Administration Theory Research Articles

Toward a theorization of ideal type bureaucratic regimes: A comparative perspective from India and Pakistan

Previous studies on bureaucracy have enhanced our comprehension of bureaucracies’ roles and impacts in the policy process. However, a gap exists in the public administration literature regarding the conceptualization of bureaucracy through the lens of “Bureaucratic Regimes.” To address this gap, this article theorizes the concept of a “bureaucratic regime” and categorizes it into six distinct ideal types: Enabling, Inhibiting, Semi-effective, Ineffective, Effective, and Kleptocratic. This classification is based on an analysis of critical factors, such as the historical legacy of colonialism, administrative traditions, political cultures, economic development, social norms, tenure security, ideational influences, welfare spending, and policy outcomes, all contributing to the formation of bureaucratic regimes. By examining the Indian Administrative Service and the Pakistan Administrative Service, this study asserts that these services exhibit characteristics of a “Kleptocratic Bureaucratic Regime.” This regime is characterized by the extensive privileges enjoyed by its officers, resulting in substantial public expenditure but subpar policy outcomes. The study highlights the significance of viewing bureaucratic regimes as valuable conceptual tools for comparative analysis and policy evaluation. Consequently, it contributes not only to public administration theory but also holds implications for practical policymaking.

Cooperative Systems Increasing the Chance of Success of Innovative Projects: A Case from the Brazilian Aerospace Sector

ABSTRACT This paper addresses the use of cooperative systems in the management of innovative projects and their contribution to increasing the chances of success in the case study of the KC-390 Program, a significant project in the Brazilian aeronautical industry. Based on the administrative theory of cooperative systems, the study focuses on collaboration and trust in innovative projects, using the Technology Readiness Level as a guide for decisions. Complex products and systems require customized approaches due to their complexity and high engineering costs. Innovation in these projects depends on collaboration and trust between the developer and the requester. The methodology used includes applied and qualitative research, exploring bibliographic, documentary, and field research data. The KC-390 case study highlights the partnership between the Brazilian Air Force Command and Empresa Brasileira de Aeronaves (Embraer), evidencing how this relationship has been fundamental for technological development. The paper also explores the dual certification process of the KC-390, where the implementation of a collaborative process in the Conformity Demonstration Planning phase brought innovation to military certification. This innovation broke with the traditional paradigm of certification of aeronautical products in the country and was possible, mainly, due to the relationship of trust between the certifying authority and the integrating company.

CONCEPTUAL AMBUSH OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE SYSTEMS OF GOVERNMENT MANAGEMENT: WIKILEAKS TODAY

The article carries out a comprehensive study of the theoretical foundations of the digital transformation of public administration through the prism of its conceptual field and conceptual model. The content of such definitions as «informatisation», «digitalisation», «digitalisation» and «digital transformation» is systematised and disclosed, their evolution and interrelation in the context of development of the public administration theory is traced. The essence of the digital transformation of public administration as a multidimensional process, covering technological, managerial and social dimensions, is defined, and its key principles are substantiated: inclusiveness, transparency, adaptability. The main regularities of digital transformation are identified and characterised, in particular, the transition from fragmented automation to integrated management and the growing role of data in management decision-making. The key features of the digital transformation of public administration are identified: integrity, adaptability, transparency, proactivity and citizen orientation. The typology of mechanisms of digital transformation is described, which includes technological, organisational, regulatory, communication and educational mechanisms, and the peculiarities of their institutional and resource support are determined. A conceptual model of digital transformation of public administration is proposed, which integrates technological, organisational, social and legal aspects into a single architecture. The main drivers of digital transformation (technological innovations, citizens' expectations, international standards) and barriers (financial constraints, digital competence, regulatory instability) are identified. The indicators of the effectiveness of the digital transformation of public administration are systematised, covering both quantitative indicators (level of accessibility of services, speed of decision-making) and qualitative characteristics (citizen satisfaction, reduction of administrative burden).

Industrial policy and the State of development: to actualization of the notion

Objective: to analyze the trajectories of industrial policy effective implementation by determining the relevance of key elements of the “development state” model in modern international realities. Methods: monographic, historical, abstract-logical, comparative methods. Results: the characteristics of the “development states” concept described on the example of some Asian countries allowed their governments to carry out industrial modernization of national economies in a short time and switch to the sustainable economic development trajectory. For many years, the “development state” has been perceived by researchers as part of history. This was determined by the consensus on the existing boundaries of state intervention in the economy. In recent years, the interest of governments in industrial policy has been growing. The implementation of measures withinthe industrial policy gives rise to new challenges to public administration, probably similar to those that the development states have gone through. The author shows that the available formulations of the qualitative characteristics inherent both in the “development state” concept and in some Asian countries in a certain period of their development are significant for the modern theory of public administration in the context of industrial policy measures. Scientific novelty: it consists in understanding the concept of the “development state” in the modern context. Practical significance: the research provisions and conclusions can be used in the future studies of the economic theory influence on socio-political discourses and political decisions.

