Flow Theory Research Articles

Advancing Muslim Modest Fashion Clothing

The rise of digital marketing involves leveraging fashion influencers, like bloggers and celebrities, to expand brand reach and drive sales, more notably in the post-pandemic era. In the realm of modest fashion, young female Muslim influencers have played a significant role, tapping into a vast market and positively impacting the global economy. Therefore, this study attempts to explore the impact of these influencers on female modest fashion consumers' decisions associated with their visible Muslim identity and to understand the fashion-faith landscape through the challenges for the influencers. Driven by the theory of two-step communication flow among fashion opinion leaders and fashion consumers, this study adopted a qualitative approach and a research design underlying hermeneutic phenomenology by using semi-structured interviews with modest fashion consumers and secondary source information about influencers. The findings offer valuable insights for consumers, industry stakeholders, and policymakers to support the modest fashion trend and promote a dignified Muslim identity.

Laboratory Abnormal Behavior Detection Based on Multimodal Information Fusion

The traditional laboratory anomaly detection methods mainly focus on the hidden dangers caused by chemical leaks and other items, ignoring the impact of abnormal behaviors such as incorrect operations and improper behavior on safety in the laboratory. This paper proposes a laboratory abnormal behavior detection method based on multimodal information fusion. The method generates a dense optical flow field of RGB image sequences based on optical flow theory and global smoothing constraints, and mines motion mode information. Meanwhile, the contour modal information of behavior is captured through convolution and adjacency matrix operations. Using decision level and proximity functions to integrate student behavior motion mode information and contour mode information, and using the maximum value as the behavior detection result. The experimental results show that the method can effectively detect abnormal behavior in the laboratory environment, with small detection errors and a specificity close to 1.00, effectively ensuring the safety of the laboratory environment.

Short‐term electric power and energy balance optimization scheduling based on low‐carbon bilateral demand response mechanism from multiple perspectives

AbstractCarbon emissions limit the output of traditional fuel‐fired generating units, significantly affecting the new power system scheduling mechanism. This paper proposes a short‐term electric power and energy balance optimization scheduling method with low‐carbon bilateral demand response (LCBDR). The LCBDR mechanism framework is constructed by combining the analysis of short‐term electric power and energy balance of the system under a dual perspective, along with the electric‐carbon coupling mechanism of the dynamic scheduling on the source‐load side. Based on the carbon emission flow (CEF) theory, the carbon emission index information of load‐side users is obtained. An optimal scheduling model of LCBDR is established. The enhanced decision tree classifier (EDTC) algorithm is used to predict the electricity consumption behavior of transferable load (TL) users, and an improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm with “ε‐greedy” strategy is proposed to solve this model. Comprehensive case studies from three different perspectives verify that this method can effectively realize the low‐carbon economic operation of the system, with the peak net load reduced by 24.02% and valley net load increased by 20.43%. Compared with a single perspective, the total operational costs can be reduced by 5.27%, and the carbon emissions of users can be reduced by 5.70%.

A novel approach for using submerged structure as wave-trapping zone

Entrapment of waves is a hydrodynamic phenomenon that occurs under certain incident wave circumstances. The present article, based on potential flow theory, deals with the phenomena of waves interacting with a proposed submerged structure. Focus of this study is on the frequencies for which the wave trapping occurs in the region of the proposed structure. The frequencies presented correspond to significantly higher values of velocity potential in the region. We refer this region as a wave-trapping zone. In scattering problem the reflection coefficient is also investigated with respect to submergence depth, water depth, length and rigidity of the structure and other physical parameters. The optimum values of the structural parameters are also proposed for zero transmission and trapping frequencies. The investigation establishes that for a suitable configuration we can achieve a range of frequencies for which such a geometry can be used as breakwater with total reflection and at certain frequencies also for trapping of waves.

