Function Theory Research Articles

Topological Beth Model and its Application to Functionals of High Types

Based on the definition of Beth-Kripke model by Dragalin, we describe Beth model from the topological point of view. We show the relation of the topological definition with more traditional relational definition of Beth model that is based on forcing. We apply the topological definition to construct a Beth model for a theory of intuitionistic functionals of high types and to prove its consistency

Accurate Analysis of Harmonic Transmission of Line Commutated Converter Considering Firing Angle Fluctuation

Line commutated converter (LCC) has been widely applied in hybrid high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system, where the modular multilevel converter (MMC) is applied as receiving end and may induce low order harmonics in DC-link voltage. These low order harmonics will introduce the low frequency fluctuation into the control loop of LCC and complex the harmonics analysis. The traditional method to calculate LCC harmonics is derived by the switching function and modulation theory, which only obtains characteristic harmonics. The low-frequency fluctuation superimposed on the firing angle in the control system is ignored in the traditional method. In this paper, the interharmonics, which is introduced by firing angle fluctuation, is revealed by the double Fourier method. A fitting function method is applied for depicting the varied commutation overlap caused by firing angle fluctuation. Compared to the traditional method, the proposed method can effectively analyze both characteristic harmonics and interharmonics in the condition of low-frequency fluctuation of the firing angle. The accuracy and effectiveness of the theoretical analysis are verified with a three-phase LCC rectifier built in PSCAD/EMTDC and experimental test.

Construções adverbiais com -mente no livro didático de português: uma análise funcional

This research investigates how adverbial constructions are approached in Portuguese textbooks and also establishes dialogues between traditional x functional positions about teaching and linguistic analysis. Based on the observation that adverbial processes are clearly quite complex and, even so, more recurrent in the language than traditional grammar points out, we adopted Neves' (2013) position as an index to support theoretical approaches. Based on this relationship between language, society and uses, we have the postulates of the functionalist theory (GIVÓN, 2001, HOPPER; TRAUGOTT, 2005), which see language as an instrument of communication. For the development of this work, regarding the methodological procedures, we adopted the exploratory-explanatory research in search of reflections that will result in clarifications in the light of Linguistic Functionalism and Linguistic Analysis, as well as parameterizing official documents. Our considerations started from expositions on how theories and approaches deal with the theme, which dialogues were (not) established, if the conception of grammaticalization is reflected in conceptual constructions and what are the implications for the Teaching of Portuguese Language.

GENDER DIVIDE IN EDUCATION IN INDIA: A CRITICAL STUDY BASED ON FUNCTIONALIST THEORY OF EDUCATION

Education of girls is a key factor in the development of the society and country. According to Right to Education (2009), every child between the ages of 6 and 14 has a right to get free and compulsory. However, when it comes to accessing basic education for girls it is far to reach. The Government has made efforts to improve girls’ education status by introducing different programs and schemes. The situation has nevertheless not improved. The education of girls faced many issues which need to be addressed at the ground level. There is a need to increase awareness of the importance of girl’s education among the members of society. The paper attempts to analyses the gender divide in education and the importance of educating girls through the functionalist theory of education. This qualitative research has used secondary sources to collect and analyses the data. The findings of the study states that there is gender divide in education in India. Girls’ education is affected due to many reasons. There is need to increase awareness of importance of girl’s education among members of the society to achieve societal development. Durkheim has mentioned in his Functionalist Theory of Education, for the survival of society there should be homogeneity among the members of the society. This homogeneity is achieved with the help of education. Neglecting Girl’s education affects this homogeneity.

PENCIPTAAN LAYANAN PRIMA MELALUI PENERAPAN SISTEM INFORMASI MANAJEMEN DI PERPUSTAKAAN IAIN PURWOKERTO

This study aimed to find out how the Creation of Excellent Services through the application of Management Information Systems at the IAIN Purwokerto Library. This study has a qualitative approach with the conclusion that the Creation of Excellent Services through Management Information Systems in the Purwokerto IAIN Library cannot be separated from the theory of management functions, namely planning, organizing, implementing, and monitoring. The management functions that are applied in the Creation of Excellent Services through the implementation of Management Information Systems are as follows (1) Planning, procurement of Management Information System devices, even though they already exist but continue to be developed in supporting excellent services. (2) Organizing, through the implementation of a Management Information System that runs well because of the support of qualified human resources in each field, so that the use of tools or software can be in accordance with its function. (3) Implementation, excellent services run in accordance with operational standards, especially the use of Management Information Systems support the improvement of Prime Services in the Library. (4) Supervision, carried out by the head of the library by reviewing the performance of excellent service both direct supervision and indirect supervision.

