Governance Research Articles

Investigating the Norwegian eHealth Governance Model: Document Study.

Governments and policy makers struggle to achieve a balance between hierarchical steering and horizontal governance in systems characterized by fragmented decision authority and multiple interests. To realize its One Citizen-One Journal eHealth policy vision, the Norwegian government established a special eHealth board of stakeholders to create an inclusive governance model that aligned stakeholders' interests with thegovernment's ambitions through coordination and consensus. Little empirical knowledge exists on how countries realize inclusive governance models. This study aims to investigate how the Norwegian inclusive eHealth governance model was developed as a tool to align the government's policy ambitions with stakeholders' concerns from January 2012 to December 2022. This document study used a thematic analysis based on a constructivist research approach. We included 16 policy documents and 175 consultation response documents issued between January 2012 and December 2022 related to the Norwegian One Citizen-One Journal policy implementation process. The themes were constructed deductively from a review of governance models and public governance theory and were applied as our analytical lens to each document. The findings were interpreted, analyzed, and synthesized. The national policy implementation process progressed through 3 phases, with changes in stakeholder inclusion and perceived influence on the decision-making process characterizing transitions from phase to phase. Tension developed between 2 contrasting views regarding top-down government authority and stakeholders' autonomy. The view of the regional health trusts, municipalities, health care professional organizations, and industry actors contrasted with that of the patient organizations. Governmental insensitivity to participation, lack of transparency, and decreasing trust by stakeholder groups challenged the legitimacy of the inclusive governance model. We illustrated that Norway's One Citizen-One Journal policy trajectory was characterized by a process that unfolded across 3 distinct phases. The process was characterized by 2 contrasting stakeholder perspectives. Finally, it was shaped by diminishing trust in the inclusive governance model. The National eHealth Governance Board faced challenges in establishing legitimacy as a top-down inclusive governance model, primarily attributed to its addressing of participation, transparency, and trust dilemmas. Such dilemmas represent significant obstacles to inclusive governance models and require ongoing governmental vigilance and responsiveness from governmental entities.

The Role of the State in Community-Led Welcome: Lessons from Homes for Ukraine

AbstractCommunity-led routes to welcome refugees and migrants, such as community sponsorship, are often viewed as the devolution of the state’s resettlement and integration responsibilities to non-governmental actors. Yet, there remains a significant role for the state. This paper outlines the role of central, regional, and local government in community-led welcome by drawing from learning from Homes for Ukraine in the UK and the engagement of UK local authorities in the scheme using theories of the multi-level governance of migration. Launched in March 2022 in response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Homes for Ukraine allows sponsors to ‘name’ Ukrainians to host in their homes for a minimum of 6 months. While the public and community support for the scheme was unprecedented, our analysis shows the state plays a key role in the scheme. The central government retains overall control of the scheme’s governance by regulating immigration status and the funding parameters for support. Local authorities have specifically defined responsibilities, including checking sponsors’ suitability, wider integration responsibilities, and acting as a ‘backstop’ in case of placement breakdown or beyond the lifetime of the support programme. Ultimately, we suggest that whilst community-led welcome widens the scope of actors involved in resettling and integrating newcomers, it cannot be viewed solely as a community alternative to government-led refugee resettlement and integration. Instead, we propose a conceptualisation of community-led welcome as an approach to resettlement and integration which requires effective multi-level governance for it to offer a durable solution to refugees and newcomers.

Good Governance in Not-for-Profit Organizations: A Review of the Literature on Boards of Directors

ABSTRACT We review factors that contribute to good governance in not-for-profit (NFP) organizations, specifically the performance and effectiveness of Boards of Directors. Assessing Board performance is a difficult task because of the variety of missions that NFPs strive to achieve and the assortment of stakeholders that they aim to appease. It is further complicated by the limited amount of data that are available and relevant to NFP Boards. Researchers often control for good governance by using an organization’s self-reported information about basic policies and procedures as a proxy for performance, but assessing a Board directly often involves more nuanced information. This review provides background information about NFP Boards, discusses relevant governance theories and the related Board roles commonly examined in NFP research, examines what is known about the performance and effectiveness of Boards in those roles, and suggests ideas for future NFP Board governance research. JEL Classifications: M40; M41.

