Crisis Theory Research Articles

Wojna polsko-polska a kryzys postindustrialny

The author presents the Polish – Polish war issue by using the post-industrial crisis theory. He concentrates on the A. Toffler’s theory of the Second and Third Wave and on the term of Superfight. According to the author, the two sides of Polish – Polish war are the supporters of both the Second Wave and the Liquid Modernity. Polish – Polish war will be increasing while supporters of the Liquid Modernity accept the ideas accurate for the Third Wave.

Tracing secular stagnation to the prevention of communism, through the prism of economics and Marxist political economy

This paper addresses the limits encountered by bourgeois economics in understanding the significance of the term ‘secular stagnation’, using the concept of ‘total factor productivity’ to make this case. It then criticises Marxist political economy for creating models of capital, which prevent one moving much beyond an abstract theory of crisis to grasp what underlies capitalist elite concerns about secular stagnation. The paper then offers some reflections on why the meaning of secular stagnation is more likely to be found between the real movement of capitalism, socialism and communism, rather than economic models of capital.

The Current Crisis of US Neoliberal Capitalism and Prospects for a New “Social Structure of Accumulation”

Wage squeeze/profit squeeze crisis theories provide a powerful framework for the historical analysis of US capitalist crises and the alternating demand-side and supply-side social structures of accumulation (SSA). However, the current neoliberal SSA would seem to defy the logic of this model in its persistence in the face of a deep financial crisis and a failure to realize its espoused objectives. This paper reviews this theoretical model of economic crises, its relationship to and viability alongside the rise and establishment of neoliberalism, and some of the political and economic obstacles that would seem to prevent the construction of a new SSA that would address and correct the glaring deficiencies of neoliberal political economy. JEL Classification: P16, G01

Pojęcie kryzysu w filozofii i naukach społecznych a kryzysy prawne

The aim of this article is to discuss different approaches to the phenomena of crisis, which are reconstructed from chosen philosophical and social sciences theories. Latest popularity of the notion of legal or constitutional crisis in jurisprudence establishes the point of departure. Using this notion in legal context opens a problem of adopting in this field more general and well-grounded perspectives on crises. Subsequently, I present the concept of crises in works of Edmund Husserl, Hannah Arendt, Reinhart Koselleck and Niklas Luhmann. Each of aforementioned sections is concluded with an explication of the concept of crises in perspective of adequate theory. My final task is to draw some most important consequences for understanding constitutional crisis, as well as the need for general theory of legal crises.

Why is there no securitisation theory in the Korean nuclear crisis?

Despite the fact that the Korean nuclear crisis is one of the most protracted security issues in the world, the research analysing the crisis from the perspective of securitisation theory is curiously absent. This article attempts to pin down some distinguishing features of South Korea’s securitisation of the nuclear threat posed by North Korea, thereby investigating why one rarely sees the implications of securitisation theory in the way that the Copenhagen School theorists would suggest. Borrowing the key components of securitisation theory—existential threats, referent objects and extraordinary measures—this article suggests three elusive characteristics of the South Korean actors’ speech acts as sources highlighting the dilemma. To make the article’s arguments clearer, I hold Floyd’s classification of securitisation theory, which separated the securitisation process into two different stages: securitising move and security practice. While acknowledging the importance of the differences between illocution and perlocution in a securitisation process, this article takes this logic one step further by suggesting the limits of the perlocutionary effect in making the securitisation process complete.

Uncovering the Relationship Between Organizational Crisis and Innovation Speed

This article develops a conceptual model for studying the dual effect of the organizational crisis on innovation speed. Based on the original source of organizational crisis (exogenous vs. endogenous) and the type of perceived threat (realistic vs. latent), we categorize four types of organizational crisis, including environmental jolts related crisis, internal jolts related crisis, industrial revolution related crisis, and proactively constructed crisis. In developing the conceptual model, we integrate the predictions of the behavioral theory of the firm and the threat-rigidity hypothesis with regard to the allocation of organizational attention between survival and aspiration goals when confronted with each type of crisis. We also examine the moderating effect of high vs. low discretion organizational slack on these relationships. Our model extends current theory of organizational crisis and innovation speed.

