Systems Theory Research Articles

Analysis of the Effeectiveness of the Integrated Law Enforcement Center (Gakkumdu) in Criminal Enforcement of the 2024 Election in Central Java based on the Principle of Legal Certainty

This study aims to analyze and examine the effectiveness of the Integrated Law Enforcement Center (Gakkumdu) in criminal enforcement of the 2024 Election in Central Java. This type of research is empirical or non-doctrinal law, the nature of analytical descriptive research. Using a qualitative approach with primary data from interviews and observations. Secondary data from books, scientific journal articles and legislative review. The results of the study show that the Central Java Gakkumdu Center has carried out its functions and authorities as a center for criminal law enforcement activities in accordance with the Election Law and Perbawaslu, but it has not been effective and legally certain. Because in handling election crime cases in 35 districts/cities as many as 110 cases, only 5 cases have permanent legal force, 2 cases stopped at the Police investigation, and 103 cases stopped at the discussion of the Gakkumdu Center. The causal factors are not in accordance with the theory of the legal system of law: (1) Legal substance: (a) the time to handle the case of election crimes is short (Speedy trial), (b) the legal subject of the perpetrator of the election crime is not fulfilled, (c) lack of evidence in the investigation of election crimes, and (d) difficulties in finding witnesses in the investigation of election crimes. (2) Legal structure: (a) many institutions in the Gakkumdu Center make coordination difficult, (b) different perceptions between institutions in the Gakkumdu Center make it difficult to determine election crimes, (c) the Gakkumdu Center is a non-institutional coordination forum in election crime enforcement, (d) the election crime enforcement coordinator Bawaslu only forwards reports and not as an election crime investigator. (3) Legal culture: (a) lack of understanding of election crime violations, (b) lack of public awareness of reporting election crimes to the gakkumdu center, (c) lack of public willingness to witness election crime cases, and (d) weak legal awareness of election participants to comply with the election law. The solutions to overcome the ineffectiveness of the Gakkumdu Center in election crime enforcement in the future: (a) the need for a single institution in election crime enforcement, and (b) the strengthening of Bawaslu's authority in election crime enforcement

Dual Narratives, Shared Radiance: A Tropical Asian Queer Collaborative Autoethnography

Employing a tropical Asian queer collaborative autoethnographic approach, this article explores the unique narratives of two diasporic researchers hailing from the Philippines and Taiwan. The paper elucidates the voices, perceptions, and lived experiences of the authors and shows how these align with Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory of human development, which asserts that individuals are influenced by their socio-cultural environment comprised of the macrosystem, exosystem, mesosystem, and microsystem. The relationship of these overlapping systems is explored through the lives of the two researcher-authors through personal narratives. These narratives accentuate the methodological queering aspect, employing personal vignettes as pivotal focal points. By intertwining subjective experiences within the socio-ecological systems model, the article seeks to vividly depict the knottiness of tropical Asian queer identity and experience. Through this exploration, the discourse not only enquires into the intricacies of the researcher-authors’ stories but also contributes to a broader understanding of how queer socio-cultural factors shape the diverse narratives within the queer community in tropical Asia.

Open Systems Theory in Organizations and Geopolitics

This paper presents a theoretical approach exploring the application of Open Systems Theory within geopolitics. Traditionally, geopolitics has focused on state-centric power dynamics; however, the increasing influence of non-state actors such as multinational corporations, and transnational networks has blurred the boundaries between states and other global entities. By employing Open Systems Theory, this paper offers a new conceptual framework to understand the complex and interconnected nature of modern international relations. The study ultimately argues that Open Systems Theory provides a nuanced perspective essential for analyzing the evolving dynamics of global politics.