Governance of knowledge development in a public-private partnership: NASAs efforts to design the Space Shuttle

What conceptual opportunities for the theory of innovation governance are uncovered by analyzing the knowledge development required to design the first reusable spacecraft, the Space Shuttle, through a public-private partnership? Using data collected from various sources, this study provides insights into how NASA, a public agency, governed knowledge development while engaging private actors in anticipation of creating a long-running shuttle program. First, within each phase of the design process, knowledge was developed through knowledge generation, knowledge filtration, and knowledge combination and involved a division of labor. Second, knowledge reinforcing—whereby the knowledge developed in the previous phase was innovated upon using new knowledge—occurred between phases. In summary, the paper highlights how public-private partnerships govern knowledge development by managing division of labor and reinforcing knowledge. These insights pave the way for future investigations at the intersection of governance mechanisms and innovation processes.

Implementation of Collaborative Governance in Managing BRIN's Research and Innovation Funding to Promote the Strengthening of Indonesia's Research Ecosystem

The study aims to provide an overview of the implementation of the funding scheme for research and innovation, as well as the involvement of stakeholders in the collaborative development of the research ecosystem and innovation. The study uses Ansell and Gash's collaborative governance theory, identifying stakeholders and analyzing stakeholder roles based on power and interests. (interest). The study employs descriptive research methods and qualitative data collection techniques. Data acquisition entails interviews, observations, and documentation from informants who are knowledgeable about these research issues. The findings demonstrate the fulfillment of Ansell and Gash's collaborative elements. Stakeholders in the research and innovation funding program consist of primary stakeholders, key stakeholders, and secondary stakeholders. The management of research and innovation funding involves a mapping of stakeholders, each with their own unique influences and interests. Stakeholders in the research and innovation funding program consist of primary stakeholders, key stakeholders, and secondary stakeholders. Key players include the Deputy for Research Facilitation and Innovation and the Deputy for Utilization Research and Innovation. Subjects that receive research and innovation funding are the Center for Research Collaboration and startups. Researchers from universities and research organizations wield significant influence as contest setters. The crowd includes the Deputy for Infrastructure Research and Innovation, the Directorate of Talent Management, the Inspectorate, and industry and company partners.

Study on the barriers and breakthroughs of resilience building in aging Urban communities from the perspective of risk management: A case study of Jin Guang Men community in Xi’an

The continuous escalation of social risks has exacerbated the challenges faced by aging urban communities. In this context, resilience building emerges as a critical approach, offering new perspectives and innovative solutions to address these issues. This paper applies the theories of risk society and resilience governance to establish an analytical framework for resilience governance, specifically examining the current status of resilience construction within the Jin Guang Men community in Xi’an. The findings indicate that resilience building within these aging urban communities is hindered by issues such as weak grassroots governance, deficient repair mechanisms, inadequate infrastructure, and a slow pace of information technology adoption. To effectively manage social risks, it is imperative to strengthen party leadership in governance, enhance community self-repair capacities, upgrade infrastructure, and accelerate the application of information technology. These measures are essential for bolstering the risk management capabilities of aging urban communities.

Reconstructing Civil Service Recruitment Policies in Indonesia: Ensuring Justice and Equity in Regional ASN Procurement Aligned with SDG 8 And SDG 10

Objectives: This study aims to analyze the limitations of Law Number 20 of 2023 on State Civil Apparatus (ASN Law) in accommodating the principle of justice in ASN procurement, especially in regional areas. Theoretical Framework: The study employs theories of fair governance and distributive justice, focusing on equitable access to public resources and services. The analysis also incorporates principles from SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), which advocates for decent work opportunities across regions, and SDG 10 (Reduced Inequality), which underscores the need to reduce disparities in resource distribution across areas. Method: This research uses a normative approach, reviewing legal literature and regulations related to the governance of ASN procurement. Results and Discussion: The findings indicate that the centralistic nature of the ASN Law limits regional autonomy in managing ASN procurement, leading to challenges in adequately staffing local governments according to their unique needs. Issues such as the PNS moratorium and low ASN recruitment absorption rates exacerbate these challenges, creating gaps in human resources within local government ranks. The study proposes regulatory reconstruction, including a balanced division of authority between central and regional governments, enhanced coordination, and oversight from the central government, and regional ASN competency development. Research Implications: The proposed regulatory reconstruction has implications for strengthening regional capacity to address staffing needs and for promoting fair governance in ASN management. Originality/Value: This research offers unique insights into the limitations of Indonesia's current ASN Law and the need for a governance model that supports regional needs.

