Theory Of Society Research Articles

THE FUNCTIONAL ROLE OF DIGITALIZATION IN THE FORMATION OF THE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT: PERSPECTIVES AND PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE

Based on the methodological approaches of the theory of entrepreneurial society and institutional economic theory, the author’s definition of the term “business environment” is formulated as a system of relations between economically active members of society, which is formed under the influence of formalized (legislative and legal norms) and informal (customs, traditions, mentality) regulatory institutions that determine the principles of economic interaction in the triad of stakeholders “business-state-society”, balancing public and private interests and delineating the field of economic activity in the system of coordinates “knowledge-needs-resources-security”. The problems of the functioning of small and medium-sized businesses caused by the institutional imperfection of the domestic business environment and the conditions under which it can become a driver of socio-economic progress are highlighted. Their information base is indicated, which ensures, firstly, the formation of a clear structure of the legislative and regulatory component of entrepreneurial activity, which should contain economic preferences differentiated by time and types of economic activity, corresponding to the interests of society and conceptually defined priorities of its development; secondly, free and prompt access of the economically active population to information that outlines the criterion parameters of additional institutional support for innovative business projects in the “needs-resources-security” coordinates. It is argued that the digitalization of the business environment plays an important role in creating these conditions – as a set of processes and means of information support for business functioning. The contours and directions of development of the multi-component functionality “digitalization” in the processes of forming such an entrepreneurial environment, under which small and medium-sized businesses can become the backbone of economic stability and the driving force of Ukraine in its post-war revival, are outlined.

ANALYSIS OF THE LACK OF PUBLIC KNOWLEDGE REGARDING THE DEVELOPMENT OF ISLAMIC BANKING IN INDONESIA

The writing of this article aims to analyze the lack of public knowledge of the development of Islamic banking in Indonesia. The literature review method with a descriptive qualitative approach is a method applied to this study. A literature review is an approach that discovers, analyses, and interprets all data on a study topic used to answer queries and requests for previous research. The subject of this study is the holy book that explains and explains the challenges of Islamic bank development in Indonesian culture. The results of the research on existing literature will discuss the development of Islamic banking as well as the gap between the theory and practice of understanding society and Indonesian people perspective towards Islamic banks. The findings of the study are expected to show conclusions about the causes of the lack of public understanding of the development of Islamic banking in Indonesia.

Personalist Foundations of the Common Good. Views of Mieczysław A. Krąpiec and Karol Wojtyła

This paper aims to draw attention to the personalist meaning of the category of common good. The discussion begins with consideration of possible interpretations of the fact of society and principal foundations of the philosophical concept of common good. The person’s structure, the most perfect form of being in light of the personalist theory, is shown against this background. It is also a fundamental common good of each social structure. The reflection will be guided by two main proponents of Polish philosophical personalism, who present an interesting theory of man and society which is important to contemporary culture: Mieczysław Albert Krąpiec and Karol Wojtyła.

The politics of civil society narratives in contestation between liberalism and nationalism in authoritarian Vietnam

ABSTRACT The liberal-dominated civil society theory tends to obscure the dynamics and intricacy of state-society relations in authoritarian contexts. Existing accounts on Vietnam have not cast adequate light onto the struggles of ideology and positions between the state and civil society. Drawing on the most recent data from social media in Vietnam, the article contributes a new analytical approach to understanding state-society relations by offering granular insights into the contrasting but mutually reinforcing narratives adopted by the state and civil society actors. In particular, the article steers attention towards the opportunities that crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic have provided for ideological struggles and legitimacy building between these actors. The paper argues that rather than continuously pushing forward the rhetoric ‘civic space is shrinking’, these alternatives must be steeped within wider historical understanding, attuned to particularities of the social-political context, and ultimately reflective of the evolving intricate state-society relations.