Prolegomena to a genealogy of “society”

The article reconstructs the evolution of the semantics of one of the social sciences’ most important concepts, that of society. It follows two main systematizations, those of the societas and the societas civilis, respectively, through a millennia-long history rooted in Graeco-Roman civilization. This history exhibits remarkable continuity across time. Its modern adaptations survive to the present day. But the social sciences appear to know only the latter which, in the form of the nation-state, they adopted as their default model under the intellectual leadership of Parsons. Recent developments in the social world have rendered that model obsolete. This leaves the social sciences in dire straits, as they have failed, with one exception, to develop a persuasive alternative. The exception is Niklas Luhmann's systems theory of world society, a theory barely known outside small niche circles. The article ends on a brief speculative note about what might account for the odd tenacity of a theoretically untenable concept.

Neurodivergent (Autism and ADHD) student experiences of access and inclusion in higher education: an ecological systems theory perspective

AbstractHigher Education (HE) can be a complicated and isolating experience for neurodivergent students. Many systemic barriers and injustices create challenges for the accessibility and inclusivity of learning environments and curriculums. However, with the appropriate accommodations, staff guided by neurodiversity-affirming practices, accessible curricula, and opportunities to connect with neurodivergent peers, it can be highly rewarding. Through 15 in-depth, lived-experience-informed interviews with neurodivergent HE students who are Autistic and/or ADHDers in Australia, we analyse experiences at different system levels. By validating the robust framework of ecological systems theory in this context, we extend the academic understanding and add to the limited research on HE experiences for this marginalised, often ignored, but important student segment. We discover pivotal micro-systems of curricula, assessments, reasonable adjustment plans, spaces, teachers, students, and support services. Further contributions are made through the first extension of ‘feedback loops’ into research of HE micro-systems, and descriptions of macro and chrono-systems. With many HE systems erected and emergent to cater to the student majority, illuminating the experiences of neurodivergent students with these intersecting HE systems provides concrete insights for leadership, teachers, and support staff to improve accessibility and inclusion in HE.

Control synchronization of the anti-resonance vibration system with two eccentric rotors driven by the motors

The present research works focuses on the control synchronization of anti-resonance vibration system (ARVS) with two eccentric rotors driven by the motors. The small parameters average method and Hamilton’s criterion are employed to analyze the self-synchronous theory of the proposed system from the views of mechanics and mathematics. The research results show that the zero-phase synchronization between two motors is difficult to carry out owing to its own weak coupling property; the ideal dynamic characteristics of the ARVS are easily destroyed by the material quality fluctuation. Therefore, the controllers of the angular speed and phase angle are designed by using the sliding mode control (SMC) algorithm with master-slave control structure. And then Lyapunov theory is used to prove the stability of the controllers. Moreover, some simulation results are given to explore the feasibility and validity of the proposed controllers. The results indicate that the zero-phase synchronization between two motors can be performed by using the proposed control strategy; meanwhile, the ideal dynamic characteristics of the ARVS can be maintained by the proposed controllers with the material quality fluctuation; additionally, a strong robustness of the control system is carried out to reject the structural parametric interferences to the dynamic characteristics. The results can provide a control method for the engineering design of the anti-resonance vibration machine and help anti-resonance vibration machine adapt to more complex working environment.

Navigating the Gap Between Correlational and Intervention Studies of Fatherhood and Children’s Development: A Family Systems Ecological Perspective

SYNOPSIS Objective. In fatherhood research, a large gap has emerged between correlation-based studies and the design of interventions to increase the quantity and quality of fathers’ involvement in their families. The correlational research suggests that all family members could benefit from fatherhood intervention designs that attempt to reduce risks and strengthen protective conditions in multiple family domains—an approach consistent with family systems theories and ecological theories of child development. But most fatherhood interventions have been designed solely for fathers and focus primarily on parenting. Even in rare instances in which both parents are included in a father-focused parenting intervention, the curriculum rarely attends to the quality of relationship between the co-parents, despite the fact that this relationship is a prime correlate and predictor of father involvement and father-child relationship quality. Design. This narrative review describes the current gap between multidimensional correlational studies of fathers and families and the restricted designs of most father involvement interventions. We describe a family systems ecological intervention approach to bringing the correlational and intervention streams of fatherhood research closer together. Results. Evidence from empirical studies of correlations between risk/protective factors and outcomes supports a family systems ecological model of five domains relevant for inclusion in fatherhood intervention curricula and measurement protocols. Evaluations of interventions based on these five domains show that when both parents participate, the interventions have greater impact than interventions directed only to fathers. Fathering is not simply behavior that occurs between a father and his child. In addition to the quality of his direct interaction with his child, fathering is a dynamic product of his well-being, the quality of the relationship between the co-parents, the transmission of behavioral patterns across generations, and the balance between outside-the-family stressors and the supports available to cope with them. Conclusions. This family systems ecological approach has implications for theory testing, future intervention research, and policy decisions about fatherhood services.