The Influence of Risk, Leverage, Board Gender Diversity, Moderated by Firm Size on Profitability of Banking Sector

The economic growth has been propelled by substantial changes in the monetary framework, the relaxation of financial limitations, and the incorporation into the international market. Various factors influence how companies operate to gain profits. The theory underpinning this research is risk management theory, focusing on how credit risk and market risk affect company profitability. Credit risk refers to potential losses from parties failing to meet their financial obligations, while market risk relates to asset value fluctuations due to market factors. Leverage (debt usage) represents financial theory innovation, addressing how a company's capital structure impacts profitability. Board diversity represents corporate governance theory innovation, examining the influence of female board representation on profitability. This study aims to determine the influence of credit risk, market risk, leverage, and board gender diversity on profitability, considering the moderating effects of business size. The data employed in this study was acquired from the annual financial reports of banking firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), covering the period from 2018 to 2023. Purposive sampling identified a sample of 38 banks. The results show that credit risk and market risk significantly positively influence profitability. Credit risk and market risk moderated by firm size significantly negatively affect profitability. Leverage significantly negatively influences profitability, moderated by firm size. Board gender diversity does not affect profitability, and its moderation by firm size also does not affect profitability. Leverage, credit risk, and market risk have the potential to enhance profitability and attract investors, who can consider these factors for better risk-based investment decisions

Justifying authoritarian practices: epistemic governance in two opposite interventionist policies on women’s attire in Iran’s pre- and post-revolution 1979

ABSTRACT How do authoritarian actors seek to justify their interventionist gendered policies? The study bridges the authoritarian governmentality scholarship with Epistemic Governance theory to disclose epistemic politics in interventionist policymaking. It gathers textual data from political leaders and influential actors to investigate the epistemic practices around the justifications of two culture-shaping policies on Iranian women’s attire: the ‘unveiling’ policy banning all women’s head covers in the 1930s and the ‘mandatory veiling’ laws in the 1980s. Foucauldian discourse analysis as elaborated in Epistemic Governance analytic is applied to scrutinise how women’s attires were problematised in both cases and how exclusionary measures were justified. The findings reveal that in the 1930s, veiling was represented as the dangerous embodied emblem of backwardness that must be excluded in the urgent context of national progress. In contrast, unveiling, as the marker of cultural colonialism, was prohibited in the context of the necessity to protect the counter-hegemonic national values in the 1980s. These findings highlight recontextualisation practices turning women’s attire into a matter of national security that justify pastoral power for governmental interventions. The study hence warns against (in-)security politics in authoritarian governance whereby any epistemic field is depoliticised, and public opinion is conducted towards interventionist policies.

Evaluation of Rural Environmental Governance Efficiency and Influencing Factors in the Yangtze River Delta Region under the Goal of “Dual Carbon”

In the face of deteriorating ecological problems such as pollution from agricultural production, pollution from farmers' lives, and pollution from township industries in the Yangtze River Delta region, as well as the plight of an imperfect rural environmental governance system and insufficient governance capacity, there is an urgent need to set up a comprehensive assessment system for the efficiency of rural environmental governance, improve the rural environmental governance system, and modernize the capacity of environmental governance. This project will firstly sort out the research results of rural environmental governance at home and abroad, and systematically analyze the theory of rural environmental governance; secondly, analyze the spatial changes of environmental pollution in rural areas during different periods, and analyze the efficiency of environmental governance in the rural areas of the Yangtze River Delta in different dimensions; finally, analyze the influencing factors of the efficiency of rural environmental governance under the constraints of the target of “double carbon”, and analyze the factors of economic development, economic development, and the impacts on the efficiency of rural environmental governance. Finally, we analyze the influencing factors of rural environmental governance efficiency under the constraint of the “double carbon” goal, and analyze the impacts of economic development, policy formulation, villagers' motivation and other factors on rural environmental governance efficiency. The results of this study provide an important reference for further promoting the realization of the dual-carbon goal and scientific environmental governance in the Yangtze River Delta region, and also provide a strong case study and reference for environmental governance strategies in other regions.

Comparative Approaches to Energy Transition: Policy Guideline for Enhancing Thailand’s Path to a Low-Carbon Economy

Thailand’s transition to a low-carbon economy faces significant challenges, including a dependency on fossil fuels, fluctuating energy costs, and limited policy clarity. This study conducts a comparative analysis of energy transition policies in Germany, Japan, Australia, Malaysia, and Singapore to derive actionable lessons that can be adapted to Thailand’s socio-economic and energy contexts. Using the Integrated National Energy Planning (INEP) framework and Network Governance Theory, the research identifies key strategies, such as setting clear and achievable renewable energy targets, establishing robust legal frameworks, fostering multi-stakeholder engagement, and encouraging decentralized governance. The findings highlight the importance of long-term vision, inclusive governance, and targeted investments in renewable technologies to accelerate energy transitions. This paper presents policy guidelines to enhance Thailand’s energy security and contribute to its climate goals by promoting public awareness and strengthening institutional capacities. By adapting these strategies, Thailand can align with global energy trends, reduce its reliance on fossil fuels, and advance toward a resilient and sustainable energy system, aligned with global energy trends while addressing its unique socio-economic context.

