Theory Diagrams Research Articles

CoDEx: Wilson coefficient calculator connecting SMEFT to UV theory

CoDEx is a Mathematica^{textregistered } package that calculates the Wilson coefficients (WCs) corresponding to effective operators up to mass dimension 6. Once the part of the Lagrangian involving single and multiple degenerate heavy fields, belonging to some beyond standard model (BSM) theory, is given, the package can then integrate out propagators from the tree and 1-loop diagrams of that BSM theory. It then computes the associated WCs up to 1-loop level, for two different bases: and . "CoDEx" requires only very basic information as regards the heavy field(s), e.g., color, isospin, hypercharge, mass, and spin. The package first calculates the WCs at the high scale (mass of the heavy field(s)). We then have an option to perform the renormalization group evolutions (RGEs) of these operators in basis, a complete one (unlike ), using the anomalous dimension matrix. Thus, one can get all effective operators at the electro-weak scale, generated from any such BSM theory, containing heavy fields of spin 0, 1/2, and 1. We provide many example models (both here and in the package documentation) that more or less encompass different choices of heavy fields and interactions. Relying on the status of the present day precision data, we restrict ourselves up to dimension-6 effective operators. This will be generalized for any dimensional operators in a later version.

Secondary Polytope and Secondary Power Diagram

An ingenious construction of Gel’fand, Kapranov, and Zelevinsky [5] geometrizes the triangulations of a point configuration, such that all coherent triangulations form a convex polytope, the so-called secondary polytope. The secondary polytope can be treated as a weighted Delaunay triangulation in the space of all possible coherent triangulations. Naturally, it should have a dual diagram. In this work, we explicitly construct the secondary power diagram, which is the power diagram of the space of all possible power diagrams with nonempty boundary cells. Secondary power diagram gives an alternative proof for the classical secondary polytope theorem based on Alexandrov theorem. Furthermore, secondary power diagram theory shows one can transform a nondegenerated coherent triangulation to another nondegenerated coherent triangulation by a sequence of bistellar modifications, such that all the intermediate triangulations are nondegenerated and coherent. As an application of this theory, we propose an algorithm to triangulate a special class of 3d nonconvex polyhedra without using additional vertices. We prove that this algorithm terminates in $$O({{n}^{3}})$$ time.

ADG: Automated generation and evaluation of many-body diagrams I. Bogoliubov many-body perturbation theory

We describe the first version (v1.0.0) of the code ADG that automatically (1) generates all valid Bogoliubov many-body perturbation theory (BMBPT) diagrams and (2) evaluates their algebraic expression to be implemented for numerical applications. This is achieved at any perturbative order p for a Hamiltonian containing both two-body (four-legs) and three-body (six-legs) interactions (vertices). The automated generation of BMBPT diagrams of order p relies on elements of graph theory, i.e., it is achieved by producing all oriented adjacency matrices of size (p+1)×(p+1) satisfying topological Feynman’s rules. The automated evaluation of BMBPT diagrams of order p relies both on the application of algebraic Feynman’s rules and on the identification of a powerful diagrammatic rule providing the result of the remaining p-tuple time integral. The diagrammatic rule in question constitutes a novel finding allowing for the straight summation of large classes of time-ordered diagrams at play in the time-independent formulation of BMBPT. Correspondingly, the traditional resolvent rule employed to compute time-ordered diagrams happens to be a particular case of the general rule presently identified. The code ADG is written in Python2.7 and uses the graph manipulation package NetworkX. The code is also able to generate and evaluate Hartree–Fock-MBPT (HF-MBPT) diagrams and is made flexible enough to be expanded throughout the years to tackle the diagrammatics used in various many-body formalisms that already exist or are yet to be formulated. Program summaryProgram Title:ADGProgram Files doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/6h4xrydwfb.1Licensing provisions: GPLv3Programming language: Python2.7Nature of problem: As formal and numerical developments in many-body-perturbation-theory-based ab initio methods make higher orders reachable, producing and evaluating all the diagrams become rapidly undoable on a handmade basis as both their number and complexity grow quickly, making it prone to mistakes and oversights.Solution method: BMBPT diagrams are encoded as square matrices known as oriented adjacency matrices in graph theory, and then turned into graph objects using the NetworkX package. Checks on the diagrams and evaluation of their time-integrated expression are then done on a purely diagrammatic basis. HF-MBPT diagrams are produced and evaluated as well using the same principle.