CORRUPÇÃO GOVERNAMENTAL NO MERCADO DE CAPITAIS: UM ESTUDO ACERCA DA OPERAÇÃO LAVA JATO

RESUMO O Brasil apresentou, nos últimos anos, um cenário de crise econômica e política, resultado do funcionamento de uma elaborada rede de corrupção no governo. A literatura financeira aponta duas linhas de pensamento relacionadas ao tema corrupção, uma que defende a existência de efeitos benéficos e outra que aponta os prejuízos no sistema público. A fim de se entender a relação entre a queda no nível de investimento e a corrupção, foi realizado um estudo de eventos, com base no modelo GARCHX-in-Mean, que permitisse identificar a existência e/ou o potencial sentido do impacto da corrupção para alguns ativos selecionados. Os resultados apontam que, no Brasil, houve uma grande desvalorização nas maiores empresas estatais negociadas na bolsa de valores nacional e também em suas American Depositary Receipt (ADR), consequentemente, gerando um cenário de fuga de recursos financeiros e indicando uma queda no crescimento econômico, apoiando a teoria de prejuízo em longo prazo da corrupção.

A Theory of Value, Profits and Economic Crises

This article starts with definitions of value and profit and constructs a new interpretation of the economic crisis. Exchange of goods stems from different people's different judgments on the value of goods, and twice exchanges of goods lead to commercial profits. Production profit is essentially the same as commercial profit. It also requires twice exchanges. The capitalists buy labors from the workers and sell the products to the workers. The difference in the prices of the labors and products constitutes the profit. The capitalists get the profit but the workers do not share the profit. Such profit distribution leads to the fact that the new products sale cannot be sustained within a closed economy, resulting in an economic crisis, manifested as a relative surplus of product. This article focuses on the field of circulation and exposes the exploitation of workers by the two exchanges, providing a theoretical approach to understand the rich-poor divergence.

Czym była Marksowska krytyka ekonomii politycznej?

The present paper reconstructs the peculiarities of Marx’s critique of classical political economy. The first section recalls three main intellectual sources of Marxism: Classical German Philosophy, French Utopian Socialism, and English Classical Political Economy. The second section focuses on reasons why the Marxian thought has often been considered as passé. The third part shows that many examples of downgrading or even rejecting Marx’s propositions resulted from misunderstanding of the peculiarities of his method of investigation. Finally, the paper analyses possibilities of bringing back the Marx’s critique of political economy into scientific interests, for instance, in the form of modern crisis theory.

Say’s Law, Marxian Crisis Theory and the Interconnectedness of the Capitalist Economy

ABSTRACTScholars have long debated exactly why Marx felt that general gluts were not just possible, but inevitable. This article argues that Theories of Surplus Value anchored that necessity in the complex interconnectedness that characterizes capitalist production. There, Marx’s criticism of Say’s Law builds on a version of crisis theory that begins with raw material shortages in a leading sector. The disturbance is then transmitted through the many inter-industry linkages in the capitalist economy. What starts as a supply-side shock in a leading sector is transformed into a broad crisis of aggregate demand as workers are laid off and businesses fall into insolvency. This article argues that Marx’s later discussion of other types of crises in Capital can be read as consistent with this approach. A severe profit squeeze in a leading sector (whether originating in intermediate good prices, market demand, rising wages or rising use of fixed capital) necessarily turns into a general glut. In this context, Say’s Law becomes an irrelevant theorem concerning an imaginary economy. What Marx sees as fundamentally new under capitalism is not the use of money and the separation of sale and purchase, but massive interconnectedness.