Potential conflict diagnosis, simulation optimization and coordination of production-living-ecological space in gully areas of the Loess Plateau, China

The gully areas on the Loess Plateau have always been ecologically fragile agricultural areas. These areas often face the common problem of intensified conflicts in production-living-ecological space during economic development, and there is an urgent need for systematic spatial governance. This study innovatively developed a full process technical framework of “identification diagnosis - simulation optimization - coordinated governance” for potential conflicts in the production-living-ecological space, and used Huachi County in the gully area of the Loess Plateau as an example for empirical research. Under this framework, we analyzed the transfer patterns of production, living, and ecological space in the research area; Improved the spatial suitability evaluation index system of “multi-dimensional + multi-objective”; The conflict determination matrix was used to identify the scope, scale, type, and intensity of potential spatial conflicts; We conducted spatial optimization simulations under two scenarios: prioritizing ecological protection and prioritizing social and livelihood development, and designed an overall spatial optimization plan; Propose spatial collaborative governance strategies based on the theory of public space governance. Research shows that this framework has good applicability for the research area and is more direct for guiding subsequent spatial planning and policy practice. The potential conflict between production space and ecological space in Huachi County is the most common, the potential conflict intensity between living space and production space is the largest, and the potential conflict risk between living space and ecological space is rising. To coordinate potential conflicts in space, it is necessary to establish a vertical allocation type of spatial function coordination chain of “goal + collaboration + adjustment”, as well as a horizontal negotiation type of spatial configuration coordination chain of “allocation + cooperation + balance”, forming a “double vertical and double horizontal” spatial coordination framework.

Collaboration, Organizational Capacity, and Sustainability: The Cross-Sector Governance of Smart Cities

Interactions with other organizations likely influence how local governments confront complex problems. Drawing on theories of collaborative governance, we investigate the extent to which collaboration affects U.S. local governments’ prioritization of the sustainability benefits of Smart Cities Technologies (SCT). Using data from the International City/County Management Association (ICMA) 2016 Smart Cities Survey and the U.S. Census Bureau, we find that collaboration with local, regional, and private sector partners influences the extent to which local governments prioritize the sustainability benefits of SCT. Organizational capacity is also an important predictor of perceived benefits of SCT. Our findings suggest a hidden side of boundary spanning, suggesting that collaboration can enhance opportunities for sustainability technologies.

Legal Certainty of the Meaning of the Parties' Agreement on the Authorized Capital of a Limited Liability Company

The impact of changing the amount of PT capital to an agreement between the parties has led to a lack of legal certainty for the involved parties. A significant legal conflict exists between Article 32 paragraph (1) of Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies and Article 109 paragraph (1) of Law Number 6 of 2023 concerning the Stipulation of Government Regulations in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022 concerning Job Creation. The changes allow the amount of PT capital to be determined based on the agreement of the company's founders, leading to ambiguity in legal certainty. This research aims to examine and analyze the legal consequences of these regulations on the basic capital requirements for Limited Liability Companies in Indonesia, and to assess the legal certainty surrounding the agreement between parties regarding PT capital. The research employs a normative juridical method, utilizing statutory, comparative, and conceptual approaches. The analysis is grounded in the Theory of Legal Certainty (Grand Theory), Development Law Theory (Middle Range Theory), and the Theory of Good Corporate Governance (Applied Theory). The research found that changes in the regulation of basic capital, following the enactment of Law No. 6 of 2023, have contributed to legal uncertainty. This study aims to provide legal clarity on the consequences of these regulatory changes and their impact on corporate governance and legal compliance in Indonesia.

Structural elements and performance of entrepreneurial management systems at large corporations

The Russian economy is currently lagging behind developed nations in terms of innovation, which necessitates adopting relevant approaches to managing socio-economic systems to keep them competitive and ensure their sustainable develop ment. Large corporations have significant resource potential and social power, which makes it relevant to improve management of their entrepreneurial activity that stimulates innovation development. The paper aims to judge the quality of entrepreneurial management systems at large corporations and evaluate their innovation performance. Corporate governance theory and man agement theory constitute the methodological framework of the study. The research methods used are qualitative, regression and comparative analysis. The empirical data are obtained from 160 corporations included in 2023 RAEX-600 Ranking and rep resenting 21 industrial sectors, as well as data from the RF Federal State Statistics Service and the All-Russia data system on com panies and business “For Honest Business” for the period of 2010–2022. The study identifies 19 elements of the entrepreneurial management system at large corporations, e.g., the presence of an R&D center, startup support, commitment to open innovation, a corporate venture fund, etc., and assesses how intensively they are used across industries. As for the innovation performance of the system under review, no statistical relationship was observed between performance indicators of many corporations and the volume of shipped innovative products. Thus, the research reveals that entrepreneurial management systems at a large number of corporations lack innovation performance, which requires further research into their quality.