Straight-ahead running of road vehicles – analytical formulae including full tyre characteristics

ABSTRACTDuring straight-ahead running, the longitudinal axis of road vehicles, notably cars, is not parallel to road axis. This occurrence is general and is due both to road cross slope (road banking) and to tyre characteristics, particularly ply-steer and conicity. In order to describe such a phenomenon, the paper develops a new and relatively simple analytical model. Despite the model is linear, the solution which is provided is exact, since straight-ahead motion occurs with small angles and both the elastokinematics of suspension system and tyre characteristics can be modelled by linearised equations. The Handling Diagram theory is updated and completed by introducing the actual shifts of tyre characteristics. The validation of the analytical expressions is performed by using a MSC AdamsTM full model of a car. A subjective-objective experimental test campaign provides preliminary substantiation of the ability of the derived formulae to describe tyre performance. By means of the unreferenced analytical formulae developed in the paper, we allow, given the vehicle, the proper tyre design specification and vice-versa. In particular, a formula is given to make null the steering torque during straight-ahead driving. The derived analytical formulae may provide a sound understanding of the straight-ahead running of road vehicles.

Expressway traffic flow model study based on different traffic rules

In this paper, two cellular automata traffic models are proposed to simulate the operation of expressway. The results show that the flow rate and the average velocity are generally equal in the same density which is different among the lanes. The analysis of lane changing times and the velocity total deviation show some characteristics which are difficult to be explained by the phase transitions under the fundamental diagram theory. Therefore, the concept of lane changing probability is introduced, and it is concluded that the speed-limit rule can reduce the motivation of lane changing effectively.

In-situ growth of metallic nanoparticles on perovskite parent as a hydrogen electrode for solid oxide cells

In this work, in-situ fabricated nano-socketed Fe-Ni particles structured Sr2Fe1.5Mo0.5O6-δ (SFM) electrodes are proposed to simultaneously combine good electrochemical properties of Ni-based materials and good stabilities of SFM-based materials. Preliminary studies on the Ellingham diagram and density functional theory offer certain theoretical basis for realizing the feasibility to extract Fe-Ni alloy from parent Sr2Fe1.3Ni0.2Mo0.5O6-δ in the viewpoint of thermodynamic and minimum energy principle. Experimental results according to X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy-elements mapping, high resolution transmission electron microscopy measurements show that a large amount of uniformly dispersed Fe-Ni nano-catalysts are elegantly exsolved from the perovskite oxide parent. Electrical conductivity relaxation results indicate that surface exchange coefficient of SFM-based material is enhanced from 0.5 × 10−3 to 1.7 × 10−3 cms−1 by the in-situ growth of Fe-Ni alloy at 800 °C. The in-situ fabricated Fe-Ni@SFM combined with Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 (SDC) composite electrodes perform a considerably high electrolysis current density of 1257 mA cm−2 at 1.3 V, 850 °C and polarization resistance of 0.20 Ωcm2 at open circuit voltage and 850 °C. Distribution relaxation of time analysis of impedance spectra shows that the gas conversion process is the rate-limiting step in the Fe-Ni@SFM-SDC hydrogen electrode for steam electrolysis.

Enumeration of N-rooted maps using quantum field theory

A one-to-one correspondence is proved between the N-rooted ribbon graphs, or maps, with e edges and the (e−N+1)-loop Feynman diagrams of a certain quantum field theory. This result is used to obtain explicit expressions and relations for the generating functions of N-rooted maps and for the numbers of N-rooted maps with a given number of edges using the path integral approach applied to the corresponding quantum field theory.