The Relationship between Civil Society Organization and Political Party in Legislative Election: The Case of of Fatayat and PKB in Indonesia

This article aims to analyze the political strategies of Fatayat as a civil society organization to win women candidates in the 2019 legislative elections. To do so, it uses two concepts of Gwendolyn Bevis’s theory of civil society and political parties which emphasizes constructive relationships between civil society organizations and political parties, and Peter Schroder’s theory on political strategies and tactics to win female candidates of legislative elections. This article uses a qualitative method and collects the data through interview techniques. The result of this study indicates that the relationship between Fatayat and PKB (Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa) runs constructively for both have a shared history. This constructive relationship can also be applied to explain the political dynamic within Nahdlatul Ulama (NU). This article concludes that the Fatayat’s strategy to win women candidates in the legislative elections was supported by a constructive relationship between Fatayat and PKB. This finding contributes to the study of the relationship between civil society organizations and political parties.

Global out-of-home childcare and world culture

The focus of this article is the link between the modern world culture and national public policy commitments. Drawing on world society theory and using data for 193 countries between 1990 and 2020—1411 documents in total—we analyze the global pattern of policy commitments to out-of-home childcare deinstitutionalization. Deinstitutionalization refers to the policy of moving children from institutional residential care (e.g. orphanages) to family-based and family-like care in the community. Using the reports by state parties of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, we find that 85 percent of countries make at least some commitment to deinstitutionalization. At the same time, the data reveal significant variation in the interpretation of deinstitutionalization. We also find that similar policy commitments are underpinned by diverse motives that reflect different normative frames within the dominant world culture—human rights, scientization, and cost efficiency. This diversity does not fit the standard world society concepts of convergence, resistance, or decoupling. We argue that countries can selectively adopt specific aspects of world culture, with important policy implications.

Benefit–Risk Perceptions of FinTech Adoption for Sustainability from Bank Consumers’ Perspective: The Moderating Role of Fear of COVID-19

Industry 4.0 technologies, designed to optimize efficiencies, are indisputable change agents for sustainability. In the context of financial technology (FinTech), the burgeoning question concerns how to create FinTech natives from the COVID-19-pandemic-induced adoption and realize FinTech’s impact on sustainability? Thus, this study had the following purposes: (1) to examine whether perceived benefits and risks affect FinTech services adoption; (2) to test the role of fear of COVID-19 in FinTech adoption; and (3) to investigate whether FinTech adoption contributes to sustainability. The hypotheses derived from the net valence framework, sustainable information society theory, and protection motivation theory were tested using structural equation modeling (SEM). Our online survey of bank consumers in Malaysia between December 2021 and February 2022 yielded 1279 usable questionnaires, randomly selected to generate 400 respondents. The results revealed that: (1) the perceived benefits significantly influence FinTech adoption, whereas perceived risk does not; (2) fear of COVID-19 moderates the perceived benefits–FinTech adoption relationship and fully mediates the perceived risk–FinTech adoption relationship; and (3) FinTech adoption significantly affects sustainability. This study demonstrates that FinTech adoption models must exploit consumer sentiment (e.g., fear) to optimize FinTech’s benefits and risks, thereby creating FinTech natives to realize its impacts on economic, environmental, and social sustainability.

Events as catalysts for communal resistance to overtourism

The negative impacts of tourism, often associated with overtourism, can lead to resistance by local stakeholders. This study focuses on collective resistance across Japan in the lead up to the Tokyo 2020 Olympics, during a period of exponential growth in tourism that produced disruption and fear, and led to a rise in tourismophobia. We conceptualise negative reactions through Castells' theory of the network society. Utilising qualitative data, we argue that Japan's national tourism growth strategy represented a state-imposed legitimising identity, leading to communal resistance sentiment and tactics across Japan and Tokyo. We illustrate how events act as catalysts for opposition against tourism development and how resistance identities can produce a new project and counter-legitimising identity tourism planners should take seriously.

Early Cyberspace Emergency Response by Predicting Social-Emotional Security

With the intensified social conflicts and cyberspace crises, the public is facing the emotional impact and lack of security feelings responding to emergencies. The most recent research only focuses on the influence of discrete emotions, but the induced stressful feeling of emotional security has not been a concern by the government. In this work, we first propose a concept of social-emotional security, evolving from the classical theories of risk society and psychological resilience. Second, we integrate a social-emotional security index measurement method with the proposed three metrics: emotional bias, situational risk, and potential hazard. We also suggest a grading scheme for the emotional regulation strategy with a 0.3 safety valve. Finally, the accuracy is over 78% for detecting the potential risk of emerging events, and the method is feasible in another 30 social safety events with a trend coincidence beyond 63.3%.