OPPORTUNITIES TO MINIMIZE HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE COSTS FOR IMPLEMENTING BOOLEAN FUNCTIONS IN STREAM CIPHERS

Currently, nonlinear Boolean functions are actively investigated worldwide. However, many questions remain unanswered. The theory of nonlinear Boolean functions that are suitable for use in cryptographically strong algorithms is significantly incomplete. Despite the existence of numerous publications on these themes, many issues related to the interconnection of design characteristics affecting the generator’s performance and its cryptographic characteristics still remain unsolved. The possibility of generating a special type of sequence, called de Bruijn sequence, at minimal hardware and software costs to implement nonlinear Boolean functions in stream encryption systems, is the main subject of this work. The paper presents the possible structure boundaries (algebraic degree of a Boolean function, the number of monomials in a function) of iterative de Bruijn sequence bitrate generators for various generated sequence characteristics, such as linear complexity and autocorrelation function. The profile of the linear complexity of the studied sequences is close to the expected value of the linear complexity, as well as for a truly random sequence.

Formation of the life competence as the basis for personalized development of a primary school child

The article presents the research theoretical analysis of personality’s competence, it reveals its components and characteristics; the competence is considered from the point of view of cultural-historical theory of higher psychic functions made by L. Vyhotskyi, according to which the intellectual development of personality is implemented through acquisition by meanings of words and visual symbols, as well as it demonstrates the procedural-active approach (S. Rubinshtein, A. Brushlynskyi, L. Venher), in which the key concept is «thinking and ability», and it is determined that the essence of intellectual education should consist in formation of personality’s ability to understand and generate the new thoughts. Competence is defined by scientists as the ability to make decisions and bear responsibility for their implementation in various fields of human activity. The concept of competence implies combination of physical and intellectual qualities of a person and the properties necessary for independent and effective way out from different life situations. Competence implies the appropriate level of personal mechanisms development, such as repetition, identification, imitation, empathy, reflection, image of «I», conscience, corresponding to age opportunities and individual life stories of a child. 
 In psychological and pedagogical literature, different aspects of competence are considered: competence in communication, cognitive competence, social and psychological competence, life competence, etc. Communicative competence is considered as a system of internal resources necessary for building the effective communication in a certain range of situations during the interpersonal interaction. Cognitive competence makes it possible to determine what is true and what is false. Competence in the emotional-volitional sphere implies the preschooler’s morality formation. As the indicators of vital competence the scientists determine the activity of a child in gaming, subject-practical activities, communication and basic qualities formation in personality.

Теорії функціонування еліпсису в мовленнєвому потоці: перекладацький аспект

Теорії функціонування еліпсису в мовленнєвому потоці: перекладацький аспект

Predictive models for identification of Milky Way Galaxy digital images

In this paper, the theoretical and practical assumptions for identifying digital images in the Milky Way map through the application of image transformation, simulation of the parameter z in the Doppler formula and the theory of covariance functions are discussed. The value of the parameter z in the Doppler formula shows an approximate speed of reciprocal movement of two digital images (objects) in respect of the light speed in vacuum. To calculate the values of the parameter z, vectors transformed by the intensity of pixels of Milky Way digital images and the visible solar spectrum digital images were used. The values of the parameter z made it possible to calculate the speed of reciprocal movement of the Milky Way digital images and the speed of movement of the images in respect of the solar system. To calculate the values of estimates of covariance functions, the algebraic additions of transformed vectors and single vectors were applied. The average value of the parameter z in the Doppler formula is calculated according to the formula developed using the expressions of covariance functions of the algebraic additions of transformed relevant vectors and a single vector. The calculated data were obtained by software developed on the basis of MATLAB programme package operators.