A Sibling's Intuition: The Role of Sibling Approval for Romantic Relationships

Research has shown that family and peer relationships have an impact on the stability and quality of one's romantic relationships. According to family systems theory, family dyads are likely to impact the stability of romantic dyads within a system. Yet, little is known if and how one's sibling will impact the development and maintenance of that relationship. Therefore, the goal of this study is to understand how approval of a sibling's romantic relationship impacts the quality of that relationship. Participants ( N = 168) and their siblings ( N = 118) were recruited to participate in an online survey, which included questions regarding their current and previous romantic relationships, if applicable, their relationship with their sibling, and their approval of their sibling's previous and/or current relationship(s). Data was analyzed using moderation analyses and actor–partner interdependence models. Although regression results showed no effects of sibling approval for relationship quality for either current or past relationships, the path analyses revealed that when participants approved their siblings’ relationship, the satisfaction increased, but when the siblings approved of the participant's relationship, the satisfaction trended downward. Path analyses also showed that approval did not predict the satisfaction of either participant's or sibling's last relationship. In both models, sibling and participant approval significantly predicted each other. Last, sibling closeness was not found to moderate any of these relationships. These results show that sibling approval plays a role in romantic relationships, but the impacts vary depending on relationship context.

The Adoptee Consciousness Model: Integration with Family Counseling Theory and Practice

Transracial adult adoptee storylines are increasingly represented across media platforms, yet counseling practice guidelines for the population remain limited. The authors provide updated counseling strategies by applying the Adoptee Consciousness Model (ACM). Via a fictitious case study of one adult transracial adoptee, the authors integrate the ACM with three family systems theories. Recommendations for individual, couple, and family counselors and therapists are provided.

On the Question of the Concept of “Historical Time” in the Psychology

The article examines the theoretical and methodological problems of historical psychology. The problem of forming one’s own conceptual and categorical apparatus of historical psychology is substantiated, and a scheme for highlighting the essential characteristics of the concept of “historical time” is proposed on the basis of V.I. Razumov’s categorical-system methodology and theory of dynamic information systems. The primary categorical triad allowed us to identify three main characteristics that are essential, necessary and sufficient to describe the content of a particular historical time. It is shown that “historical time” in psychological research can be considered taking into account the entire time context: historical events, historical personalities, worldview, lifestyle. The article identifies another significant aspect of the manifestation and reflection of “historical time” — material material history. The task of considering material history in a specific historical time is set.

Beyond Lau: Envisioning humanizing and culturally sustaining workspaces for teachers in dual-language bilingual education schools

ABSTRACT Fifty years after the Lau decision, dual-language programs face critical challenges, particularly a national teacher shortage, especially in bilingual programs representing less commonly taught languages like Mandarin Chinese. This study explores the workplace environments of 13 Mandarin Dual Language Bilingual Education (MDLBE) teachers in a diverse urban school district. Drawing on Freire’s concept of humanization, Paris’s cultural sustainment framework, and Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory, qualitative interviews reveal themes of outsiderness, coupled with a need for humanizing relationships with colleagues and leadership. Findings highlight the importance of culturally sustaining practices and systemic changes to foster inclusive, supportive environments, advocating for a transformation “Beyond Lau” to sustain dual-language programs.

