Cultural Reproduction Theory Research Articles

Childhood and Midlife Cultural Awareness and Activity Engagement Among Korean Married Couples.

Cultural reproduction theory posits that cultural resources are transmitted across generations, suggesting early parental influences on cultural experiences in adulthood. Further, cultural resources may be transferred within the same generation-through significant others, such as spouses. This study investigates cultural engagement among middle-aged adults, focusing on individual and spousal influences of childhood cultural engagement. A sample of 1,271 couples (age 49-66) from the 2012 Korean Baby Boomer Panel Study and the Korean Forgotten Generation Study was analyzed. Each respondent reported the number of arts and cultural activities (e.g., paintings, literature, and classical music) and levels of perceived cultural engagement (i.e., cultural awareness) during childhood and at midlife. Actor-Partner Interdependence Models (APIM) were estimated to examine how spouses' childhood and midlife cultural engagement were linked within couples. Findings showed that wives reported higher levels of activity participation and cultural awareness in childhood and midlife, compared to husbands. The APIM results indicated that beyond one's own childhood cultural engagement, spouse's childhood cultural awareness was associated with both levels of participation in arts and cultural activities (only for husbands) and cultural awareness (for both husbands and wives) at midlife. Cultural activities and awareness can be valuable assets to enhance overall well-being in later life. Given the cross-spousal associations in cultural engagement among Korean middle-aged couples, both spouses' cultural resources need to be considered for the design of interventions and policies to cultivate cultural competence and promote cultural engagement in adulthood.

How do the “Pastoral Children” transform into Modern Students? Reflections from the perspectives of cultural reproduction and cultural acculturation

Education serves as one of the most potent means to promote equity and justice, yet concurrently functions as a powerful mechanism for the reproduction of inequity and injustice. This study integrates the theories of cultural reproduction and cultural acculturation, combining macro-level structural considerations with micro-level agency perspectives to explore the regeneration mechanism of educational equity. Utilizing interview methods, data were collected from 83 students, 48 teachers, 25 parents, 26 education administrators, 12 leaders in education administration, and 9 local cultural elites in Kangding City, a central urban area for China's ethnic minorities. The findings indicate that minority working-class students from traditional communities, upon entering urban schools where the predominant culture is modern mainstream, face significant challenges related to strict temporal and spatial regulations, as well as the intense clash between the inward-seeking spiritual foundations of traditional culture and the outward-seeking demands of modern mainstream culture. This results in a profound cultural interruption and even conflict during the process of cultural reproduction, as students strive to master the new cultural capital taught in schools, facilitating cross-cultural adaptation and transforming into genuine modern students. Following cultural adaptation, new issues of cultural identity arise, leading students into a dilemma of self-reflection within diverse contexts and even fostering a dual alienation from both modern mainstream society and traditional communities. All these aspects underscore the imbalance in power relations between urban schools in marginalized communities, which, in teaching cultural capital and reinforcing social control, deviate to some extent from their original intent of addressing educational equity issues.

PERAN PUSAT PELATIHAN SENI BUDAYA (PPSB) JAKARTA SELATAN DALAM REPRODUKSI KESENIAN GAMBANG KROMONG

Along with the development of the capital city, the Betawi people and their culture have faced various challenges related to their identity and existence as “natives”. This condition has had a lot of influence on the condition where traditional arts are no longer alive and developing, one of which is Gambang Kromong. The Provincial Government of DKI Jakarta with various other interests, then carried out cultural preservation through the Cultural Arts Training Center (PPSB). This study describes how the Gambang Kromong Training Program is organized by PPSB, through the ethnographic method which has been carried out since 2018, then by data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and literature review related to the research object. The results of the collected data are then analyzed through the perspective of the theory of cultural reproduction and the theory of hegemony. The PPSB Gambang Kromong Training Program in the 2016-2019 period has succeeded in forming an ideal cultural reproduction system. The stages of the program cover quite a lot of aspects and various factors that also support a cultural reproduction effort, especially for the Gambang Kromong traditional arts in DKI Jakarta. Unfortunately this program had to stop due to policies that forced restructuring. The role of PPSB, which is part of a political society, unfortunately has to lose in the hegemony game of the institution above it, and this also has an impact on civil society which includes art galleries, schools, traditional arts practitioners, and the Betawi community in general. Policies that show the government’s inconsistency in carrying out the preservation and reproduction of culture, eventually add to the question in terms of cultural programs to the interests of the institution alone.