The General Functionalist Concept of Artificial Need as the Basis of Artificial General Intelligence

The article proposes to use a generally functionalist approach to create the basis of the conceptual model of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). AGI is a field of scientific-theoretical and engineering-technological research, focused on the construction and use of computer simulations, models and reproductions of cognitive phenomena of the widest range of life, mental, personal and social manifestations. The methodological basis of AGI is general computer functionalism as a contemporary interpretation of the psychophysiological theory of machine functionalism of H. Putnam of the 1960s. There are collective, conceptual and observant approaches to the formation of general functionalism. A collective approach is the collection, identification, coordination, formalization, systematization, unification, codification of all kinds of functionalist theories. A conceptual approach is the analysis and identification of the main functionalistic characteristics, relationships, patterns, causalities that are invariant with respect to the content of cognitive phenomena. The observation approach allows to evaluate from the position of a person or a social community, immersed in the communicative “waves” of the virtual and real world, the different statuses of technological realizations of general functionalism: ontological, epistemological, logical, linguistic, axiological, aesthetic, ethical and praxeological features of projects of artificial life, artificial consciousness (brain), artificial personality, artificial society. As a basic personal phenomenon, which is defined by a system of functional relations, we take not the pain phenomenon familiar to functionalism but the more productive phenomenon of need. It has an advantage due to the breadth of the scale of phenomenological evidence, epistemological adequacy, ontological foundation. Based on functionalist modeling of need, the so-called “artificial need” arises, which can form the basis for the development of AGI. The author of the article offers one of the options for formalizing needs within the framework of an artificial system based on the general functionalist principle of formalizing cognitive phenomena. The principles of formalization proposed by D. Levin and T.W. Polger, who developed the approach of H. Putnam, are used. The author concludes that the application of this methodology leads us to understanding of an observer in the system of functional relations and considers the AGI as a complexity system.

Teorias sobre o lembrar: causalismo, simulacionismo e funcionalismo

O que é o lembrar? Quando podemos dizer que um sujeito lembra um evento do passado? Essas são duas questões centrais na filosofia da memória, uma área que vem experimentando uma rápida expansão nos últimos anos. Por quase meio século, a teoria causal da memória, inicialmente proposta por Martin e Deutscher (1966), dominou o debate sobre como devemos responder às duas questões iniciais. Mais recentemente, no entanto, a teoria causal se tornou alvo de duras críticas, o que motivou os filósofos da memória a desenvolverem duas novas teorias sobre o lembrar: a teoria simulacionista e a teoria funcionalista. Neste artigo, exploramos essas teorias em mais detalhes com o objetivo de tornar mais claro quais são seus comprometimentos, assim como suas vantagens e desvantagens.

Совершенствование технологии переработки молочного сырья с использованием мембранных аппаратов нового типа

Introduction. Rational use of dairy raw materials is important for the national economy. The research objective was to improve the existing technologies of milk raw material processing using new type membrane equipment with polarization layer diversion. The process was mathematically simulated according to the theory of automatic control and transfer functions.
 Study objects and methods. The study featured a new installation constructed on the basis of a membrane device with membrane layer diversion. The new equipment can serve as a basis for a novel low-waste and non-waste technology. Unlike traditional membrane apparatus, this one has three flows: a more concentrated polarization layer (concentrate), a core layer of retentat, and a layer of permeat. The mathematical model of the process can describe the behavior of any dynamic system of almost any structure and complexity.
 Results and its discussion. The simulation showed that recycling of the diverted concentrate can intensify the concentration. To increase the intensity of membrane concentration in such installations, partial recirculation of the concentrate flow can be recommended, with its subsequent transfer to the main flow. Partial recycling of the retentate flow did not prove effective, as it did no increase the concentration of the final product. However, it can be used for a more complete extraction of the target component. This aspect requires further research.
 Conclusions. The paper introduces a new technology that improves the concentration of milk raw materials and possesses practical importance.