Factors impacting urban greenspace usage: new evidence from South Africa

This paper examines the factors that impact urban greenspace (UGS) usage in three urban parks in the city of Tshwane, South Africa. Guided by systems theory, we aim to determine how various cultural ecosystem services afforded by these parks influence usage with a particular focus on social relations, recreation, aesthetics, and spiritual value. Data for the study was collected using an online survey as well as online reviews of the UGSs from three different sources. Site visits were also conducted to verify the presence (or absence) of various tangible factors that could impact usage. Using correlation analysis, we determined that recreation was the primary cultural ecosystem service offered by these spaces that individuals consider when deciding whether to use an UGS. Moreover, UGSs that are accessible, perceptibly safe, and well-maintained generally attract park usage while UGSs that are perceived as being unsafe, neglected, and/or polluted generally deter park use. We conclude the study by making a series of recommendations that could encourage UGS usage in this unique context in South Africa.

How does the metaverse transform festival tourism? A Cognitive-Affective Personality System (CAPS) theory

ABSTRACT This study aims to investigate how metaverse scenes influence users’ metaverse flow experiences and their level of satisfaction, ultimately leading to electronic word-of-mouth in the context of the Guangfu Temple Fair. The partial least squares method was used to explore the conceptual model using 625 valid survey data points collected during the metaverse festival. The empirical results indicate that the metaverse scene has a substantial effect on visitors’ metaverse flow experience. Previous visits serve as key moderators in the relationship between the metaverse flow experience and user satisfaction with the metaverse environment pertaining to the festival.

E-assessment and e-proctoring implementation during coronavirus pandemic: A participatory study using socio-technical systems theory

E-assessment and e-proctoring implementation during coronavirus pandemic: A participatory study using socio-technical systems theory

Development of an Indicator System for Evaluating Risks in Trekking Tourism

In today’s fast-paced and and high-stress society, trekking tourism is a leisure activity for stress relief and closer nature engagement. Given the adventurous nature inherent in trekking tourism, risk assessment is deemed both crucial and imperative. This study aims to develop a risk assessment framework for trekking tourism based on the Delphi method and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Initially, we conducted a literature review and expert interviews grounded in the Systems Theory of Accident Causation and the Human Factors Theory to establish the risk assessment paradigm specific to trekking tourism. Subsequently, we ascertained specific weights for each evaluation criterion and delineated explicit data sources for each operational indicator. The findings indicate that the formulated risk assessment system for trekking tourism is both scientifically grounded and practical, furnishing stakeholders in the tourism industry, organizational teams, and management authorities with an efficacious tool for evaluating the safety conditions of trekking tourism activities.

Analysis on the Evolution Characteristics of Rural Tourism Public Service System from the Perspective of Digitalization—Empirical Evidence from the Silk Road Economic Belt

The integration of digitalization with public tourism services has emerged as a new model for the development of the rural tourism public services. The Silk Road Economic Belt is a crucial area for the future development of the tourism industry. Exploring the coupling of the digitalization and the development trends of the rural tourism public services is significant for advancing rural tourism in this region. This study applies Complex Adaptive Systems theory and Synergy theory to the development of the digitization of rural tourism public services, clarifying the structure of the digitization of the rural tourism public service system. Based on this, a collaborative development evaluation system for the digitization of rural tourism public services is constructed, focusing on the Silk Road Economic Belt. By using the SMI-P evaluation model, ArcGIS spatial visualization, Gini coefficient, and kernel density methods, the collaborative development of the digitization of the rural tourism public service system was measured and analyzed in this paper. The findings reveal the following: (1) The collaborative development of the digitization of the rural tourism public service system in the Silk Road Economic Belt shows a gradual upward trend, yet the overall level of the collaboration is transitioning from a state of imbalance. (2) Compared to the Southwest, the Northwest exhibits a lower overall level of collaboration, with growing disparities in collaborative development indices among provinces, although there is a trend toward higher levels of aggregation. (3) The development of the rural tourism public services is trending toward a favorable state of multi-dimensional collaboration, characterized by significant regional features, including multi-polarization and unbalanced development. Finally, optimization paths for the digital development of the rural tourism public services were proposed in this study, which can provide guidance for improving the construction of the digitization of the rural tourism public service system and exploring clear development pathways.