Capturing the Civic Lives of Cities: An Organizational, Place-Based Perspective on Civil Society in Global Cities

Introduction to Global Perspectives special collection: The Civic Life of Cities around the World In a wired world, how do social interactions among organizations and people continue to define civil society? Our co-produced approach to studying civil societies through a place-based, organizational lens provides fresh answers to perennial questions about voice, accountability, and embeddedness. The six articles in this collection on the civic life of cities draw on more than 1,400 interviews with organizational leaders in San Francisco, Seattle, Shenzhen, Singapore, Sydney, and Vienna. Moving beyond the “big theories” of civil society, the articles illustrate the value of our dual emphasis on place and organizations by showing how comparisons of the people, practices, and partnerships of civil society organizations enable new middle-range theories of civil society. This approach promises to offer rich comparative insights into similarities and differences among organizations around the globe.

The Securitization of Cyberspace: From Rulemaking to Establishing Legal Regimes

With the development of information and communication technologies (ICTs), the Internet has become increasingly important in terms of national security, economic development, and global leadership. Apparently, conflicts and contentious issues in cyberspace requires creating rules and development of regulation. The authors examine the process of making up rules in cyberspace from the perspective of M. Castells’ network society theory and B. Buzan’ securitization theory. According to M. Castells, key challenges have gradually altered in the network society and power relations and social management are based on the control of communication and information which embraces a network society. Furthermore, the authors investigate the development of the Internet in the context of securitization theory. It is stressed that cyberspace has become a full-fledged political space with the central position of digital sovereignty and information security. The article for the first time proposes a comprehensive periodization of international relations’ transformation in cyberspace. Afterwards, the authors consider the appearance of tensions between actors in cyber space, which include political and economic threats. It encourages state actors to establish a preliminary regulation and to agree on norms regulating state behavior in cyberspace. These mechanisms have become a venue for promoting different concepts of cyber law and establishing legal regimes. In conclusion the authors analyze the hierarchy of actors in global Internet governance to assess the actors’ influence on the establishment of legal regimes in cyberspace. The main assessment criteria are as follows: ability to influence global production chains of high-tech goods, ability to conduct offensive and defensive cyber operations, and influence on the formation of international legal regimes. The authors divide actors into two major groups - rule-markers capable of influencing the global information space and constructing legal regimes, and rule-takers that are an object of great powers competition in cyberspace.

On Approaches to the Creation of the Theory of the Digital Society. Based on the Book by Armin Nasse «Sample» («Muster»)

Due to the significant impact of digital technologies on society, it can be rightfully recognized that the field of digitalization has become a real laboratory for creating new concepts that determine the direction of development of modern sociological thought. The speed and scale of technology development imposes requirements on the critical analysis of their application. The global nature of digitalization is reflected in the implementation of a large number of sociological studies conducted in different countries in different languages. To increase the effectiveness of the work of sociologists, a significant amount of research translation is required, which must be done in a short period of time. Translations from English in our country are more or less routine, but translations from German are made much less frequently, despite the fact that the German socio-philosophical tradition is very strong. Armin Nasse can rightfully be ranked among the leading contemporary German sociologists. As a follower of the Bielefeld school of sociology, Nasse is also a well-known researcher of the impact of digital technologies on modern society. His books cover a wide range of sociological research, but when it comes to digitalization, of course, the book “Sample”, published in 2019, deserves the greatest interest. In this work, attempts are made to find answers to the most pressing questions regarding the development of the theory of digitalization. The proposed article, of course, cannot replace the translation of the book, but it can give a brief overview of the ideas that it contains. The article reviews new approaches to the creation of the theory of the digital society.