The Books of Crisis and Tooke–Newmarch excerpts: a new aspect of Marx's crisis theory in MEGA

The paper explores a new aspect of the development of the Books of Crisis: the fact that Marx’s empirical research on the 1857 crisis in these notebooks was undertaken as the direct continuation of his study of Thomas Tooke and William Newmarch's A History of Prices. Our investigation will provide clues to better understand the structure and contents of the documents. Particularly, we provide new evidence for why Marx started his research on the 1857 crisis with the French economy, which managed to steer clear of the crisis, rather than with England, which was already acutely affected by it.

Flying to Fail: Costly Signals and Air Power in Crisis Bargaining

Theories of crisis bargaining suggest that military mobilizations act as costly signals of resolve, increasing the credibility of coercive threats. In this article, I argue that air mobilizations, as a subset of military signals, demonstrate a lack of resolve during coercive bargaining for four reasons: they cost less in terms of human and financial resources (sunk costs), generate lower political costs (hand-tying), do not raise the risks of engagement (manipulation of risk), and do not significantly shift the balance of power—all compared with other military signals. Using new data that disaggregates military demonstrations into air, naval, and land signals during 210 cases of compellence, this article presents systematic evidence that air signals decrease the probability of coercive threat success compared with the alternatives. This finding holds important implications for theoretical and policy debates regarding the role of costly signals in international bargaining.

Flying to Fail: Costly Signals and Air Power in Crisis Bargaining

Theories of crisis bargaining suggest that military mobilizations act as costly signals of resolve, increasing the credibility of coercive threats. In this article, I argue that air mobilizations, ...

Shaq is not Alone: Free-Throws in the Final Moments of a Basketball Game.

It has been previously observed that basketball free-throw (FT) shooting efficiency decreases towards the end of the game. The aim of the current study was to explore possible determinants for this distinctive pattern during close games (point differential of equal or under 2 points during the final minute of the game). A sample of shots attempted by 92 players in the Spanish professional basketball league (ACB) was collected. Several personal (age, experience, playing position and career FT percentage) and contextual (team ability, competition stage, game location, seconds remaining and score differential) variables were considered for the analysis of the data. The effects of the predictor variables on the players’ performance were analyzed according to two game contexts (FT attempted during the final minute or the last pair of FTs) using binomial logistic regression analysis. The results showed that during the final minute the only statistically significant variable was being in the center playing position (OR = 1.58), which decreased the FT shooting percentage compared to forwards and guards. In addition, the results during the last pair of FTs showed that the playing position of guards (OR = 1.70) and centers (OR = 2.22) was significant (a decrease in their FT percentage). Conversely, the score differential when tied (OR = -1.17) or losing (OR = -2.43) was significant, reflecting a lower probability of missing the shot. The results were interpreted and discussed from the viewpoints of crisis theory and the literature on choking in athletic performance.

Geschichtszeichen

Abstract The following paper tries to bring Marx’s crisis theory up to date from a sociological and social-philosophy point of view. Crisis, in line with Marx and Kant, is interpreted as a negative sign of history. Marx’s crisis scenario, while founded in an ever pertinent critique of the destruction of egalitarian individualism by the capitalist system must be considered lacking in complexity for today’s world. Marx underestimated the historical role of the state. A revision of his crisis theory leads to a re-evaluation of the latest two large-scale historical attempts to deal with the crises of modern capitalism; the mixed economy of the Keynesian welfare state, the crisis of which prepared the field for the succeeding crisis, the preventive counterrevolution of neoliberalism. This counterrevolution has plunged democracy into a crisis with slim prospects of escape.

Globalisation and Economic Crises in the Korean Capitalism

This article explores the contradictory relation between globalisation and crisis in the Korean capitalism since the 1990s. After formulating the relation between globalisation and crisis from the perspective of Marxian theory of world market crisis, this article overviews the process of globalisation in Korea after the 1990s, focusing on foreign trade, capital export and global value chains. In addition, this article empirically examines the relation between globalisation and crises in the Korean capitalism by analysing the trend of Marxian ratios, including rate of profit. Based on the case study on the Korean capitalism, this article concludes that globalisation is not the cause of but the capitalist responses to the economic crises.