Distinctions between experiences of anger and sadness in children's and adolescents' narrative accounts of peer injury

AbstractChildren's varied emotions following peer injury may reflect distinct ways of understanding and coping with such events. This study examined how children's references to anger and sadness in their accounts of peer injury were differentially related to narrative descriptions of their motivations, interpretations, evaluations, and behavioral responses, as well as the relationships in which harm occurred. We also explored how these associations between emotions and other narrative elements varied with age. The study was based on a corpus of 275 transcripts of oral narratives recounted by equal numbers of boys and girls across three age groups: 7, 11, and 16 years. In line with functionalist theories, anger was uniquely linked to maximizing attributions, indignation, and aggression, after accounting for age and gender. Sadness was related to harm in close relationships and relational goals, underlining the value placed on relationships with the offender, as well as a sense of powerlessness and confusion. Some associations between emotions and other narrative elements varied with age, suggesting that children's experiences of anger and sadness became increasingly agentic and relationally oriented. Findings suggest how narrative constructions of meaning about peer injury may serve as contexts for reflecting on how anger and sadness emerge from and are resolved through interpersonal relationships.

COMPLEXING IMAGES IN A TWO-CHANNEL OPTICAL-ELECTRONIC SYSTEM AS A METHOD OF REDUCING THE PROBABILITY OF DISAPPOINTING AN AUTOMATIC SURVEILLANCE OF LOW CONTRAST OBJECTS

The paper discusses the work of the correlation algorithm for automatically tracking objects of interest in a two-channel optical-electronic system in a complex background-target environment and the presence of intentional interference. Conditions in which the contrast of the desired object in both channels is negligible but not equal to zero are considered difficult in the paper. Intentional interference refers to masking interference of natural and artificial origin, which helps to reduce the contrast of the object in both channels. By two-channel means an optical-electronic system, which includes channels of the visible and infrared ranges. It is believed that the multi-spectral images of both channels are reduced to a single time and scale, which allows them to be integrated using various methods. The purpose of this paper is to prove that the likelihood of disruption of automatic tracking is reduced when complexing the source images of the visible and infrared ranges, when the contrast of the desired object in both channels is negligible. For research the mathematical apparatus of the theory of random functions and simulation with subsequent statistical data processing are used. It is shown that the probability of disruption, characterized by the ratio of the correlation coefficients of two fragments of images, one of which contains the desired object, and the second not, depends on both the correlation coefficients and the values of their mean square deviations. The simulation shows that the breakdown of tracking occurs both when the mean square deviations of these correlation coefficients are equal, and at their different values, moreover, an increase in their difference increases the probability of a breakdown. The article shows that the likelihood of a breakdown in a two-channel optoelectronic system will decrease when using two channels, compared to working only in the visible or infrared channel. The obtained results substantiate the promise of using image complexing in multichannel systems of automatic tracking of objects in a complex background-target environment and the presence of deliberate interference.

Volunteer Motivations, Satisfaction, and Future Intent: A Comparative Analysis Between Student-Athletes and Service-Learning Students

Developing socially responsible and civically engaged citizens has been a priority of higher education in the United States since its conception. As an extension of higher education, intercollegiate athletics has been tasked with the same objective. One method to accomplish this objective is student-athletes’ engagement in community service. With the growing amount of attention placed on community service, it is becoming increasingly important to understand student-athletes’ volunteer experiences, in order to help administrators better coordinate impactful service opportunities for student-athletes. Using functionalist theory as a framework, the purpose of this study was to assess student-athletes’ motivations to volunteer, satisfaction with their experiences, and future intent to volunteer. Further, the current study also compared student-athletes’ volunteer experiences with those of university service-learning students. The results highlight the factors that student-athletes deem as most important for their decision to volunteer and provide insight into the extent to which student-athletes are satisfied with their current volunteer experiences and future intent to volunteer. Practical implications for university athletic administrators are discussed.

Distributed Nash Equilibrium Seeking for Quadratic Games with Security

Considering a game with quadratic cost functions, this paper presents a distributed algorithm with security, whereby each player updates its strategy variable without using its private data and still achieves the Nash equilibrium. By using the theory of differential inclusions, Lyapunov function and invariance principle, the algorithm is proved to be convergent. Our algorithm can be used when it is required to seek the Nash equilibrium without disclosure of private data.