Leading sustainable school improvement: a meta-synthesis of qualitative research on problems and challenges faced by school leaders

IntroductionDeveloping broader insights into the problems or challenges faced by school leaders resulting from various factors both within and out of school is a crucial attempt to provide solutions on scientific grounds and to ensure the sustainability of schools.MethodsThis study aims to contribute to both the theory and practice of sustainable school administration through conducting the meta-synthesis of prior qualitative studies on the problems and challenges faced by school leaders. Data were collected from several databases indexing educational research, and the analysis was conducted using data from 24 studies presenting the perspectives of a total of 614 participants.ResultsThe results showed that school leaders had significant problems particularly with insufficient funds and budgets, shortage of school staff, insufficient or unwilling teachers, an abundance of responsibilities with limited authority, maintenance of school buildings, and tackling excessive and fast-changing legislations. Lack of inspectors’ expertise and their being closed to novel ideas, principal assignments not based on merit, insufficient communication and collaboration among teachers, and pressures from the superiors or unions were also listed among the other serious problems and challenges.DiscussionThese findings suggest putting more effort into improving human resources, school budgets, curriculum and instruction, parental involvement, mechanisms to tackle student problematic behavior, ensuring the professional quality of teachers, school leaders, and inspectors as well as providing school leaders with the necessary support while expecting them to realize an abundance of responsibilities. The challenges caused by bureaucratic pressures, political press, and union discord should also be crucially considered by the higher authorities if school leaders are expected to contribute to the sustainable improvement of schools.

사회복지학 전공 대학생의 팀 기반 학습(TBL) 과정에 관한 질적 연구

This study is a qualitative study for the holistic understanding of the Team-Based Learning (TBL) process conducted in social welfare subjects. By examining the research participants' perceptions through their practical experiences with TBL, this study aims to derive suggestions necessary for the instructional design and implements of TBL conducted for their major subjects. The data collection conducted a team-by-team interview with 24 students who took the "Social Welfare Administration Theory" subject(2nd semester of 2022), at department of social welfare in J university. TBL was conducted 13 times in this class. In the data analysis, the raw data was analyzed using open coding and categorization based on abstract meaning units. As a result of the analysis, 8 categories and 18 subcategories were derived. The TBL process was in the initial, middle, and terminal stages. At the initial stage, themes such as ‘felt pressured with TBL’, ‘spontaneous and horizontal team building’, and ‘time management-based team learning activities in class’ were derived. At the middle stage, ‘discovering the value of applying knowledge’, ‘recovering relationships due to the covid-19’ and professor's ‘scaffolding that suggested directions’, ‘team interaction of adjustment and compromise’ were derived. At the terminal stage, the students were able to outcomes ‘learning results that would not have been possible on their own’. Based on this, we make the following suggestions. Firstly, it requires creating an spontaneous atmosphere, secondly, building up relationships among team members, and finally, needing appropriate scaffolding which providing a guide.

Assessing the Efficiency of Regional Practices of Governance Centralizationin the Field of Urban Planning in Russia

The study is devoted to assessing the efficiency of governance centralization in the sphere of urban planning in Russia, expressed in the redistribution of municipal powers in favor of the authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The theoretical basis of the work is formed by key publications on the topic of urban planning, considered in the context of theories of public administration. It is shown that the redistribution of municipal powers in favor of the authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation can lead to an increase in the relative efficiency of state policy on the creation of new housing; at the same time, the limitations of using the presented methodology of data envelopment analysis when measuring the effectiveness of the exercise of powers are identified. At the same time, the duality of motivations of regional authorities to initiate the redistribution process is revealed: in a number of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, it was aimed at increasing the efficiency of the exercise of powers, while in other regions the redistribution itself was a consequence of achieving high efficiency. As a result, a thesis is formulated on the need to use quantitative metrics at the stage of formulating the composition of qualitative indicators in the framework of the introduction of full-fledged monitoring of law enforcement in the field of urban planning. In particular, the proposed methodology for assessing effectiveness can be used to select in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation that will participate in the pilot stage of monitoring. The presented work can thus serve as a basis for improving the system for assessing the efficiency and effectiveness of the government bodies and officials of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation activities in the field of urban planning, as well as contribute to the adjustment of inefficient practices of redistribution of powers in regions, associated primarily with the partial withdrawal of thematic powers from local authorities’ self-government.

