Finite State Machine Theory Research Articles

Application of Finite State Machine Theory to the Simulation of Reversed Non-Linear Hysteretic Relationships

This paper presents the application of finite state machine (FSM) theory to the programming of nonlinear hysteretic model simulation for both known and newly created rules. The complicated reversed internal paths involved in the nonlinear relationship which not only depend on material properties, but also on load history, often confuse rule creators and scholars. In this paper, we first describe the development of past hysteretic models. Then we introduce the FSM theory conceptually, and explain how it is applied to reversed and diverse routes. Next, state definitions and procedures are explained with a specific data example using the bilinear model. Finally, the successful application to UC-win/FRAME (3D) is described and several characteristics are summarized. By using FSM's states and the linkages to represent a hysteresis model, we can quickly realize the programming of the defined complex model rules, and the nonlinear modeling becomes more efficient and feasible.

Joint Pulse and Symbol Level Acquisition of UWB Receivers

Synchronization is a key issue for ultra-wideband (UWB) radios. Most UWB receivers require a sub-nanosecond level synchronization accuracy for pulse detection, usually leading to a very long acquisition time. In this paper, we propose a novel acquisition algorithm for UWB receivers, which jointly achieves pulse acquisition (PA) and symbol timing in a short time. Novel and practical error-resistant approaches are developed to keep the false alarm (FA) rate under a desired low level. Detailed analysis based on finite state machine and flow graph theory is carried out to evaluate its acquisition performance. Comparison with the PA-only case is made, illustrating the effectiveness of our joint approach. Simulations corroborate our theoretical results.

Design and Implementation of the Web Application Intrusion Prevention System

Web application portal with the single sign on (SSO) feature provides an integrated E-Business solution such that web application becomes an essential building block for business operations. Gartner Group report indicates that 75% of malicious attacks targeting the application layer and three out of four business Web sites are vulnerable to application-level attacks. Therefore, the traditional security devices (such as firewall and intrusion detection system) are not able to protect web-based applications any more. Implementing a solid web application security protection shield is top-of-mind of security researchers. Extending the finite state machine theory and coupling with stateful session inspection, we propose Web Intrusion Prevention System (WIPS) to solve web application security issues listed in the OWASP Top Ten project. WIPS works as the last defense line to separate web browsers and web servers by examining network traffic, maintaining every session's state information and allowing only specific web behaviors defined by web finite state machine to pass through. With embedded Snort capability, WIPS also provides negative security models to resist the lower layer attacks. A WIPS prototype has been implemented on Intel Network Processor (IXP425) running with MontaVista Linux. In our study, the functionality and performance has been assessed to show WIPS providing a key answer for advancing the state-of-the-art in web application security in a realistic environment.

Endocrine Control of Life-Cycle Stages: A Constraint on Response to the Environment?

Abstract Most organisms live in seasonal environments that fluctuate on a predictable schedule and sometimes unpredictably. Individuals must, therefore, adjust so as to maximize their survival and reproductive success over a wide range of environmental conditions. In birds, as in other vertebrates, endocrine secretions regulate morphological, physiological, and behavioral changes in anticipation of future events. The individual thus prepares for predictable fluctuations in its environment by changing life-cycle stages. We have applied finite-state machine theory to define and compare different life-history cycles. The ability of birds to respond to predictable and unpredictable regimes of environmental variation may be constrained by the adaptability of their endocrine control systems. We have applied several theoretical approaches to natural history data of birds to compare the complexity of life cycles, the degree of plasticity of timing of stages within the cycle, and to determine whether endocrine control mechanisms influence the way birds respond to their environments. The interactions of environmental cues on the timing of life-history stages are not uniform in all populations. Taking the reproductive life-history stage as an example, arctic birds that have short breeding seasons in severe environments appear to use one reliable environmental cue to time reproduction and they ignore other factors. Birds having longer breeding seasons exhibit greater plasticity of onset and termination and appear to integrate several environmental cues. Theoretical approaches may allow us to predict how individuals respond to their environment at the proximate level and, conversely, predict how constraints imposed by endocrine control systems may limit the complexity of life cycles.

Endocrine Control of Life-Cycle Stages: A Constraint on Response to the Environment?