Evaluation of the Best New Cross-ply Laminated Plate Theories through the Axiomatic/Asymptotic Approach

This paper presents Best Theory Diagrams (BTDs) constructed from various non-polynomial theories for the static analysis of thick and thin symmetric and asymmetric cross-ply laminated plates. The BTD is a curve that provides the minimum number of unknown variables necessary for a fixed error or vice versa. The plate theories that belong to the BTD have been obtained by means of the Axiomatic/Asymptotic Method (AAM). The different plate theories reported are implemented by using the Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF). Navier-type solutions have been obtained for the case of simply- supported plates loaded by a bisinuisoidal transverse pressure with different length-to-thickness ratios. The BTDs built from non-polynomials functions are compared with BTDs using Maclaurin expansion. The results suggest that the plate models obtained from the BTD using non-polynomial terms can improve the accuracy obtained from Maclaurin expansions for a given number of unknown variables of the displacement field.

Dualities and phases of 3d mathcal{N}=1 SQCD

We study gauge theories with mathcal{N}=1 supersymmetry in 2+1 dimensions. We start by calculating the 1-loop effective superpotential for matter in an arbitrary representation. We then restrict ourselves to gauge theories with fundamental matter. Using the 1-loop superpotential, we find a universal form for the phase diagrams of many such gauge theories, which is proven to persist to all orders in perturbation theory using a symmetry argument. This allows us to conjecture new dualities for mathcal{N}=1 gauge theories with fundamental matter. We also show that these dualities are related to results in mathcal{N}=2 supersymmetric gauge theories, which provides further evidence for them.

Morphosyntactic Analysis on English Inflectional Affixes with Special Reference to The Jakarta Post

This study is entitled Morphosyntactic Analysis on English Inflectional Affixes with Special Reference to The Jakarta Post. It is aimed at finding out the types of inflectional affixes and explaining how the inflected words found in The Jakarta Post are represented in tree diagram. The data of this study were taken from 31 articles related to business in The Jakarta Post printed edition published on 14th, 15th, and 16th of June 2017. Observation method was applied in this study for collecting data. Firstly, Articles about business were chosen. Secondly, the articles were read intensively one by one in order to find out the affixes occurring on the articles. Thirdly, every affix was marked and noted down. Lastly, those affixes were classified into inflectional affixes. The data were analyzed descriptively based on the theories of inflectional affixes proposed by Francis Katamba (1993) in his book entitled Morphology as the main theory and the theory of tree diagram by Quirk at al. (1985) in his book entitled A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language presented as supporting theory. Based on the analysis, suffixes found in the articles are the suffix –s in noun, the suffix –s in verb, the suffix –ed, the suffix –ing, the suffix –er, and the suffix –est.The suffix –s in noun and suffix –ed are the most frequent types that appearing in the data. The finding also shows that there are five syntactic functions found in the data; they are subject, predicate, object, complement, and adverbial. The inflected word as predicate appears more frequently than the other syntactic functions.

Heating up exotic RG flows with holography

We use holography to study finite-temperature deformations of RG flows that have exotic properties from an RG viewpoint. The holographic model consists of five-dimensional gravity coupled to a scalar field with a potential. Each negative extrema of the potential defines a dual conformal field theory. We find all the black brane solutions on the gravity side and use them to construct the thermal phase diagrams of the dual theories. We find an intricate phase structure that reflects and extends the exotic properties at zero temperature.