Commodification of the Urban Community Image: An Instagram Case Study of Motivational Quotes and Skyscraper Photo

Rapid technology advancements, particularly social media Instagram, have brought people’s daily lives and urban environments into the domain of visual culture. Instagram’s young users are presently sharing motivational quotes adopted in activities and work with the use of a skyscraper as a background. The trend of encouraging quotes and skyscaraper photographs exemplifies the community’s orientation, which refers to a lifestyle or a typical phenomenon of Indonesian urban culture. This article intends to investigate the image of society by using Instagram to post encouraging phrases and patterns of space production-consumption using images of buildings taken by young people. The method of social semiotics was employed in this article with qualitative approach. Guy Debord’s Spectacle of Society (1967) theory and the postmodernist perspective are also discussed. Instagram creates a dichotomy with its picture of modern society and stunning metropolitan areas. Consumption and self-commodification are discussed in the context of capitalism through artistically potrayed public life performances on Instagram. As a result, a new concept of conflicting urban spaces emerges. On the one hand, an idealized portrayal of communal life and urban space exists, while the other side of a city with dense populations is ignored. This study is limited the social media platform Instagram and the Jakarta metropolitan area in Indonesia. There has never been a conversation about the convergence of urban settings with social media as a spectacle before.

PRINCIPLES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE UKRAINIAN EDUCATIONAL SPACE IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE INFORMATION ECONOMY: CREATIVE APPROACHES AND EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE

The article examines and scientifically substantiates the urgent need to update the principles of the development of the Ukrainian educational space in the conditions of the information economy on the basis of creativity and comprehensive European experience. A theoretical reflection of the researches of the information society and the information economy in a categorical perspective with a projection on the processes of development of the educational space, social transformations in society is given.
 The acquisition of modern theories of the information society of the world's leading scientists, which accumulate and change modernity, shape the future picture of the world in the directions of social and economic progress, is systematized. The basic manifestation of changes in the educational space is recognized as the principles of development of this system, which ensures the formation of a number of management mechanisms, technologies and tools of future transformations and the movement towards the information economy.
 The principles of the development of the educational space, as targeted, integrated approaches, which ensure the actualization and vectorial movement of the education system, give significance to the model of development of management and economy, are substantiated.
 The European experience in the formation and development of the educational space, as a key asset of humanity and a vector of changes for Ukraine in the conditions of war and increasing the potential of the information economy, was considered and systematized.
 The prerequisites for the formation of concepts that will ensure the real integration of the Ukrainian educational space and the information economy are characterized, and it is recommended to recognize them as system-forming, which will have an impact on the next 5-10 years.

Analysis of Gibran Teguh's Online Blusukan Campaign Strategy at The 2020 Solo Elections

This paper aims to analyze the online blusukan campaign strategy used by the Gibran-Teguh in the 2020 Solo Regional Election. This is considered important to analyze because the situation in Indonesia, which is being hit by the COVID-19 pandemic, has changed the pattern of people's lives on all fronts, including politics. The candidates for regional heads and mayors are looking for new ways to campaign so that they do not violate the health protocols set by the government. In the Solo Election, one of the candidates, namely Gibran – Teguh, used an online blusukan campaign strategy. The author used the theory of mass society and network society from Jan Van Dijk to find out how this online blusukan strategy was applied to the Solo Election. This paper is conceptual research that uses a descriptive qualitative approach and literature study research methods. This study concludes that the online blusukan campaign strategy is by the types and conditions of the citizen of Solo.

Policymaking to the test? How international large-scale assessments (ILSAs) influence repetition rates

ABSTRACT Do international large-scale assessments influence education policy? How? Through scripts, lessons, or incentives? For some, they all produce similar outcomes. For others, different assessment data, shaped by different designs, and mediated by international organizations’ (IOs) policy directives, prompt different policy decisions. For some, participation in these assessments may be linked to lower repetition rates, as per the policy scripts hypothesis inspired by world society theory. For others, assessments’ comparison strategies (age vs. grade) influence repetition in participating countries, according to policy lessons or incentives hypotheses, respectively inspired by educational effectiveness research and the sociology of quantification, and particularly the notion of retroaction. Fixed-effects panel regression models of eighteen Latin American countries (1992–2017) show that participation in assessments is associated with changing repetition rates in primary and secondary, while controlling for other factors. The findings show statistically significant differences between some assessment types. The conclusions spur new questions, delineating a future agenda.