College overmatch: privilege and the rules of the athletic admissions game

Applying Bordieuan cultural reproduction theory to life-history interviews with 47 college athletes, this study examines the field of athletic admissions as a prominent place for class conflicts. Utilizing interview data and document analysis, I examine how parents from white suburban communities learn the rules of the game of athletic admissions and use their capital to advantage their offspring in navigating the field. Growing up in affluent communities immersed in high-resource sporting environments primed participants to develop an athletic habitus to better navigate the gatekept and barrier-ridden field of athletic admissions. Part of this habitus included learning to deprioritize academic achievement in favor of athletic achievement as the latter held greater admission advantages. It also meant learning to best package their athletic skills for admission. In the process, some talented athletes may be excluded because their habitus misaligns with fields constraints. Combined these processes lead to an overmatch contributing to the overrepresentation of white suburban athletes in preferential admission.

How Did the COVID-19 Pandemic Exacerbate the Digital Divide at Secondary Education: The Case of Two Chinese Schools

In major public health crises, online education can play an important role in guaranteeing the continuity of education. However, whether online education can promote educational equity has been questioned widely. The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed severe challenges students face in online teaching. Based on Bourdieu’s theory of cultural reproduction and 34 interviews with participants including students, parents, and teachers, this research adopted a case study approach to explore the digital divide among Chinese rural and urban secondary school students during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was found that despite measures adopted by the Chinese government, a wider digital divide has been created between urban and rural secondary schools, and the online learning result was heavily influenced by the socioeconomic status of both the individuals and the schools they attended. More specifically, compared with urban students, rural students had less access to sui digital devices and environment, quality-parental guide and supervision, effective teachers’ instruction, and worse habitus and less ability in independent online learning. Overall, this study calls on policymakers, leaders, educators, and parents to take collective actions to create a more effective online educational environment for students from the vulnerable and disadvantaged groups.

Snakes and Ladders: The Impact of Tracking on the Possibility of Attending Higher Education for Second-Generation Migrants and Native Students in France and Germany

Second-generation migrants comprise a large proportion in Europe, but recent research has figured out that their educational achievement has considerable gaps between that of their native-born counterparts. This paper chose France and Germany as examples to compare their educational systems, particularly on the tracking system and its impact on the accessibility of tertiary education for second-generation migrants and native-born students, with the application of Contrast of Context and cultural reproduction theory, then it figures out that the tracking system influences the possibility of entering to the types of higher education institutions to some extent but deserves further research.

Complicating Cultural Reproduction Theory: A Critical Multilevel Analysis of Systematic Inequality in U.S. Schools

The purpose of the current study is to examine malleable school practices and norms that contribute to inequitable school learning environments based on student background. Using multilevel structural equation modeling (SEM) with the U.S. sample of PISA 2015, this study examines the extent to which student-level access to inquiry-based science learning opportunities and academic press mediates the relationship between intersectional student background and scientific literacy outcomes, as well as the influence of school-level context, tracking, and academic climate variables on student learning opportunities, perceptions of academic press, and science outcomes. After accounting for variance explained at the school level, OTL was not a significant mediator of the relationship between student intersectional background or gender and scientific literacy outcomes. However, academic press was a significant mediator at the student level, and was a significant negative predictor of science achievement. At the school level, while tracking was not a significant predictor of mean school science achievement, tracking was a predictor of mean school academic press and OTL inquiry-based science. There were significant differences in school academic climate based on school context, and school-level perceptions of academic climate were significant predictors of science achievement, findings that can inform education policy and practice.