An axiomatic/asymptotic evaluation of the best theories for free vibration of laminated and sandwich shells using non-polynomial functions

This paper presents Best Theory Diagrams (BTDs) constructed from non-polynomial terms to identify best shell theories for the free vibration analysis of laminated and sandwich shell. The shell theories have been constructed using Axiomatic/Asymptotic Method (AAM). The refined models are implemented following the compactness of a unified formulation developed. The governing equations are derived from the Hamilton’s Principle. Navier-Type solution technique is used for solving the eigenvalue problem of simply supported shell. The BTDs use 3D equilibrium solutions as a reference. The BTDs built from non-polynomial functions are compared with Maclaurin expansions. The results are compared with Layerwise solutions. Cylindrical and spherical shells with different layer-configurations are investigated. The results demonstrate that the shell models obtained from the BTD using non-polynomial terms can improve the accuracy obtained from Maclaurin expansion for a given order of expansion of a displacement field.

Estimation of the Gibbs Free Energy for Calcium Aluminate Sulphate Hydrates Using Iterative Least Squares Regression Method

The iterative least squares method was used for the estimation of the Gibbs free energy △G of calcium aluminate sulphate hydrates the lime desulfurization product in alumina production. By means of the tree diagram theory, the optimal selection of exponential power Xi in the regression equation is realized. The recursive least square method was used to solve the regression equation, and a regression method for estimating the Gibbs free energy of calcium aluminate sulphate hydrates was obtained. The Gibbs free energies of two kinds of calcium aluminate sulphate hydrates at 343K were estimated by this method. The experimental results were consistent with the estimated Gibbs free energies. It shows that the estimated method is correct and the result is reliable. The Gibbs free energy of calcium aluminate sulphate hydrates at any temperature can be estimated by this means. The study will provide theoretical and experimental basis for the lime desulfurization and synthesis of calcium aluminate sulphate hydrates by process of alumina production.

On the effects of trigonometric and exponential terms on the best theory diagrams for metallic, multilayered, and functionally graded plates

This paper presents Best Theory Diagrams (BTDs) employing combinations of Maclaurin, trigonometric, and exponential terms to build two-dimensional theories for metallic, multilayered, and functionally graded plates. The BTD is a curve in which the least number of unknown variables to meet a given accuracy requirement is read. The present refined models are Equivalent Single Layer and are implemented by using the Unified Formulation developed by Carrera. The plate theories presented are obtained using the axiomatic/asymptotic method and genetic algorithms. A multiobjective optimization technique is employed to analyze multiple displacements and stresses simultaneously. Closed-form, Navier-type solutions have been obtained in the case of simply supported plates loaded by a bisinusoidal transverse pressure. The influence of trigonometric and exponential terms in the BTDs has been studied for different materials and length-to-thickness ratios. The results show that the addition of such terms can lead to enhanced BTDs in which fewer unknown variables than pure Maclaurin expansions are needed to detect 3D like accuracies.

Spinning AdS loop diagrams: two point functions

We develop a systematic approach to evaluating AdS loop amplitudes with spinning legs based on the spectral (or “split”) representation of bulk-to-bulk propagators, which re-expresses loop diagrams in terms of spectral integrals and higher-point tree diagrams. In this work we focus on 2pt one-loop Witten diagrams involving totally symmetric fields of arbitrary mass and integer spin. As an application of this framework, we study the contribution to the anomalous dimension of higher-spin currents generated by bubble diagrams in higher-spin gauge theories on AdS.

Figure It Out!

This article pushes forward a critical dialogue about the value of visualization as a method of sociological theorizing. Building on a nascent literature, I argue theory diagrams may operate not only conjunctively but also disjunctively, independent from empirics; that their theoretical value lies not only in capturing sociological problems but also in the inferential procedures they embody; that their creative use spans not only deduction and abduction but also induction; that abduction may be pursued with diagrams not only in conjunction with deduction or in the production of visual sketches but also in visual exercises in theoretical play geared primarily toward getting new ideas; and that theory visuals often feature metaphorical aspects that, like their linguistic cousins, transfer thought patterns from one domain to another, thereby providing a major avenue for visual theoretical creativity. Taken together, pursuing these lines of thought helps to build a better understanding of how visualization contributes to the creative intellectual practice of sociological theorizing.