Adoption of smart watches as wearable technology in TESOL education among university students

This research explores the key motivating factors that influence student engagement with wearable technology (WT) in teaching English to speakers of other languages (TESOL) education. The study employs a novel, integrated framework that merges elements from the established technology acceptance model (TAM), Flow Theory, and additional factors pivotal to WT's efficacy, namely content richness and personal innovativeness. TAM and Flow Theory are utilized to identify the variables that drive WT adoption. Data for the research was gathered through an online survey comprising 23 questions, distributed among students in the KSA, with a total of 468 participants. Analysis of the data was conducted using Smart PLS Software to evaluate the research model, constructs, and hypotheses. The findings reveal varying contributions of the model's main constructs to WT acceptance. Specifically, content richness and innovativeness significantly enhance the perceived usefulness of WT. Additionally, perceived ease of use is a strong predictor of perceived usefulness and behavioral intention. The results underscore a growing demand for WT in TESOL Education, highlighting its role in streamlining information exchange among students. The study underscores the significance of certain external factors in technology acceptance, offering a fresh perspective by incorporating a framework that links TAM's perceived usefulness and ease of use with user satisfaction, content richness, and innovativeness. Moreover, the inclusion of Flow Theory adds a unique dimension by assessing engagement and control over WT. The research contributes to understanding the underlying motivations for employing WT in TESOL Education, primarily aimed at enhancing the effectiveness of both instructors and students. A limitation of this study is its focused application of TAM and Flow Theory within a specific educational context, which may not fully capture the complex societal, psychological, and gender-specific factors influencing WT adoption across diverse settings.

On the Internationalization of English Teaching System in the Planning of Sustainable Development of Future Renewable Energy

Energy is an essential element of human production and business activities. At present, China's energy development and utilization is facing the contradiction between increasing environmental pressure and high emission energy consumption structure. Based on the optimal power flow algorithm, this paper optimizes the scheduling and international teaching of the power system with a high proportion of renewable energy. The probability density function of fan output and photovoltaic output is obtained by wind speed and light intensity model, and the probability density function of load is also proposed. Then, interruptible load, microgrid and energy storage are used as flexible resources to improve the system’s flexibility to meet the random fluctuations caused by a high proportion of wind and light, so as to maintain the stable operation of the power grid. The mathematical model of process optimization power flow satisfying process constraints is a nonlinear time-varying system. The key to process optimization power flow algorithm is to find a simple and effective linearization and discretization method that is in line with the actual power network. On the basis of ensuring the accuracy of the model, the theory, model and algorithm of the process optimization power flow are studied on the basis of the proposed linear time period, the approximate linear time variability of the node voltage, and the goal of greatly simplifying the problem. Finally, through simulation analysis, comparing the results of model 1 and model 2, we can see that from the point of view of the power abandonment cost, the power abandonment cost of model 1 is 2.29 million yuan, which is less than the 8 million yuan of model 2. From the perspective of depth peaking and start-stop times, the total depth peaking of model 1 is 331 times, which is greater than that of model 2, 258 times. The total start-stop of model 1 is 15 times, which is more than 9 times of model 2, so the total cost of optimized electricity of wind and light in model 2 is less than that in model 1. According to the optimal scheduling model of wind and light renewable energy, the effective utilization rate of renewable energy in China is low, and the teaching system should pay attention to this problem. Therefore, this paper puts forward an international English teaching strategy for the utilization rate of renewable energy.

Motivational strategies in second language learning: the role of self determination and flow theories in gamification

Motivational strategies in second language learning: the role of self determination and flow theories in gamification

A theory of net capital flows over the global financial cycle

We develop a theory to account for the relationship between global asset price changes and net capital flows. We show empirically that countries that have a net debt of safe assets experience a rise in net outflows of safe assets (i.e. pay off safe asset debt) when global asset prices fall. This is accomplished through a rise in total net outflows (an increase in net savings) and a drop in net outflows of risky assets (the net sale of foreign risky assets). We develop a multi-country portfolio choice model that can account for these facts. The theory relies on cross-country heterogeneity in the share of an investor’s portfolio invested in risky assets. A global drop in risky asset prices changes relative wealth across countries due to this heterogeneity, which leads to changes in net flows of safe and risky assets. The model is applied to 20 advanced countries and calibrated to reflect observed cross country heterogeneity of net foreign asset positions of safe and risky assets. The implications of the calibrated model for net capital flows are quantitatively consistent with the data.