The art of strategic improvisation

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe strategic improvisation, a contemporary concept and approach based on the creative arts and organizational crisis theory, as a valuable approach for communication professionals. Strategic improvisation combines the need for planning and structure with creative action, and is a normative idea of how to work in an efficient way.Design/methodology/approachThe concept is developed in a collaborative project between a major Swedish communications agency and a university scholar. The empirical foundation consists of 25 qualitative interviews with a strategic selection of successful communication professionals, identified as typical strategic improvisers.FindingsAn analysis of the interviews led to 11 defining patterns or themes typical for strategic improvisation and strategic improvisers. The interviews and the theoretical framework is the foundation of a communication model. Strategic improvisation is defined as a situational interpretation within a given framework. The model has three interconnected parts: a clear framework (composition), a professional interpretation (interpretation) and a situational adaptation based on given possibilities and conditions (improvisation).Research limitations/implicationsThis is not a peer reviewed paper, but a paper in the section “In Practice,” directed toward communication professionals.Originality/valueThe ideas and model are connected to theories of improvisation, especially in music, which is rare in the field of communication management, and developed in a collaborative project between practice and research.

A Longitudinal Mixed-Methods Case Study of Quarter-Life Crisis During the Post-university Transition: Locked-Out and Locked-In Forms in Combination

Research on crisis episodes during the first decade of adult life suggests two types of such “quarter-life” crisis exist: locked-in and locked-out. Both relate conceptually to the transition out of emerging adulthood. A female case study was studied over a 4-year period, starting when she left university. Well-being and depression data were gathered 5 times, two interviews were conducted, as well as a structured e-mail exchange. Results showed two episodes of crisis within the study period. The first was the locked-out type, which occurred when the participant experienced multiple failures to find work, leading to self-esteem decline and anxiety. The second crisis was the locked-in type, which occurred when she felt obliged to stay in a job despite a bullying boss. The case study provides a rich exemplification of quarter-life crisis theory and insights for further consideration in multi-participant studies on the challenges of leaving tertiary education.

Marx's Law of the Profit Rate and the Reproduction of Capitalism: Neither Determinism Nor Overdetermination

This article supports a holistic interpretation of Marxian thought to argue the existence of socio-historical, objectives and tendential laws of motion governing the reproduction of the system. In particular, it highlights the place of the law of the tendency of the rate of profit to fall in the analysis of the reproduction of capitalism, and therefore the theory of crisis, as crises arise from the inner logic of capital. While holistic and emphasizing the objective aspects, this approach is not deterministic, nor does it fall into the indeterminacy of the overdetermination approach.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF FINANCIAL CRISES: EXPLAINING THE PANIC OF 1873

This article demonstrates the value of a joint application of the theory and history of financial crises of 1873. It weaves together concepts of financial and banking panic theory with a narrative explanation of the causes and triggers of the Panic of 1873. Basic concepts of economic theory, it suggests, can act as both a framework and a starting point to the historical interpretation of a financial panic.Employing such theory, however, ultimately reinforces the need for contextual cultural explanations of financial panics. A theoretically grounded view of the cultural history of capitalism—and its sudden crises—can help explain why and how some structures of exchange systematized and conditioned human confidence within specific historical contexts.Drawing together theoretical models of banking panic and historical evidence, this article thus emphasizes the importance of Gilded Age money-making culture for understanding the impact of Philadelphia financier Jay Cooke upon the causes of the Panic of 1873. Cooke's sudden and unexpected bankruptcy caused the deconstruction of confidence on the stock exchange and throughout the country. The cultural idiosyncrasy of Cooke's outstanding position in all matters of American finance multiplied the asymmetry that occurred in the wake of a major information shock.