The Network Society Revisited

The theory of the network society, in my own version, was originally elaborated in the book that, under the title The Rise of the Network Society, I published in 1996. It was revised and updated in the 2000 and 2010 editions. However, the significant social change that has taken place on a global scale in the last decade provides an opportunity to reassess its heuristic value. Therefore, in this text, I will attempt to consider the currency of the theory of the network society when confronted with these changes.

The cuneiform writing in the evolution of the law. Research around the origins of the western law from the theory of society of Niklas Luhmann

En este artículo se presentan los primeros resultados de la investigación “Me, Nomos, Ius”, en la que se pretende evidenciar una serie de cuestiones teóricas y metodológicas en torno al estudio del derecho occidental, sus orígenes y su evolución, y se propone una nueva elaboración transdisciplinaria de las categorías utilizadas. El estudio del derecho en Mesopotamia implica una re-conceptualización de la escritura cuneiforme, debido a que ha sido estudiada desde disciplinas que generalmente permanecen aisladas las unas de las otras. En este artículo se propone el análisis de la escritura cuneiforme apoyándonos en la arqueología, la asiriología, la historia, la filología, la antropología, la sociología y, sobre todo, en la teoría de la evolución sociocultural, desarrollada por Niklas Luhmann en el marco de su teoría de la sociedad.

GAYA HIDUP KONSUMTIF SEBAGAI DAMPAK ADANYA ONLINE SHOP DI KALANGAN MAHASISWA SOSIOLOGI ANGKATAN 2021

Hadir nya aplikasi online shop adalah salah satu dampak dari globalisasi. Aplikasi online shop ini memudahkan banyak orang untuk berbelanja, terutama para remaja. Tak terkecuali mahasiswa Sosiologi angkatan 2021 Universitas Negeri Malang. Maka dari itu kami mengambil judul penelitian Gaya Hidup Konsumtif sebagai Dampak Hadirnya Online Shop di The presence of an online shop application is one of the impacts of globalization. This online shop application makes it easy for many people to shop, especially teenagers. No exception for Sociology students batch 2021, State University of Malang. The purpose of this study was to find out changes in student lifestyles as a result of the online shop among students majoring in Sociology batch 2021, State University of Malang. This study uses descriptive qualitative methods with open interview data collection techniques and literature study. After interviewing several students, it can be concluded that online shopping is very popular because it is easy and has many choices. Besides that, online shopping can also save time. However, this shopping habit has a negative impact among students, namely a consumptive lifestyle that is difficult to avoid. The emergence of a consumptive lifestyle as a result of the existence of an online shop is in line with Jean Baudrillard's theory of consumption society, where current consumption is not based on need but based on desire.

КОММУНИКАТИВНЫЕ И ИДЕНТИФИКАЦИОННЫЕ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ КАК СУЩНОСТНЫЕ ПРОЯВЛЕНИЯ ЦИФРОВОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ

Objective of the study to consider the specifics of digital culture in the context of communicative and identification transformations.   Methodological basis of the research is the constructivist approach, the provisions of the theory of the information society, the concept of digital culture, identity theory. Research results. This article analyzes the modern digital environment, which sets the parameters of the value and mental attitudes of the individual, creating new communication practices and forming a new digital identity. In the conditions of digital communication, everyday life (one's own and others') becomes an object of visualization, makes private life transparent, depriving it of such a quality of traditional culture as privacy. The construction of virtual phantoms, positioned as individual personal identifiers of the subject, and their management in social networks indicates a departure from the historically established emotional basis of identification to representative and demonstrative practices, the desire to “seem” and not “be”, which is characteristic of visual digital culture.   Prospects of the study. The problem of the development of digital culture is of scientific and practical interest in connection with the need to understand the specifics of the transformation of human identity in the context of digitalization of all spheres of social life.