Direct air capture capacity configuration and cost allocation based on sharing mechanism

Direct air capture (DAC) offers a potential solution for capturing carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere, making it a promising technology in the field of negative carbon solutions. However, its current stage is characterized by high costs and a lack of maturity, placing it in the early phases of commercial application. To address these challenges, this paper introduces a novel cost-sharing mechanism specifically designed for DAC equipment within the context of carbon emission management in power systems. The aim is to facilitate both DAC capacity configuration and cost allocation. We begin by dissecting the operational principles of DAC and reviewing ongoing demonstration projects. We then pioneeringly devises a unified operational model (UOM) for DAC, which integrates electricity and carbon considerations seamlessly. Following this, we introduce an enhanced version of the carbon emission flow (CEF) theory, customized for DAC deployment. This sets the stage for the design of a DAC-specific carbon capture cost-sharing mechanism. Building on these foundations, we develop a meticulous DAC capacity planning model. This is accompanied by a cost allocation methodology based on the Shapley value framework. The ultimate goal is equitable cost allocation among stakeholders and optimized DAC capacity planning. Case studies validate the efficacy of both the proposed model and the cost allocation methodology. The insights from this study contribute to advancing theoretical frameworks for carbon capture technologies and have practical implications for engineering designs in real-world implementation.

Credible calculation method for regional corrected carbon emission factors taking into account the nearby consumption of renewable energy

Abstract The carbon emission factor of the power grid is a key data indicator for measuring the carbon emission level on the user side. Currently, the carbon emission factor of the power grid is not sufficient to accurately express the regional carbon emission level, and especially cannot accurately reflect the regional new energy consumption level, which affects user confidence in emission reduction and the accuracy of carbon emission quota issuance. Therefore, this article utilizes blockchain technology and carbon emission flow theory to realize the impact of user-side self-generated and self-used photovoltaics (PV) on carbon emission factors. We have constructed a residual power grid correction model, designed a blockchain intelligent terminal module and functional requirements, ensured the correctness of the model and results from the source, solved the problem of data tampering and insufficient data credibility generated by terminal devices at the source, and ultimately helped achieve the dual carbon goal.

Prediction of steady hydrodynamic performance of pump jet propulsion based on free wake vortex model

Due to mutual interference between various components, the transitional motion of fluid particles in the flow field of pump jet propulsion becomes more complex and variable. Additionally, the vortex structure at the wake can undergo severe contraction and deformation. To further improve the accuracy of predicting the hydrodynamic performance of pump jet propulsion, this paper proposes a time-varying, space-varying, and induced velocity-varying free wake numerical calculation model based on potential flow theory. A set of hydrodynamic performance prediction methods that consider the interference of the free wake model is also established. Furthermore, a velocity smoothing model based on time reversal is constructed based on the distribution pattern of numerical singularity points during the induced velocity calculation process, which enhances the robustness of the calculation program. By comparing and analyzing the numerical calculation results with experimental results, including pressure, circulation distribution, and hydrodynamic performance, the accuracy of the free wake model proposed in this paper is verified. The results also demonstrate that the free wake model proposed in this paper can effectively improve the prediction accuracy of the hydrodynamic performance of the pump jet propulsion.

Ease of Use or Fun Perception? Factors Affecting Retention of Newly Registered Mobile Game Players Based on Flow Theory and The Technology Acceptance Model

Ease of Use or Fun Perception? Factors Affecting Retention of Newly Registered Mobile Game Players Based on Flow Theory and The Technology Acceptance Model

Optimizing live streaming features to enhance customer immersion and engagement: A comparative study of live streaming genres in China

Based on the flow theory, this study examines how influencer characteristics and live streaming features (interactivity, utility, entertainment, and harmony) affect the viewer's flow experience (i.e., immersion) and engagement behavior (e.g., purchasing, gifting) across different live streaming genres (utilitarian vs. hedonic, high vs. low involvement; a 2 × 2 between-subjects design). As extensions of the literature, it focuses on live streaming features (rather than merely the influencer), the mediating effect of flow experience, and differences across live streaming genres. Analysis of data from 1233 Chinese live streaming users shows that interactivity, utility, and entertainment (but not harmony) stimulate the viewer's flow experience, which mediates their effects on monetary and non-monetary engagement behaviors. Contrary to intuition, since flow experiences require a balance of utility and entertainment, influencers need to emphasize utility in hedonic live streaming genres and entertainment in utilitarian genres. Utility is more important and interactivity is less important in high-involvement and hedonic genres. Regarding influencer characteristics, trustworthiness, expertise, and charisma positively influence the flow experience. As a contribution to the live streaming literature, this study explains how live streaming features can be optimized to improve customer engagement.