Most organisms live in seasonal environments that fluctuate on a predictable schedule and sometimes unpredictably. Individuals must, therefore, adjust so as to maximize their survival and reproductive success over a wide range of environmental conditions. In birds, as in other vertebrates, endocrine secretions regulate morphological, physiological, and behavioral changes in anticipation of future events. The individual thus prepares for predictable fluctuations in its environment by changing life-cycle stages. We have applied finite-state machine theory to define and compare different life-history cycles. The ability of birds to respond to predictable and unpredictable regimes of environmental variation may be constrained by the adaptability of their endocrine control systems. We have applied several theoretical approaches to natural history data of birds to compare the complexity of life cycles, the degree of plasticity of timing of stages within the cycle, and to determine whether endocrine control mechanisms influence the way birds respond to their environments. The interactions of environmental cues on the timing of life-history stages are not uniform in all populations. Taking the reproductive life-history stage as an example, arctic birds that have short breeding seasons in severe environments appear to use one reliable environmental cue to time reproduction and they ignore other factors. Birds having longer breeding seasons exhibit greater plasticity of onset and termination and appear to integrate several environmental cues. Theoretical approaches may allow us to predict how individuals respond to their environment at the proximate level and, conversely, predict how constraints imposed by endocrine control systems may limit the complexity of life cycles.

ENDOCRINE CONTROL OF LIFE-CYCLE STAGES: A CONSTRAINT ON RESPONSE TO THE ENVIRONMENT?

Abstract Most organisms live in seasonal environments that fluctuate on a predictable schedule and sometimes unpredictably. Individuals must, therefore, adjust so as to maximize their survival and reproductive success over a wide range of environmental conditions. In birds, as in other vertebrates, endocrine secretions regulate morphological, physiological, and behavioral changes in anticipation of future events. The individual thus prepares for predictable fluctuations in its environment by changing life-cycle stages. We have applied finite-state machine theory to define and compare different life-history cycles. The ability of birds to respond to predictable and unpredictable regimes of environmental variation may be constrained by the adaptability of their endocrine control systems. We have applied several theoretical approaches to natural history data of birds to compare the complexity of life cycles, the degree of plasticity of timing of stages within the cycle, and to determine whether endocrine con...

Optimal Differential Routing based on Finite State Machine Theory

Noise margins in high speed digital systems continue to erode. Full differential signal routing provides a mechanism for deferring these effects. This paper proposes a three stage routing process for solving the adjacent placement routing problem of differential signal pairs, and proves that it is optimal. The process views differential pairs as logical nets; routes the logical nets; then bifurcates the result to achieve a physical realization. Finite state machine theory provides the critical theoretical underpinning and formal proof of correctness necessary for linear time bifurcation. Regular expressions map the theoretical solution to an appropriate implementation strategy that employs feature vectors for net recognition.

State identification, existence of sequences and machine classification

An essential part of fault analysis of sequential circuits is the identification of their initial or final state by use of synchronizing, homing and distinguishing sequences. Algorithms are developed for deciding the existence of these sequences. They make use of the well-known compatibility table technique universally employed for the minimization of state sets. The technique is then expanded to permit the classification of machines based on these three sequences. It unifies the various known graph theoretical methods and presents new insights into the structure theory of finite state machines.

A Generative Model for Asynchronous Finite-Valued Time Signals as Applied to Computer-Based Process Control

Computer-based process control is directly involved with the use of (asynchronous) finite-valued time signals. In this paper a generative model for such signals is proposed, one which allows both the direct imposition of physically-imposed signal contraints, and which allows for qualitative comparison of signal characteristics. Examples of the versatility of the model are given, and the relationship between this work and earlier work of the authors in asynchronous finite-state machine theory is explored.

Some finite state aspects of legged locomotion

Animal locomotion systems making use of legs as the basic component for support and propulsion can be studied from the point of view of finite state machine theory by regarding each leg as an elementary two-state sequential machine. The two states are simply the state of being in contact with the supporting surface and the state of being raised above it. This idealization permits the construction of a general theory of locomotion equally applicable to animals and legged locomotion machines. Such a theory can be made sufficiently complete to permit the synthesis of finite control algorithms capable of coordinating limb movements in either animals or machines. The validity of the finite state approach has been established by the construction and testing of an artificial quadruped based entirely upon finite state principles.

Linear positive machines

The analogy of the Krohn-Rhodes theory of finite state machines is developed for linear positive machines with inputs from a commutative Banach algebra with involution. The notion of prime machine in this context is shown to correspond maximal ideal in the input algebra. Further, every positive machine is shown to lie in the closed convex hull of its primes.

Introduction to the Theory of Finite-State Machines

Introduction to the Theory of Finite-State Machines

Introduction to the theory of finite-state machines

Introduction to the theory of finite-state machines