Governing the Shadows: Territorial Control and State Making in Civil War

Under what conditions do rebels succeed in establishing functional institutions in state-dominated areas? Canonical theories of rebel governance and state formation insist that territorial control is a necessary precondition for the development of governing institutions. Yet despite growing recognition that this claim is empirically incorrect and theoretically limiting, we lack knowledge about the conditions under which rebels succeed in governing civilians in areas where the state dominates. We argue that low state governance responsiveness towards rebel constituencies enables insurgents to overcome the challenges associated with establishing institutions in state-dominated areas. Low state responsiveness increases popular demand for insurgent institutions, decreases the costs associated with governing, and enables insurgents to collude with civilians to hide their institutions. Case studies from Ireland, South Africa, and Algeria illustrate our propositions. Our findings deepen knowledge on how rebels govern and expand their territorial reach, and shed light on alternative trajectories of state formation.

Evolution and Elements of Collaborative Governance Theory

With the advancement of globalization and the formation and development of a network society, there have been governance issues that cross departments, organizations, regions, and national borders, including environmental protection, immigration, international trade disputes, and digital government construction. Such a “thorny” problem is difficult to solve by a single organization, so cross-border collaborative governance has become increasingly important. In such an interdependent world, collaborative governance has begun to be widely concerned by academic circles. The attention to the theory of collaborative governance reached its first peak at the third Minobrook Conference and has gradually become a hot topic in the field of public administration in the last ten years. This paper focuses on the historical background of the evolution and development of collaborative governance theory, sorts out the definitions of collaborative governance by scholars at home and abroad, and introduces the main components of collaborative governance in the initial stage, process stage, and result stage. These achievements have certain reference significance for understanding collaborative governance.

Book Review of Michael Zürn, A Theory of Global Governance: Authority, Legitimacy, and Contestation

Book Review of Michael Zürn, <i>A Theory of Global Governance: Authority, Legitimacy, and Contestation</i>

A Study of the Mechanisms of Government Embedment and Organizational Environment Related to Supervisory Effectiveness in the Collective Governance of Rural Residential Land

Rural Residential Land is a kind of public pond resource, and the implementation of the collective governance of Rural Residential Land is a response to the dilemma of utilizing the land. This paper takes the attribute of using Rural Residential Land as a public pond resource as an entry point, draws on Autonomous Governance Theory, and utilizes the OLS model and the mediated effect model to explore the influence of Government Embedment on supervisory effectiveness in the collective governance of Rural Residential Land, based on the fieldwork data of 450 farming households in three districts (cities and counties) in Sichuan Province. This study shows that Government Embedment, the Technological Environment and the Cultural Environment can significantly enhance supervisory effectiveness in the collective governance of Rural Residential Land, while the Resource Environment has a negative effect on it. The Resource Environment has a masking effect on the influence of Government Embedment on supervisory effectiveness in the collective governance of Rural Residential Land, while the Technological Environment and the Cultural Environment play a part in the mediating effect. The anonymous whistleblowing mechanism positively moderates the influence of the Technological and Cultural Environments on supervisory effectiveness. Additionally, there is obvious locational heterogeneity in the influence of Government Embedment and the Organizational Environment on supervisory effectiveness. Therefore, a coordinated supervision and sanctioning mechanism should be constructed in towns and villages to promote the integration and complementarity of formal and informal systems; a sound mechanism for anonymous reporting of illegal and irregular use of Rural Residential Land should be established; and the effective implementation of the collective governance of Rural Residential Land should be promoted in accordance with the differences in the location of the villages.

Universal limit on spatial quantum superpositions with massive objects due to phonons

It has been a long-standing goal to bring massive objects into a superposition of different locations in real space, not only to confirm quantum theory in new regimes, but also to explore the interface with gravity. The main challenge is usually thought to arise from forces or scattering due to environmental fields and particles that decohere the large object's wave function into a statistical mixture. We unveil a decoherence channel which cannot be eliminated by improved isolation from the environment. It originates from sound waves within the object, which are excited as part of any splitting process and carry partial information. This puts stringent constraints on future spatial superpositions of large objects. Published by the American Physical Society 2024