Perceived employability of international doctoral students in the UK: applying Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory

ABSTRACT The quality of the UK’s doctorate training system plays a fundamental role in fostering vibrant research outputs and attracting global talent. However, while maintaining a consistently high standard of quality remains static and challenging, little is known about how the employability of international doctorate students is shaped and at what juncture it is opportune to support their employability during their research studies. This paper aims to understand the employability of international doctoral students within business schools at British universities, drawing on Urie Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory as a framework. The qualitative study involves 15 international doctoral students from 9 business schools. The findings uncover various environmental systems impacting their employability. In addition, this study theoretically extends employability research by applying Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory to provide a multi-layered understanding of international doctorate employability, offering a novel framework for targeted career support interventions. Further, the implications highlight the urgent need for tailored support to build industrial connections, promote departmental collaboration to scaffold a dynamic research environment, proffer multiple resource channels, and create employment opportunities both inside and outside of the university.

The Well-Being of Doctoral Students in Education: An Ecological Systems Perspective.

This study aims to explore the factors that influence the well-being situation of doctoral students in education from a qualitative perspective and draws on the ecological systems theory as an overarching framework. A total of 18 doctoral students in education from 3 universities in Hong Kong were interviewed. In line with the ecological systems theory, individual influential factors may embed and interact with all layers of systems (i.e., the microsystem, the mesosystem, the exosystem, the macrosystem, and the chronosystem) surrounding the doctoral students that hinder or boost their well-being, respectively. These six main areas of concern were identified from a thematic analysis of participants' responses. The study highlighted several salient influential factors of doctoral students' well-being, such as coping strategies, social relations, and their living and cultural environment. An interactive effect among specific factors, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and social movements, was also identified. Findings provide theoretical insights and offer recommendations for improving doctoral students' well-being.

Study abroad experiences in homestay: where complexity, dynamicity, and individuality stay

Abstract Informed by Complex Dynamic Systems Theory, this study examines the nature of homestay as a situated language learning site, with an eye toward the development of American student guests and Chinese host families’ homestay experiences within the larger context of the study abroad (SA) program and local community. Drawing on data collected from host families and student guests, this study discovers benefits, conflicts, and co-adaptations in homestay; the evolution of host families’ dispositions toward homestay; student guests’ proficiency gains and interactions with hosts and locals; and contextual factors that influence the proficiency gains and interactions. The findings reveal that homestay is a dynamic, self-evolving subsystem, which constantly interacts with other dynamic subsystems, such as the SA program and local community, within the complex social ecosystem of the entire SA environment. This study also provides suggestions for the design and management of the homestay component in the SA program and future research.

Adopting Theories Underlying Directed Technology Integration Strategies: Study Objectivist Learning Theories

This paper examines key theories underlying directed technology integration strategies in education, focusing on objectivist learning approaches. The study reviews and analyzes several influential theories, including B.F. Skinner's behaviorism, Atkinson and Shiffrin's information processing model, Robert Gagne's conditions of learning, and systems theory approaches to instructional design.The analysis reveals how these theories provide conceptual foundations for technology integration in education. Behaviorism emphasizes reinforcement and observable outcomes. Information processing theory explains memory and cognitive processes. Gagne's work highlights conditions for effective learning. Systems approaches offer frameworks for designing technology-enhanced instruction. While each theory offers valuable insights, an integrated approach incorporating behaviorist, cognitive, and constructivist perspectives may be most effective for technology-enhanced learning. Understanding these theoretical underpinnings can guide educators in developing more effective technology integration strategies and creating optimal learning conditions in digital environments. This paper synthesizes key objectivist learning theories relevant to educational technology, providing a theoretical foundation to inform technology integration practices in modern education.