Rethinking Policy Design: Integrating Traditional, Market-oriented and Corporatist Career Management Policy Instruments across South African Public Service Departments

Policy design gained popularity in the 1970s, thus proliferating extensive scholarly research within the field. This persistent trajectory is sustained by a significant emphasis on integrating diverse instruments within contemporary democratic and governance contexts. Despite the relevance of instrument mix, the integration of traditional, corporatist, and market-oriented policy instruments still needs to be explored in the African context, particularly in career management. This study addressed this gap by investigating the integration of these diverse paradigms through insights from the metaphysical foundations of governance models alongside the empirical data gathered from the stakeholders at the North West Province Departments of Cooperative Governance Traditional Affairs and Human Settlements. Findings revealed a divergence of policy design approaches, culminating in the misalignment of policy instruments in career management. This misalignment hampers the integration of employee development objectives with Public Service goals. Findings revealed that the underlying cause of this deficiency is the misalignment of NATO instruments. Therefore key stakeholders in both departments should realign policy instruments and enhance targeted capability building. The study contributes to public administration theory, policy design, career management, and integrative governance by prioritising the alignment of policy instruments, thereby bridging the gap between organisational and employee developmental goals. This collaborative approach reveals the potentiality of integrative governance in harmonising diverse policy instruments in public organisations. Keywords: Policy Design, Instrument Mixes, Career Management, Integrative Governance, Institutional, Atomistic, Fragmentation Ontologies.

Public Administration "Changing Paradigms of Public Administration in Facing the Global Health Crisis: Lessons from the Pandemic"

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the paradigm of public administration in dealing with the global health crisis by emphasizing the importance of multilateralism and cross-border cooperation. The government now plays the role of a facilitator that integrates health and political policies to respond more effectively. The study identifies countries with swift and transparent leadership, such as Vietnam, that are better able to respond to the pandemic, while also exposing global inequalities in low-income countries that need international support. Public administration has a crucial role in designing effective policies, providing resources, and implementing measures such as social distancing, with transparent communication to build public trust. The digitization of public services and evidence-based collaboration between governments and scientists have become important pillars in responding to people's needs. This study uses a descriptive-qualitative approach with case studies and comparative analysis of policies in various countries. The results show that adaptation and innovation in public administration, including increasing digital literacy and community participation, are critical to building health system resilience to future crises. This research is expected to contribute to public administration theory and relevant policy recommendations to face similar challenges in the future.

Tax Dispute Analysis of Incorrect Vat Payment on Offshore Royalty Viewed From the Ease of Administration Principle (Case Study of PT X)

The purposes of this research are: (i) to analyse basic considerations from the Indonesian Tax Authority (ITA) in making regulations regarding the incorrect transfer of VAT on taxable services from outside customs territory which cannot be overbooked; and (ii) to analyse whether the administrative sanctions penalized to the taxpayer are appropriate from the ease of tax administration principle’s perspective. This study is using (i) VAT imposition on intangible taxable goods and services from outside the Indonesian customs territory; (ii) Ease of Administrative principles: certainty, efficiency, convenience of payment, and simplicity as theoretical references. The research is categorized as applied study with a qualitative method using qualitative data collection techniques through literatures and field studies (interview with various key informants from ITA, representatives of the taxpayers, and taxation experts and academia. The qualitative analysis on data/information was done via triangulating process with related theories, VAT laws and regulation, as well as expert opinions. Results of the study conclude that the basis of considerations of the ITA makes regulations for the utilization of Intangible Taxable Goods and Taxable Services from Outside the Customs Territory, which cannot be done with overbook because both offshore VAT objects are difficult to detect and can be used for tax avoidance modus by the taxpayers. The ownership of documentary evidence is actually a foreign party while the person who is supposed to make a transfer request is the owner of the document evidence, and the tax that has been deposited has become a tax credit and will not move to another place other than the state treasury because the tax credit is the taxpayer's right. Considerations taken by ITA have not met the theory of good tax administration because there has been no legal formulation related to this matter and ITA's accountability is still considered to be lacking in terms of supervision and control. Administrative sanctions penalized to PT X due to tax deposit errors are not in accordance with the ease of tax administration principle. Even though it is certainly stipulated in the prevailing law and regulation, but the procedure is so lengthy and detrimental to the taxpayer, increase and disrupt cash flow for business activities carried out by PT X. In terms of efficiency principle, the rejection of overbooking process creates additional compliance costs to the taxpayer, namely: fiscal financial cost, time cost and psychological cost and denial the facts that actually the fund/money have been transferred to the State Treasury. Implications of research: To provide examples of practice in the field of how complicated tax administration procedures can cause unnecessary losses for taxpayers if the tax regulations are not made by taking into account the principle of ease of tax administration. It is also recommended that the tax authorities should reduce administrative burden for the implementation of rights and fulfillment of tax obligations that are too rigid to be more friendly in order to make it easier for taxpayers to carry out their tax obligations and make themselves a facilitator for taxpayers to increase cooperative tax compliance. Originality/value: Ease of carrying out tax obligations for taxpayers must be something that is facilitated by the Tax Authority rather than being subject to penalties and this can be done, one way, through the application of the principle of ease tax administration in the formulation of tax regulations.