Effectiveness of Reuse, Reduce, and Recycle Program Socialization in the Campus Environment

This research has a background problem which is seen from the campus environment, which is a densely populated social environment and the crowded traders in the campus environment, which makes the campus environment always creates waste, while UIN Raden Fatah Palembang is committed to becoming a green campus that is environmentally friendly and waste-free. The EcoGreen Campus Team of UIN Raden Fatah Palembang makes the Reuse, Reduce, and Recycle program and conducts socialization in the campus environment. This is the background of this study where researchers want to know whether the socialization carried out by the EcoGreen Campus Team of UIN Raden Fatah Palembang is running effectively. The theories used in this thesis are Flow Theory and SWOT Theory. The qualitative research method uses Miles and Huberman's data analysis techniques. The data sources of this research amounted to 11 people. The author gets the data from interviews, observation, and documentation. This study's results describe three communication flows used in socializing the Reuse, Reduce, and Recycle program: One-Step Flow Communication, Two-Step Flow Communication, and Multi-Step Flow Communication. There are also obstacles in the faculty environment when conducting socialization. Socialization is adequate for several forms of socialization, such as direct and socialization, using various media. In contrast, socialization through the Faculty has not run well, so it can be considered ineffective.

NUMERICAL COMPUTATION OF ONE- AND TWO-LAYER SHALLOW FLOW MODEL

In this research, we study a proficient computational model designed to simulate shallow flows involving one- and two-layer shallow flow. This numerical model is built upon the Saint Venant equations, which are widely used in hydraulics to depict the behavior of shallow water flow. The numerical scheme used here is constructed based on the conventional leapfrog technique implemented on a staggered grid framework, referred to as MCS. The primary objective of this research is to re-examine and implement the MCS in accurately modelling the free surface and interface waves produced by different flows passing through irregular geometries. Unlike the conventional MCS, we modify the momentum conservation principle to be more general, accommodating a non-negative wet cross-sectional area due to irregular geometry. We successfully conduct numerous numerical simulations by examining various scenarios involving one-layer and two-layer flow through irregularly shaped channels or structures. Our results show that the correct surface wave profile generated by a one-dimensional dam break through the triangular obstacle in the open channel can be simulated very well. Comparison with the existing experimental data seems promising although some disparities are being found due to dispersive phenomena with RMSE less than 5%. Furthermore, our scheme is successfully extended to simulate the steady sub-maximal exchange in two-layer flows using specific boundary conditions. The alignment between the submaximal numerical results with exchange flow theory is noticeable in the interface profile, characteristics of flow conditions and the flux values achieved when the steady situation occurs. These satisfying results indicate that our proposed numerical model can be used for practical needs involving various flow situations both one and two-layer cases

POLITICAL CONNECTIONS, CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND INVESTMENT EFFICIENCY: EVIDENCE FROM MALAYSIAN FIRMS

This study investigates the moderating role of corporate governance in the relationship between political connections and investment efficiency. Using a sample of Malaysian publicly listed firms from 2001- 2017, we find that political connections are negatively correlated with firm investment efficiency. Moreover, the relationship is robust with the inclusion of corporate governance mechanisms, which moderated the potential consequences of agency problems in politically connected firms. The evidence suggests that corporate governance appears to be an effective mechanism to improve investment efficiency in politically connected firms. Consistent with the agency costs of free cash flow theory, we also discover that political connections have a more significant detrimental impact on overinvestment compared to their positive influence on underinvestment. Nevertheless, the interaction results in corporate governance hold regardless of overinvestment or underinvestment. Further analysis reveals that domestic institutional ownership, Big Four auditors, and audit committees are effective governance mechanisms, whereas similar observations do not hold for foreign institutional ownership, board size, board independence, and director ownership. Resultantly, high direct policy relevance is provided for governance practitioners and policymakers in monitoring the investment activities of PCFs.