Managing Information Constraints Over Networks Through the Lens of Configuration Functions

This work deals with networks of agents that exchange information under communication constraints. As a first contribution, the theory of configuration functions is exploited to obtain a general abstract formulation of the network information as a function of the network constraints. As a second contribution, two classic network paradigms are examined: $i)$ a decentralized architecture with remote fusion center; and $ii)$ a fully-flat decentralized architecture with local data exchange between neighboring agents. It is shown how these paradigms match well with the general formulation in terms of configuration functions. Finally, the statistical concentration properties of configuration functions are exploited to characterize the information growth rate under both the aforementioned network paradigms, revealing the thermodynamic deterministic behavior that emerges with high probability as the network size scales to infinity.

History Analysis, Form of Presentation, and Function Tortor Naposo Nauli Bulung on Batak Mandailing Communities

Tortor Naposo Nauli Bulung is one of North Sumatra's local dance content, originating from the Mandailing Batak. As a traditional dance, this tortor has binding rules, sourced from the Dalihan Na Tolu kinship system, which illustrates the roles in it such as kahanggi, Mora, and boru children, so that the various movements contain traditional rules and norms that apply and must be obeyed when adhered to to dance it. This article discusses the history, form of presentation, and function of tortors. Theories used to explore history are the progressive-linear theory according to Ibn Khaldun, Djelantik's opinion for the form of presentation, and the theory of function according to Shay. The research method is descriptive qualitative. The results of the study conveyed Tortor Naposo Nauli Bulung became a medium for socializing. This tortor was performed by young people with six or three pairs of dancers. The floor pattern used was only two shapes, namely the horizontal line pattern and the triangle shape. The group of dancers in the front are called 'na gakspi' or 'na isembar', while the group in the back is called 'pangayapi' or 'panyembar'. The basic motions of the Naposo Nauli Bulung tortor are: a) Manyomba tu Raja, b) Markusor (spinning), and c) Singgang (squatting). Naposo Nauli Bulung Tortor contains four functions, namely: as a reflection and legitimacy of the social order, as a vehicle for secular rite expression, dance as social entertainment or recreational activities, and dance as a reflection of aesthetic values.

The contributions of spatial context and imagery to the recollection of single words.

A number of theories of hippocampal function have placed spatial context at the center of richly recollected memories, but the subjective and objective ways that spatial context underlies the recollection of single words has been largely overlooked and underexplained. In this study, we conducted three experiments to investigate the involvement of spatial context in the recollection of single words. In all three experiments, participants encoded single words with varying features such as location and color. The subjective experience of recollection was measured using remember/know judgments and participant self-report of the types of information they recollected about the words. Objectively, recollection was measured using source memory judgments for both spatial and non-spatial features associated with the words. Our results provide evidence that spatial context frequently accompanies the recollection of single, isolated words, reviving discussions on the role of the hippocampus in spatial and detailed recollection.

Дифференцирование функций кватернионной переменной

В данной работе рассматривается определение дифференцируемости и регулярностипо Фютеру [1–2] и примеры регулярных по Фютеру функций, приводится и определениеС-регулярности и С-производной или производной Куллена [3], на основе которой строитсяновая теория регулярных функций в [4], которая уже включает полиномы и сходящиеся ря-ды гиперкомплексной переменной как дифференцируемые функции. Затем предлагаетсяновое определение дифференцируемости, имеющее классический вид, но со специфиче-ской сходимостью, которое позволяет доказать теоремы о дифференцируемости суммы ипроизведения дифференцируемых функций, о дифференцируемости “частного” дифферен-цируемых функций. Далее выводится производная степени и доказывается дифференци-руемость полиномов и степенных рядов, что позволяет строить обобщения элементарныхфункций для кватернионных аргументов. Приводится пример, показывающий, что без спе-цифической сходимости приведенное определение дифференцируемости теряет смысл. Спомощью степенных рядов задаются функции, которые являются решениями дифферен-циальных уравнений с постоянными кватернионными коэффициентами. Рассматриваетсязадача отыскания корней квадратного уравнения с кватернионными коэффициентами, ко-торая возникает при решении дифференциальных уравнений