Practice of Educational Administration Theories in Secondary School of Bangladesh

The efficient execution of educational programs in schools has made the position of educational administrators increasingly important. Theories offer a conceptual structure that facilitates comprehending, forecasting, and managing behavior within organizational settings. The purpose of this study is to explore the practice of educational administration (EA) theories in secondary school of Bangladesh, and the role of educational administrators. A qualitative approach is used for gaining in-depth understanding in the real-life-situation. Semi-Structure Interview and Focus Group Discussion have been used to collect data. Data have been analyzed using thematic analysis technique. Findings show that secondary schools of Bangladesh are practicing the Scientific Management Theory and System Theory collaboratively through maintaining formal structure. Human Relationship and Behavioral Approach Theory have been practiced in the shadow of formal structure. As well a hybrid approach is being practiced in the schools. The administrators find the challenges to practice these theories. The challenges are lack of infrastructure, scarcity of teaching learning resources, teacher-student-ratio, local conflict, and school managing committee’s internal clash. The findings of this study would be useful for educators, educational administrators and researchers in advancing EA theories in education. Teacher’s World: Journal of Education and Res arch, 50(1): 135-154

Dynamics of Public Participation on Sustainable Resource Management in County Government of Kericho, Kenya

Sustainable resource management involve managing resources in a way that their sources are not depleted; so that the future generations can also benefit from it. Africa is endowed with diverse and abundant natural resources and stands at a critical juncture where responsible and sustainable management of these resources is paramount for the continent's development. The Kenyan governments (national-level and county-level) recognize the need for sustainable resource management for the good of the citizens. In devolved government units in Kenya, sustainable resource management is a critical. This study sought to assess the dynamics of public participation on sustainable resource management in county government of Kericho, Kenya. The study was guided by Resource-based view theory, administrative theory, transformational leadership theory and the theory of Planned Behaviour. This study adopted a pragmatism approach that took a practical and flexible approach, focusing on the usefulness and applicability of research findings, rather than an all-or-nothing, mutually exclusive philosophical position. A descriptive research design with a mixed method of quantitative and qualitative data collections was adopted. The target population of the study comprised a total of 213 senior, middle and lower level management staff of the county government of Kericho. The Stratified random sampling was used to develop a sample from different management groups. A sample of 139 management staff was selected using Slovin’s formula. Reliability of the study was ensured by conducting a pilot study in the neighbouring County Government of Nakuru while context, content and criterion validity were ascertained by the researcher in the field of study. Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics which described the nature of ethical leadership and sustainable resource management. Inferential statistics (Pearson’s correlation and regression analysis) were used to determine the nature of influence between the variables. This was done with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. Qualitative data was analysed by themes and content analysis. The study findings revealed that, public participation had a statistically significant influence on sustainable resource management. The study concluded that there exists a strong and significant relationship between public participation (r=0.832 and p=0.000) and sustainable resource management in Kericho County, Kenya. The study recommends that in order to enhance public participation members of the public should be empowered by giving the information and documents containing information on development activities and legislations that require their input in advance so that they know and understand what they are coming to do in public forums.