Reducing discrepancies between actual and ideal affect across adulthood: the roles of activity flow conduciveness, pleasantness, and familiarity

ABSTRACT Previous findings demonstrate that people often do not feel how they want to feel, supporting the distinction between “actual affect” and “ideal affect.” But are there certain activities that reduce the discrepancy between actual and ideal affect? Based on flow theory and socioemotional selectivity theory, we examined whether the discrepancy between people’s actual and ideal positive affect would be smaller during activities that were more conducive to flow (a state of intense absorption and concentration), pleasant, and familiar. In Study 1, U.S. participants aged 17–79 (N = 393) reported their ideal affect and how they felt during activities with varying degrees of challenges and skills. For both low-arousal positive affect (LAP) and high-arousal positive affect (HAP), participants reported smaller actual-ideal affect discrepancies during flow-conducive activities (when skills matched challenges). Study 2 was a 14-day experience sampling study, in which Hong Kong participants aged 18–83 (N individual = 109) reported their momentary actual and ideal affect, and how pleasant and familiar their activities were (N experience = 3,815). Greater activity familiarity was associated with smaller discrepancies in actual-ideal LAP, while greater activity pleasantness was associated with smaller discrepancies in actual-ideal HAP. These findings provide insights on the activities that help people achieve their ideal affect more easily.

Dynamic Calculation Method for Zonal Carbon Emissions in Power Systems Based on the Theory of Production Simulation and Carbon Emission Flow Theory

Power systems are the main source of carbon emissions. Currently, coordinated operation strategies of the source–grid–load–storage model considering carbon emissions is primarily expanded from the generation side. For practical power systems, where multiple types of generating units coexist at a single node, it is difficult to develop unit combination strategies that simultaneously consider carbon emission factors and power flow constraints. Therefore, a new power flow calculation method based on connectivity matrix theory was proposed, aiming to address the issues of existing approaches that are too coarse and unable to accurately represent the operating states of multiple units under each node. Furthermore, a new method for dynamic calculation of regional carbon emission based on connectivity matrix and carbon emissions flow was introduced to improve the accuracy of carbon emission measurements. Firstly, a simulation model for a coordinated optimization operation based on the minimum system cost for the source–grid–load was established and an optimal flow calculation method using a connectivity matrix was introduced. Second, a dynamic carbon emission calculation method, considering electricity sources, was developed by combining the results of the optimal power flow calculation with carbon emission flow theory. Finally, the effectiveness of the approach in this article was verified by the IEEE 14-bus system example and a provincial power grid, ensuring strict adherence to the conservation principle of carbon emissions between the supply and demand sides and satisfying power flow constraints.

Syndrome differentiation treatment and nursing of hydrocele basing on the theory of the circular flow of Qi

Syndrome differentiation treatment and nursing of hydrocele basing on the theory of the circular flow of Qi

Analyzing the Diversion Effect of Debris Flow in Cross Channels Utilizing Two-Phase Flow Theory and the Principle of Energy Conservation

The movement process of debris flow in the complex roads system is important for risk evaluation and emergency rescue. This paper presents an in-depth study of the diversion effect of debris flow in cross channels, a common branching structure in both natural and engineered environments, especially in the field of urban debris flow prevention. A mathematical model is established based on the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy, and a solid–liquid two-phase motion equation for debris flow is derived from two-phase flow theory. A numerical solution method, combining the finite difference method and finite volume method, is employed to discretize and solve the equation. The model’s validity and effectiveness are confirmed through a numerical simulation of a typical engineering case and comparison with existing experimental data or theoretical results. This study reveals that debris flow at cross channels exhibits a diversion phenomenon, with some debris flow continuing downstream along the main channel and some diverting into the branch channel. The diversion rate, defined as the ratio of outlet flow to inlet flow of the branch channel, indicates the magnitude of this effect. This research shows that the solid–liquid ratio, inflow, width ratio, height ratio, and angle of the cross channel significantly impact the diversion effect. A series of numerical simulations are conducted by altering these parameters as well as the physical properties of debris flow and boundary conditions. These simulations analyze changes in flow rate, velocity, pressure, and other parameters of debris flow at cross channels, providing insights into the factors and mechanisms influencing the diversion effect. This research offers a robust instrument for comprehending and forecasting the dynamics of urban debris flows. It contributes significantly to mitigating the effects of debris flows on city infrastructure and enhancing the safety of city dwellers.