DISSEMINATION OF RELIGIOUS MODERATION FOR THE MILLENNIAL GENERATION IN THE JENDRAL SUDIRMAN MOSQUE YOGYAKARTA

<p><em>The mosque is a religious institution with two functions: a place of worship and the formation of religious awareness (education). The role is also found in the Jendral Sudirman Mosque (MJS), which functions as a place of worship and for forming religious awareness. The construction of religious understanding at MJS is dynamic. In the 1980s, MJS was known as a place of indoctrination for Salafi-jihadi views, while in the 2010s, it was known as a cultural mosque. The change from an Islamic mosque to a cultural mosque underwent a long process. This study aims to analyze the role of agents in providing change while also forming an awareness of local culture-based religious moderation in the millennial generation. This study uses observation and interviews to find data. This study uses Pierre Bourdieu's theory of cultural reproduction to analyze an agent's role in shaping a mosque's identity. This research found three things: First, the transformation of the MJS from an Islamic mosque to a culture-moderate mosque occurred because of the accumulation of agent capital at stake in the mosque arena and formed a new habitual space. Second, MJS is a discursive space that leads to the dissemination of local culture-based religious moderation with contextualization patterns between Islam, culture, and modernity. Third, mosque-based moderation is disseminated using popular language styles and humour to make it easier for congregations to understand the material. This study concludes that the agent has an essential role in determining the identity of the mosque.</em></p>

Through their eyes

Hockey culture has been demonstrated to be a site of racism, homophobia, misogyny and other forms of domination which keep men’s ice hockey stuck with hypermasculine narratives as young hockey boys chase a place within this culture. This study, conducted with an Elite U18 male ice hockey team in Western Canada, used photovoice as a means to enquire into young male athlete experiences in schools and the tension between being celebrated as a hockey boy and the domination of hypermasculinity in their everyday lives. Photovoice was used to open up conversations with images participants took during their days at a specialized sport academy regarding their feelings of disengagement in school. The findings show the weight of the hypermasculine narratives on hockey boys including toughness, homophobia, and classism as well as the implications on their mental health and risk of violent acts from being in an isolated and exclusive white patriarchal community. Young male athletes, desiring to continue to play elite hockey, unknowingly find themselves within a masculine moral paradox by becoming both constrained by and consenting to the hypermasculine narratives, further ensconcing hypermasculinity within hockey culture. The article brings together Connell’s hegemonic masculinity, Eisner’s three curricula, and Bourdieu’s theory of cultural reproduction as a means to generate awareness of the ways in which the entrenchment of masculine (hegemony) domination is deeply engrained in the fields of education, hockey culture, and the home.

Transforming Barasuara's “Guna Manusia” into brass band adaptation and sociocultural impact

This study examines transforming Barasuara's "Guna Manusia" from a folk-rock song into a brass band arrangement. It analyzes its cultural and sociological ramifications using Pierre Bourdieu's theory of cultural reproduction. The project aims to investigate the impact of song adaptation on audience perception, involvement, and awareness of environmental issues. The research utilizes a comprehensive technique that combines descriptive analysis and literature review. The process of descriptive analysis entails the examination of YouTube videos showcasing both the original and brass band renditions of "Guna Manusia" to comprehend the musical alterations and gauge the audience's reactions. A literature review is placed on findings within appropriate theoretical frameworks and examines prior research on music adaptation and cultural replication. The analysis demonstrates that by converting "Guna Manusia" into a brass band arrangement, its cultural importance is enhanced, and its accessibility is broadened to a broad spectrum of audiences. Descriptive analysis reveals that the brass band adaption successfully communicates the song's environmental message through instrumental expression. Bourdieu's theory demonstrates how cultural reproduction impacts the adaptation process and affects the audience's reception. The study highlights the educational and societal significance of employing music to promote environmental advocacy. It showcases how Barasuara's rendition of "Guna Manusia" actively helps increase awareness and encourage transformative change within society. The research offers unique insights into the profound impact of music and its role in tackling urgent social problems.

Shadow Education And Social Class Inequalities In Secondary Education In Greece: The Case Of Teaching English As A Foreign Language

This article deals with the shadow education system of private tutoring which contributes to the reproduction of social class inequalities, focusing on the Greek public secondary education system. It presents a literature review of the issue and the findings of an empirical qualitative and quantitative research that aimed at examining the causes of the students’ massive resort to private supplementary tutoring for learning the English language, despite the fact that English is taught at school. The study also set out to examine the relationship between students’ socioeconomic background and resort to private supplementary tutoring and the relationship between socioeconomic background and knowledge of the English language as attested by official certifications. Research findings indicate that the widely spread resort to private supplementary tutoring has a negative impact on the teaching of English in Greek public lower secondary education. Using Bourdieu’s cultural reproduction theory, we argue that private supplementary tutoring makes closer the relationship between social class, familial cultural and economic capital and educational outcomes. Thus, upper and middle-class students are at an advantage, since they can move to the labour market with valued educational qualifications that enhance their occupational prospects. Finally, we discuss educational measures to address the problem.