More asymptotic safety guaranteed

We study interacting fixed points and phase diagrams of simple and semisimple quantum field theories in four dimensions involving non-Abelian gauge fields, fermions and scalars in the Veneziano limit. Particular emphasis is put on new phenomena which arise due to the semisimple nature of the theory. Using matter field multiplicities as free parameters, we find a large variety of interacting conformal fixed points with stable vacua and crossovers inbetween. Highlights include semisimple gauge theories with exact asymptotic safety, theories with one or several interacting fixed points in the IR, theories where one of the gauge sectors is both UV free and IR free, and theories with weakly interacting fixed points in the UV and the IR limits. The phase diagrams for various simple and semisimple settings are also given. Further aspects such as perturbativity beyond the Veneziano limit, conformal windows, and implications for model building are discussed.

Criteria for evaluating programme theory diagrams in quality improvement initiatives: a structured method for appraisal.

BackgroundDespite criticisms that many quality improvement (QI) initiatives fail due to incomplete programme theory, there is no defined way to evaluate how programme theory has been articulated. The objective of this research was to develop, and assess the usability and reliability of scoring criteria to evaluate programme theory diagrams.MethodsCriteria development was informed by published literature and QI experts. Inter-rater reliability was tested between two evaluators. About 63 programme theory diagrams (42 driver diagrams and 21 action–effect diagrams) were reviewed to establish whether the criteria could support comparative analysis of different approaches to constructing diagrams.ResultsComponents of the scoring criteria include: assessment of overall aim, logical overview, clarity of components, cause–effect relationships, evidence and measurement. Independent reviewers had 78% inter-rater reliability. Scoring enabled direct comparison of different approaches to developing programme theory; action–effect diagrams were found to have had a statistically significant but moderate improvement in programme theory quality over driver diagrams; no significant differences were observed based on the setting in which driver diagrams were developed.ConclusionsThe scoring criteria summarise the necessary components of programme theory that are thought to contribute to successful QI projects. The viability of the scoring criteria for practical application was demonstrated. Future uses include assessment of individual programme theory diagrams and comparison of different approaches (e.g. methodological, teaching or other QI support) to produce programme theory. The criteria can be used as a tool to guide the production of better programme theory diagrams, and also highlights where additional support for QI teams could be needed.

Soft collinear effective theory for gravity

We present how to construct a Soft Collinear Effective Theory (SCET) for gravity at the leading and next-to-leading powers from the ground up. The soft graviton theorem and decoupling of collinear gravitons at the leading power are manifest from the outset in the effective symmetries of the theory. At the next-to-leading power, certain simple structures of amplitudes, which are completely obscure in Feynman diagrams of the full theory, are also revealed, which greatly simplifies calculations. The effective lagrangian is highly constrained by effectively multiple copies of diffeomorphism invariance that are inevitably present in gravity SCET due to mode separation, an essential ingredient of any SCET. Further explorations of effective theories of gravity with mode separation may shed light on lagrangian-level understandings of some of the surprising properties of gravitational scattering amplitudes. A gravity SCET with an appropriate inclusion of Glauber modes may serve as a powerful tool for studying gravitational scattering in the Regge limit.

Integrity Model Application: A Quality Support System for Decision-makers on Water Quality Assessment and Improvement

In this paper, a mathematical model has been applied to a river in North-East Italy to describe vulnerability scenarios due to environmental pollution phenomena. Such model, based on the influence diagrams theory, allowed identifying the extremely critical factors, such as wastewater discharges, drainage of diffuse pollution from agriculture and climate changes, which might affect the water quality of the river. The obtained results underlined how the water quality conditions have improved thanks to the continuous controls on the territory, following the application of Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC. Nevertheless, some fluvial stretches did not reach the “good ecological status” by 2015, because of the increasing population in urban areas recorded in the last years and the high presence of tourists during the summer months, not balanced by a treatment plants upgrade.