Theory of Origin, Administration and Decline of the Great Vijayanagar Kingdom in South Asia

The Vijayanagar Empire is one of the most prominent and well-known empires of South Asia. The empire had arisen in the times of the Delhi Sultanate and sustained for more than a period of three Centuries. It saw four dynasties and its share wars and conflicts with neighboring Muslim forces. Vijayanagar Empire also had an admirable administration system, in the sense that it is counted as highly centralized, just and elaborate. This research paper seeks to examine the administrative and political structure of the Vijayanagar Empire and various nuances related to the same. In this research explores various facets of Vijayanagar’s grand history by critically examining various historical interpretations, including nationalist, colonial, and postcolonial perspectives. The approach seeks to provide a comprehensive analysis of the complex factors that influenced its ascent and subsequent decline. It seeks to examine the view foreign travelers like Ibn Batuta, Fernao Nuniz and Dominigos Paes and accounts of prominent historians Ferishta that lived during the time of Vijayanagar like to the modern Scholars like Robert Sewell and Nilakanta Sastri in order to present comprehensive historiographical understanding on the Vijaynagar empire. The Vijayanagara Empire’s profound and enduring impact on the historical and cultural milieu of South India has left an indelible imprint across various domains, including art, architecture, literature, and societal practices. Through a meticulous examination of the ascendance and decline of this ancient civilization, one can glean invaluable insights into the intricate processes underpinning the formation and disintegration of polities in premodern South Asian contexts This research paper uses a variety of sources to shed light on the administrative and political conditions of the Vijayanagar Empire. It also sheds light on the changes in State Structure across the four dynasties, the impact of the administrative system on Justice, the impact of religion on State Politics and finally, the political factors that ultimately led to the end of the Greatest South Indian Empire in the Country.

Government Management for Sustainable Economic Development and Innovation

Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze whether efficient and effective government management promotes sustainable economic growth and innovation. It seeks to understand how the income generated through GDP per capita is related to the effectiveness and efficiency with which the government of the State of Nayarit performs. Theoretical Framework: Effective and efficient government management, which uses innovative technologies to improve public administration, is the basis of the research. The relevance of economic diversification for resilience to external events is highlighted, based on the endogenous growth theory, which emphasizes the role of innovation and human capital in economic development. Transparency and citizen participation, which are fundamental for a modern and effective government, are promoted by open government innovation. Method: A non-experimental research of quantitative type was established, in which information was collected on the study variables (Hernández et al., 2014). Subsequently, a correlational type of research was conducted, considering four socioeconomic development indicators of the Mexican Institute for Competitiveness A.C. The research was conducted in Nayarit, Mexico, considering the periods from 2021 to 2023. Subsequently, Spearman's Rho correlation was performed because the Shapiro-Wilk normality test did not meet the normality assumption. Results and Discussion: The findings reveal important relationships and implications in the theory of efficient and effective government administration; first, it shows that improvements in tax collection efficiency are directly related to economic growth and diversification in Nayarit, Mexico. On the other hand, economic growth is driven by internal factors such as investment in human capital and innovation, further suggesting that greater economic complexity can lead to lower own revenues and ultimately to a lack of technological infrastructure or adequate public policies. Implications of the research: The practical and theoretical implications of this study highlight the importance of efficient and strategic government management, the need for economic diversification policies, and the re-evaluation of economic theory in specific contexts. The differences and limitations observed suggest areas for future research and improvements in data collection. Originality/Value: The present research contributes to the line of public administration and economic development, since the results found motivate the generation of sustainable growth and economic diversification policies. The above, adds to the content on state level income and GDP, in this particular case to the state of Nayarit, Mexico.

The deformation of democracy in the United States: When does bureaucratic “neutral competence” rise to complicity?

AbstractRecent years have seen a step‐change in the severity and nature of threats to United States democracy, including extensive efforts by elected officials to undercut democratic governance. When elected officials undermine democracy, this constitutes “deformation of democracy.” As implementors and agents of policy, public administrators can sometimes play essential roles as bulwarks against democratic deformation. However, among public administrators there is historically a strong ethos emphasizing neutral competence and subordination to political authority, in some cases reinforced by law. How should public administrators respond when confronted by deformation and, at the same time, constrained by tradition and law? We selectively review strands of public administration theory, focusing on theory especially relevant to the United States governmental system, to construct and assess a catalog of responses that public administrators can take under democratic deformation. We conclude by offering a set of recommendations focused on institutionalized collective action by public administrators.