Cultural Arbitrariness of School and Childrenstudents’ Identity Behaviours

Introduction: The school as a culture’s institution provides ready-made models of identity in direct and subliminal cultural messages, confronting the child-student on a daily basis with the necessity to (successfully) cope with the (mis)comprehension of meanings produced by the school culture. Research Aim : In article I make an attempt to (re)cognize how narrations conducted and/or imposed by the emerging school culture determine the (un)conscious acquisition by children of meanings that describe their school reality and build their identity as learners. I have embedded the study in the theoretical framework of the reconstructed psychocultural concept of school culture of J. S. Bruner and the theory of cultural reproduction of P. Bourdieu. Method: The research material that I analyse and interpret in this paper using the hermeneutic-phenomenological method of coding are narrative interviews conducted with ten-year-old children at risk who have become fourth grade students. Results: The results of the research relate to the perception of school by children who have crossed the 2nd educational threshold in terms of school rules and norms. The research focuses on the process of implementing the child into the role of a student, indicating the oppressive nature of the school's culture. Conclusion: In the discussion of the results, I seek to draw attention the hidden beliefs about students, who become a material, an object or a product of the school (culture)'s operation and contrast them with Korczak's idea of openness and sensitivity to the child's potential.

Unpacking (un)conscious social class bias in faculty hiring processes in Chile: PhD prestige granting university and network

AbstractSocial class of origin is apparently an imperceptible attribute among doctorate holders seeking academic jobs. Yet, recent studies in different countries reveal that social class of origin may still be influencing the chances of PhD holders from low social class being hired at prestigious universities. Drawing from the theory of social and cultural reproduction, normative ‘fair’ academic hirings frameworks, and qualitative evidence collected in Chile, this research identifies the mechanisms that trigger (un)conscious social class bias in the stages of recruitment and selection of candidates in seven academic departments in economics and industrial engineering (46 interviews). Findings did not prove explicit classism manifestations, but practices of inclusion/exclusion of candidates based on the prestige of PhD‐granting universities, and networks. These reproduce the relationship between social class and unequal chances of being connected to prestigious universities. Recommendations to address (un)conscious social class bias in academic hiring are discussed.

Queering habitus: interrogating heteronormative dispositions that reproduce inequalities towards sexual minorities

ABSTRACT This paper engages Bourdieu’s theories of social and cultural reproduction, namely that of habitus, symbolic power, and symbolic violence, with the work of queer theorists, to interrogate the theory and practice of heteronormativity. The paper centrally argues that issues of inequalities experienced by sexual minorities are rooted on a received discourse that is normative in nature, and that, if unexamined, will continue to reproduce them. It also argues that negative dispositions towards sexual difference are not innate to human nature but ‘learned’ via early socialisation. Thus, to advance social justice, disrupting heteronormativity is the right thing to do, and initial teacher education is in a privileged position to help teachers and students with processes of learning and unlearning, necessary for a critical interrogation of received gender/sexuality norms. The first section contextualises habitus against critical interpretations of gender and sexuality. The second section deals with the power of discourse and the symbolic violence exercised by it. The third section explores the role of teacher education to disrupt heteronormativity. The conclusion brings together key conceptualisations to argue that tackling issues of inequality and injustice towards sexual minorities requires a queering of habitus, an acceptance of sexual diversity as natural rather than deviant.

Shadow Education And Social Class Inequalities In Secondary Education In Greece: The Case Of Teaching English As A Foreign Language

This article deals with the shadow education system of private tutoring which contributes to the reproduction of social class inequalities, focusing on the Greek public secondary education system. It presents a literature review of the issue and the findings of an empirical qualitative and quantitative research that aimed at examining the causes of the students’ massive resort to private supplementary tutoring for learning the English language, despite the fact that English is taught at school. The study also set out to examine the relationship between students’ socioeconomic background and resort to private supplementary tutoring and the relationship between socioeconomic background and knowledge of the English language as attested by official certifications. Research findings indicate that the widely spread resort to private supplementary tutoring has a negative impact on the teaching of English in Greek public lower secondary education. Using Bourdieu’s cultural reproduction theory, we argue that private supplementary tutoring makes closer the relationship between social class, familial cultural and economic capital and educational outcomes. Thus, upper and middle-class students are at an advantage, since they can move to the labour market with valued educational qualifications that enhance their occupational prospects. Finally, we discuss educational measures to address the problem.

