakening of the immune system extending up to ten years. Over time, HIV leads to illness and premature death. Aimed to determine the level of awareness among respondents in a select village in Cagayan de Oro City. This will provide the City Health Office and other health organizations with ideas on what area needs extensive health education and the scope of the information to be emphasized and clarified. This study is anchored on Rosenstock and Becker’s theory of Health Belief Model. Descriptive- Comparative Research Design was used. Collection of the data is done using a researcher- made questionnaire. For statistical technique, frequencies, percentage, weighted mean, standard deviation, and T-test for the significant difference. Generally, most of the participants are not aware of the manifestations of HIV, but are more knowledgeable about its transmission and prevention. This implies that they are confused and have little knowledge of the signs and symptoms associated with the disease. Keywords : Human Immunodeficiency Virus, manifestation, transmission, prevention

Study on the influence of health belief model on the compliance of medical staff with sharp injury protection behavior

Objective: To explore the effects of the intervention based on the theoretical framework of Health Belief Model on improving sharp injury protection behavior compliance of medical staffs, in order to provide some references for energetically developing blood-borne occupational exposure protection intervention in the region. Methods: According to the inclusion criteria, 178 medical staffs were selected, implemented intervention of the theory of health belief model. Methods included diversity training, experiencing operation, filed observation and supervision and so on, strengthened intervention after 1 month, evaluated the intervention effect after 3 months, used questionnaires and field observation to evaluate the effect before and after the intervention. Results: the scores of security behavior compliance were higher before intervention and there was significant difference (P<0.05) . Observed that, after the intervention the incidence of unsafe behavior in medical personnel dropped from 29.1% to 13.2%, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . Conclusion: The intervenion of the theory of health belief model can strengthen sharp injury protection belief of medical personnels, improve behavior compliance, reduces the occurrence of sharp injury.

The effect of emotional appeal on seafarers’ safety behaviour: An extended health belief model

IntroductionThis study identifies the factors influencing seafarers’ safety behaviour and examines their interrelationships by synthesising theoretical insights from the health belief model and emotional appeal theory. Emotional appeals are positive or negative persuasive messages that are used to create an emotional response by emphasising the benefits or consequences of exhibiting or not exhibiting safety behaviour. MethodsA survey questionnaire was designed and administered on 227 seafarers of different nationalities. They represent three shipping companies and four ship management companies located in Singapore. The obtained data were analysed using structural equation modelling. The results were tested for non-response bias and corrected for common method bias using the marker variable technique. Bootstrapping was conducted to test mediation effects. ResultsComponents of the health belief model which include perceived threat, outcome expectation, self-efficacy and cues to action have significant, positive effects on seafarers' safety behaviour. Further, emotional appeals complement and reinforce the health belief model to explain safety behaviour. For instance, negative appeal acts as a stimulus that influences safety behaviour directly or indirectly via certain components of the health belief model such as seafarers' perceived threat of an accident and outcome expectation. Similarly, positive appeal directly and indirectly influences safety behaviour via self-efficacy and outcome expectation. The combination of the health belief model and emotional appeal theory explains for 61% of the variance in seafarers’ safety behaviour, after controlling for the effects of training, age, and experience. ConclusionsThe current study enriches existing theoretical research on safety behaviour by synthesising cognitive and affect theories. In addition, the study draws important implications on safety management such as training and education. It also implicates communication policies of shipping companies.

Assessment of nutrition-focused mobile apps' influence on consumers' healthy food behaviour and nutrition knowledge

The research explored if a nutrition-information app influences consumers' healthy food behavior and whether consumers improve their knowledge towards healthy food. Diet and nutrition apps are among the most popular health and fitness apps used by an increasing number of mobile device users. The analyzed app reads the product labels. Then it assesses the quality of ingredients and nutritional values based on user's personal data, such as age and physical activity level, and recommends healthier food alternatives. Scientific evidence of the effectiveness of nutrition-information apps for promoting consumers' healthy food behavior is still limited. The theoretical framework of the study is grounded in constructs from Health Belief Model (HBM) and Trans-theoretical Model (TTM) theories. Data were collected from consumers that spontaneously downloaded an existing nutrition-information app. Out of the 7000 consumers contacted, 143 respondents filled in both the baseline and follow-up questionnaires. The questionnaires included items deriving from the HBM and TTM theoretical constructs adopted, that is self-reported stage of change, susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, self-efficacy, cues to action, perceived and objective healthy food knowledge. The average age of respondents is 38year-old and the sample of respondents is well distributed in terms of level of education, gender, income, working status, and geographical distribution. Findings of the study showed that nutrition-information apps can be effective in overcoming what consumers perceive as personal limitations in approaching healthy food. This is particularly evident among consumers that are building their motivation and concretely planning actions in favor of healthy eating. In particular, using a nutrition-information app decreases the perception of the barriers to healthy food eating. Users have a higher perceived personal strength and self-confidence in approaching healthy food. App users improved their objective and subjective knowledge of healthy food. The results confirmed the effectiveness of the theoretical framework. The results support that family members and friends play a specific role in healthy food behavior inclination. This suggests the inclusion of an additional theoretical construct, the social and family influence construct, when assessing the effectiveness of nutrition-information apps. To improve nutrition-information app effectiveness, the recommendation is that consumer behavior scientists, marketing researchers, nutritionists, and app developers cooperate in the apps design.