On the Accumulation of Goodness

Throughout the Chinese imperial period, the kaoji (examination of merit) system was used to evaluate bureaucratic officials’ successes and failures. Officials who served commendably were promoted while those who served discreditably were demoted on its basis. In this article, I focus on the kaoji system as described in the “Kao gong ming” (Examining Achievement and Reputation) chapter of the Chunqiu fanlu, an authoritative pre-modern Chinese ethical-political text. I attempt to reconstruct the system and analyze the main features of the underlying theory by which it was administered. First, I explore the main principles and metaphors of the “Kao gong ming” theory of rulership and administration. I argue that it situates the kaoji system within a vision of naturalistic administration and rulership based on the principles of accumulating of goodness, conferring benefit, and eliminating harm, as well as weighing and adapting to specific circumstances. In this context, the kaoji system may be understood as an important instrument of effective rulership based on the principles of nature. Second, I outline the kaoji system and compare it with the Han system of personnel administration. I finish with reflections on the chapter’s dating and authorship, arguing that the “Kao gong ming” is a compilatory Han text with a problematic relationship to Dong Zhongshu. My broader aim is to contribute to our understanding of the Han dynasty’s administrative discourse.

#BlackLivesMatter: Where Do the Paradigms of Public Administration Fit?

This study provides an in-depth analysis of problems and policy proposals related to the Black Lives Matter (BLM) Movement in light of public administration (PA) theories. We examine the extant literature focusing on three PA paradigms: Classical, New Public Management (NPM), and Postmodernism (combined with New Public Administration—NPA). Based on a content analysis of BLM activists’ demands, Congressional bills, and resolutions, this study categorizes the problems and solutions according to the area of concern and PA paradigms. Results indicate that postmodern theories offer crucial lenses to understand BLM activists’ demands. However, Congressional bills and resolutions align more with Classical and NPM paradigms. We conclude that BLM policy proposals are more likely to be implemented if framed within NPM and “soft” postmodern perspectives. Similarly, policymakers and practitioners should know that the BLM movement reflects a postmodern approach. This study provides contributions that are relevant to both practitioners and academics.

“Pioneers” of Managerial Thought: Woodrow Wilson Case

The article focuses on the diversity of the struggle for priority in the history of managerial thought. The subject of the study is the role of the American political scientist and politician Woodrow Wilson in the development of the study of public administration. The article reveals the contradiction between historical facts and prevailing ideas about the priority of W. Wilson in the development of the public administration theory. This dichotomy is proven in particular through the use of generative artificial intelligence and large language models (ChatGPT). The article analyzes the struggle for W. Wilson’s priority in the creation of the public administration science and compares it with the outwardly similar story of the discovery of genetics by Gregor Mendel. The article shows that the external similarity of the “deferred priority” in the creation of two sciences — genetics and public administration — differs significantly in the internal logic and consequences of the “rediscovery” of conceptual innovations. We can say that the “deferred priority” of the American scientist turns into a false priority, but fixed by public opinion as real. A conclusion is drawn about the relevance of W. Wilson’s case for solving modern problems of economic cybernetics. The past forms the present and future and distorting the past we can’t understand the present and predict and manage the better future.

Representation in International Relations, Impeachment of the President of Georgia, and European Integration

Abstract The 2017–2018 constitutional reform amended the Constitution of Georgia and changed the political system of the country. The president has the responsibility to represent the country in international relations, but only with the approval of the government. Constitutional norms are not specific, leaving room for different interpretations. Article 78 of the Constitution obliges constitutional bodies to use all measures for European integration. Under this constitutional obligation, the president met with European colleagues, though without governmental approval. This provoked the ruling party to initiate the process of impeachment. The Constitutional Court of Georgia concluded that the president breached the Constitution, but the parliament could not impeach the president. The paper analyses the role of presidential representation in international relations and its constitutional responsibility in the light of Georgia’s European aspirations.

Inaugural Editorial

Welcome to the inaugural issue of the Journal of Comprehensive Business Administration Research (JCBAR). It is with great pride and enthusiasm that we launch this platform dedicated to advancing the field of business administration through high-quality, peer-reviewed research. The primary aim of JCBAR is to bridge the gap between theory and practice in business administration. Our objective is to provide a forum where researchers, practitioners, and policymakers can share insights, innovations, and methodologies that address the complex challenges faced by modern businesses. I strive to promote a deeper understanding of business practices and foster the development of strategies that can lead to improved organizational performance and economic growth. JCBAR is committed to publishing research that is both rigorous and relevant. I seek to highlight studies that not only advance academic knowledge but also offer practical implications for business leaders and policymakers. By doing so, I hope to facilitate a continuous dialogue between the academic and business communities, ensuring that research findings are translated into actionable strategies.