Understanding Social Justice and Equity in Chinese Exam-oriented Education- Comparing Bourdieu's Theory of Cultural Reproduction and Nussbaum's Theory of the Competence Approach

Test-based education in China is often seen as an educational system that focuses on test scores, memorization and problem-solving, with the main aim of improving students' adaptive skills. However, there are problems with this model that inhibit students' autonomy and creativity. This paper will therefore compare Bourdieu's theory of cultural capital and social reproduction with Nussbaum's theory of a competency-based approach to understanding social justice and equity in Chinese exam-based education. Bourdieu's theory of cultural reproduction objectively examines the development of students in test-based education at the level of "capital", where each student's academic performance is determined by multiple capitals. Nussbaum's competency approach theory explains the problems with this model in terms of freedom and choice, and that it is up to the student to decide what functions are valuable. The competency approach theory has been found to provide a more comprehensive and human-centered explanation of teaching to the test. There are therefore various drawbacks to teaching to the test, so how to overcome or mitigate these drawbacks is something that needs to be taken seriously in education today.

Staying on track in higher secondary education in Flanders (Belgium). Mechanisms explaining social inequality in educational choice

ABSTRACT This article analyses the mechanisms that contribute to differences in educational choice in the transition from the second to the third stage of secondary education in Flanders, a highly tracked educational system. The study programme chosen in the eleventh grade, besides being quite predictable from the educational position in the tenth grade and school performance, is also affected by social class, ethnic background and gender. Using data gathered from pupils, their parents and their teachers, this study (N = 4389) tests a broad range of factors put forward by rational action theory, cultural reproduction theory and the Wisconsin status attainment model. As proposed by rational action theory, relative risk aversion affects educational choice. However, it does not explain the SES effect. Pupils’ academic self-esteem and their time perspective do have some potential to explain SES differentials in educational choice, as hypothesised by rational action theorists, and as can be expected from cultural explanations for educational inequality as well. In addition, expectations of significant others (parents, as well as teachers) are important predictors for subsequent educational choice and explain part of SES differences. Finally, classic cultural indicators of the parental home do not seem to affect educational choice beyond their effects on performance.

Re-examining cultural reproduction theory: cultural capital and adolescent academic achievement in China

Re-examining cultural reproduction theory: cultural capital and adolescent academic achievement in China

Using Bourdieu's theory of cultural reproduction to examine English language learning: A multilevel study in three lower- and middle-income countries

This study examines the determinants of the gaps in learning outcomes of students in three lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs) – Ethiopia, India, and Vietnam. We examined the extent to which English language performance relates to Bourdieu's theory of cultural reproduction, using the Young Lives international school survey data in the three countries. We employed a three-level multilevel model, to investigate variables at the individual, classroom and school levels that may influence English language skills of students. We find that differences in English test performance are attributable to both home background and school factors in all three contexts. Within countries, we find evidence of a high degree of variation in the English test scores of students between schools, indicating the importance of schooling quality and school characteristics for the development of English language skills. We conclude that the process of cultural reproduction through schooling is different for each country, with school-level factors found to reinforce social stratification in countries that are less equitable. This study provides a robust quantitative contribution to the literature base on English language learning in LMICs, where large-scale cross-country comparisons are relatively uncommon due to a relative lack of suitable data. The results and recommendations would be of interest to education stakeholders within LMIC contexts.

The Integrative Development of Cultural Tourism Industry in the Areas along Sichuan-Tibet Railway from the Perspective of Field: Based on the Cultural Reproduction Theory

Sichuan-Tibet Railway, the second railway into Tibet built by China after the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, is an important bond of the "eight vertical and eight horizontal" high-speed railway network in China, which is of great significance to the economic development along the line. This paper based on the field perspective of reproduction theory as well as the actual development of the cultural tourism industry along the Sichuan-Tibet Railway, this paper will provide practical theoretical recommendations for the integrative development of the cultural tourism industry along the Sichuan-Tibet Railway.